-as of [16 JULY 2024]-
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*’CANNABIS’ IN THE ‘UNITED STATES’*
*WIKILINK*
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*”‘CANNABIS LAWS’ IN THE ‘UNITED STATES'”*
*WIKILINK*
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*”‘LEGALITY’ OF ‘CANNABIS’ (BY ‘AMERICAN JURISDICTION’)”*
*WIKILINK*
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*legal term* –>
‘marijuana’
(or ‘marihuana’)
(as you approach he ‘southern border’…)
(‘mexican-america’)
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*1 APRIL 2022*
The U.S. House of Representatives passed the MORE Act, a bill that would end the federal prohibition on cannabis by removing it from the list of banned controlled substances
*requires a simple majority to proceed to the senate*
(218/435)
*barely passed with 220 votes*
*of those 220 votes, 3 were republican*
*only 2 democrats voted against the bill*
This is the second time the bill passed the House
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however, it will face strong headwinds in the Senate
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*it needs 60 votes (of 100) in the senate*
(as of ‘5 may 2022’)
*48 DEMOCRATS*
*50 REPUBLICANS*
*2 INDEPENDENTS*
(who caucus with ‘democrats’)
“bernie sanders”
(vermont)
“andy king”
(maine)
*it takes 60 votes to override a ‘filibuster’*
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*NEW YORK STATE*
*as of ‘5 may 2022’*
*all municipalities can ‘opt in’ to the ‘cannabis legalization bill’*
(NYC has ‘opted in’)
*but there are 11 types of ‘licenses’ that have not been granted for potential ‘cannabis sellers’ to operate legally*
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*the ‘legal history’ of ‘cannabis’ in the ‘united states’ pertains to the ‘regulation’ of ‘cannabis’ for [‘medical’ / ‘recreational’ / ‘industrial’] purposes in the ‘united states’*
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(increased restrictions + labeling of cannabis as a ‘poison’ began in many states from ‘1906’ onward, + ‘outright prohibitions’ began in the ‘1920s’)
(by the ‘mid-1930s’, ‘cannabis’ was ‘regulated’ as a ‘drug’ in every state, including ’35 states’ that adopted the ‘uniform state narcotic drug’ act)
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(the first national regulation was the ‘marihuana tax act’ of ‘1937’)
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(‘cannabis’ was officially outlawed for any use (‘medical’ included) with the passage of the “controlled substances act” (or ‘CSA’) of ‘1970’)
(multiple efforts to reschedule cannabis under the ‘CSA’ have failed, and the ‘united states supreme court’ has ruled in united states v. oakland cannabis buyers’ cooperative and gonzales v. raich that the ‘federal government’ has a right to ‘regulate’ + ‘criminalize’ cannabis, even for ‘medical purposes’)
(despite this, ‘states’ + other ‘jurisdictions’ have continued to ‘implement policies’ that ‘conflict’ with ‘federal law’, beginning with the passage of california’s ‘proposition 215’ in ‘1996’)
(by ‘2016’, a ‘majority’ of ‘states’ had legalized ‘medical cannabis’, and in 2012 the first states legalized ‘recreational use’)
(‘cannabis’ was sold in the ‘1800s’ as a ‘tincture’ (‘alcoholic extract’ (e.g. of ‘leaves’ or other ‘plant material’) or ‘solution’ of a ‘non-volatile substance’; (e.g. of ‘iodine’ / ‘mercurochrome’))
(in 1937 the “FDR administration” crafted the 1937 “marihuana tax act”, the first ‘US national law’ making ‘cannabis possession’ illegal via an ‘unpayable tax’ on the ‘drug’)
(the term ‘marijuana’ is now well-known in ‘english’ largely due to the efforts of ‘american drug prohibitionists’ during the ‘1920s’ + ‘1930s’)
“roaring 20s, my ass!”
(the ‘prohibitionists’ deliberately used a mexican name for ‘cannabis’ in order to turn the ‘populace’ against the idea that it should be legal by playing to ‘negative attitudes’ towards that ‘nationality’)
(while more than a dozen ‘US states’ have decriminalized ‘possession’ or ‘personal use’ of ‘cannabis’, it is ‘illegal’ under the ‘federal controlled substances act’ of ‘1970’)
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The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) is the statute establishing federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use, and distribution of certain substances is regulated.
It was passed by the 91st United States Congress as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 and signed into law by President Richard Nixon
The Act also served as the national implementing legislation for the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.
The legislation created five schedules (classifications), with varying qualifications for a substance to be included in each.
Two federal agencies, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), determine which substances are added to or removed from the various schedules, although the statute passed by Congress created the initial listing.
Congress has sometimes scheduled other substances through legislation such as
the Hillory J. Farias and Samantha Reid Date-Rape Prevention Act of 2000,
(which placed gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in Schedule I)
and sodium oxybate (the isolated sodium salt in GHB) in Schedule III when used under an FDA NDA or IND
Classification decisions are required to be made on criteria including
potential for abuse (an undefined term)
currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States,
and international treaties.
(in this act it is classified as a ‘schedule I drug’, implying that it has a ‘high potential’ for ‘abuse’)
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(as such, it prohibits the… )
‘possession’
‘usage’
‘purchase’
‘sale’
‘cultivation’
*…of ‘marijuana’*
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(this ‘conflict’ between ‘state’ + ‘federal’ law has led to ‘drug enforcement administration’ raids of ‘california medical marijuana dispensaries’)
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*mass*
(‘28.349 grams’ / ‘1 ounce’)
(‘half’ / ‘quarter’ / ‘eighth’ are terms used based on the ‘ounce’)
(the ‘use’, ‘sale’, and ‘possession’ of cannabis over ‘0.3% THC’ in the united states is ‘illegal’ under ‘federal law’)
(as a ‘schedule I’ drug under the federal ‘controlled substances act’ of ‘1970”, ‘cannabis’ over ‘0.3% THC’ is considered to have “no accepted medical use” and have a high potential for abuse and physical / psychological dependence)
(‘cannabis’ use is ‘illegal’ for any reason, with the exception of ‘FDA-approved’ research programs)
(*’food’ + ‘drug’ administration*)
(however, individual states have enacted legislation permitting ‘exemptions’ for various uses, mainly for ‘medical’ + ‘industrial’ use but also including ‘recreational use’)
(‘cannabis’ for ‘industrial uses’ (aka ‘hemp’) was made ‘illegal’ to grow without a ‘permit’ under the ‘controlled substances act’ because of its relation to ‘cannabis’ as a ‘drug’, and any ‘imported products’ must adhere to a ‘zero tolerance’ policy)
(the ‘agricultural act’ of ‘2014’ allows for ‘universities’ and ‘state-level departments’ of ‘agriculture’ to cultivate ‘cannabis’ for research into its ‘industrial potential’)
(as a ‘psychoactive drug’, ‘cannabis’ continues to find ‘extensive favor’ among ‘recreational’ + ‘medical’ users in the ‘united states’)
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(as of ’19 april 2019’…)
*TOTALLY LEGAL* –>
(by finally legalizing ‘recreational use’)
(aka ‘let me re-create the thoughts inside my mind)
(“because it’s MINE!”)
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“10 STATES” –>
“ALASKA”
“CALIFORNIA”
“COLORADO”
“MAINE”
“MASSACHUSETTS”
“MICHIGAN”
“NEVADA”
“OREGON”
“VERMONT”
“WASHINGTON”
(1/5 of states)
(20%)
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‘2 AMERICAN TERRITORIES” –>
*DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA*
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*LEGALIZED “MEDICINAL” MARIJUANA* –>
(how do we define ‘medicinal’?)
’33 STATES”
“4 AMERICAN TERRITORIES*
*DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA*
(‘remember columbine!”)
(“bomb’s away!”)
*”this is the ‘anthony cumia’ show…”*
(of course it is)
(oh, is it?)
(multiple efforts to ‘re-schedule’ cannabis under the ‘controlled substances act’ have failed, and the ‘united states supreme court’ has ruled in united states v. oakland cannabis buyers’ cooperative (2001) and gonzales v. raich (2005) that the ‘federal government’ has a right to ‘regulate’ + ‘criminalize’ cannabis (whether ‘medical’ or ‘recreational’))
(as a result, ‘cannabis dispensaries’ are ‘licensed’ by each ‘state’)
(these businesses sell ‘cannabis products’ that have not been approved by the FDA, nor are they ‘legally registered’ with the ‘federal government’ to sell ‘controlled substances’)
(although ‘cannabis’ has not been approved, the ‘FDA’ recognizes the ‘potential benefits’ and has approved 2 drugs that contain ‘components’ of ‘marijuana’)
(the ability of ‘states’ to ‘implement cannabis legalization policies’ was weakened after US attorney general ‘jeff (say)sessions’ rescinded the ‘cole memorandum’ on ‘4 january 2018’ and issued a ‘new memo’ instructing ‘US attorneys’ to enforce ‘federal law’ related to ‘marijuana’)
(the ‘cole memo’, issued by former deputy attorney ‘general james cole’ in 2013, urged ‘federal prosecutors’ to refrain from targeting ‘state-legal marijuana operations’)
(regarding the ‘medical use’ of ‘cannabis’, the ‘rohrabacher’ / ‘farr’ amendment still remains in effect to protect ‘state-legal medical cannabis activities’ from ‘enforcement’ of ‘federal law’)
(“why not just GET RID OF the ‘federal law’?)
“how hard could it be?”
(from what i understand it, the first necessary step is removing ‘marijuana’ from its ‘schedule 1’ legal classification)
“controlled substances act”
“no medical benefits”
“DEA”
(“drug enforcement agency”)
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*ALASKA*
on November 2, 2004, voters in Alaska rejected Measure 2 by 44–56 percent.
Measure 2 would prompt the state legislature to tax and regulate cannabis, and would have removed criminal penalties for cannabis use by adults aged 21 and older.
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*ARKANSAS*
On November 7, 2006, Eureka Springs, Arkansas passed “Cannabis as Low Police Priority” Initiative by 62-38 percent.
The ordinance directs local law enforcement to issue a summons in lieu of a criminal arrest for adults age 18 and over to be found in possession of up to one ounce of cannabis and/or cannabis paraphernalia
Cannabis offenses will be punished by a fine, community service, or drug counseling and education, but will not be punishable by arrest.
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*CALIFORNIA*
On January 1, 1975, Senate Bill 95 made possession under one ounce of cannabis for non-medical use punishable by a $100 fine;
stricter punishments exist for
amounts exceeding an ounce,
possession on school grounds,
or subsequent violations or for sale or cultivation.
If the offender is under the age of 21, his or her driver’s license may be suspended for up to one year
On November 7, 2000, Proposition 36 was passed by 61-39 percent.
The proposition allowed first and second time non-violent simple drug possession offenders the option to receive drug treatment and legal probation instead of incarceration.
On February 23, 2009, Assembly Bill No. 390 – California: Marijuana Control, Regulation, and Education Act was introduced by California State Assembly member Tom Ammiano, a Democrat representing California’s 13th State Assembly district.
The passing of this bill would legalize marijuana in California.
This bill would also tax and regulate the cultivation and sale of marijuana.
The state’s tax collectors estimate the measure would bring in about $1.3 billion in new revenues a year plus cost savings from prisons
The bill was not approved by the Health Committee before a January 15 deadline, effectively killing the bill unless it is reintroduced this year and the process started over
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*NEW YORK*
Possession of 25 grams (0.88 ounces) or less of cannabis is a civil citation punishable by up to a $250 fine and a $100 court surcharge;
stricter punishments exist for sale, cultivation, or subsequent offenses.
If found in a public place with marijuana burning or in public view, offender can be charged with a misdemeanor, fined $500, and incarcerated up to 3 months.
First-time offenders of all marijuana possession laws and some marijuana sale laws are, with some exception, granted an automatic adjournment of their case in contemplation of dismissal (“ACD”), meaning that if the offender commits no crimes and abides by any conditions set by the court, his or her case will be automatically dismissed after 6 months
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“6 months?”
deadpan – “6 months”
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in canada, medical marijuana is legal
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in the netherlands, the possession/purchase of cannabis is tolerated in small amounts.
one can purchase cannabis in special shops (called “coffeeshops”) if one is age eighteen and over.
sale and purchase of cannabis anywhere else is illegal. cultivation and wholesale of cannabis is likewise “tolerated” in small amounts
(guidelines here are no more than five plants at home or the possession of 5 grams per adult max.).
The tolerance guidelines appear in appendix of the Opium Act.
The Opium Act states very clearly that every part of the hemp plant is banned except for the seeds – this is in accordance with many of the international treaties which the Netherlands have signed.
It is for this reason Cannabis cannot be legalized in the netherlands. thus, it remains illegal but it is “tolerated”. a recent court decision allowed a medical cannabis user to avoid legal prosecution for possession of a small number of cannabis plants; however, the state is appealing the decision.
as a high school student, i was all for the criminalization of drugs. i remember arguing effectively ‘gainst a hot hippie chick in our health class for marijuana criminalization. i feel really guilty about that now. not because of my hypocritical ideological reversal, but because i probably could’ve fucked her if i at least pretended to agree with her. also remember my generic asian friend coming to my defense with some convoluted reference to the brits forcing opium upon his fellow chinamen in order to placate them.
but back then, i was hopelessly naive. when i came across ‘crank’ on a health test, i thought that it was an accidental misspelling of ‘crack’. i’m still not quite sure what ‘crank’ refers to. powdered amphetamines perhaps? seems nasty. or maybe i’m still vulnerable to anti-drug propaganda. maybe all the secrets of the universe lie in crystal meth. then again, i don’t want to go down like tim buckley and take whatever is offered to me just to prove how fearless i am.
as joseph ingrained in me from the earliest age, most everyone else wants to see me fail.
probably because i’d be so ruthlessly tyrannical if successful.
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Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act of 2013 (H.R. 499) is a federal marijuana decriminalization law that was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.[1]
The bill would do three main things.
First, it would remove marijuana from the list of federally controlled substances.[2]
Second, the bill would rename the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Marijuana, Firearms and Explosives, granting the renamed agency the authority to regulate marijuana in a similar manner to alcohol (and removing marijuana regulation authority from the Drug Enforcement Administration)
(third, the proposed law would require people and companies producing or selling marijuana to purchase permits from the government in order to do so
the purchase price of the permit would help cover the costs of federal regulation of marijuana
(the bill is structured in such a way that individual states could make their own decisions about legalizing marijuana on a ‘state level’)
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥