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*’western romance languages’ are 1 (of 2) subdivisions of a ‘proposed subdivision’ of the ‘romance languages’ based on the ‘la spezia–rimini line’*
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(they include the ‘gallo-romance’ + ‘iberian-romance’ branches as well as ‘northern italian’)
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(the subdivision is based mainly on the…)
*use of the “s” for pluralization*
*the ‘weakening’ of some ‘consonants’*
*the pronunciation of “Soft C” as /t͡s/ *
(often later /s/)
(rather than /t͡ʃ/ as in ‘italian’ + ‘romanian’)
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(but that makes the categorization highly problematic because there is a much higher lexical similarity between all dialects of ‘italian’ + ‘french’ than between ‘french’ + ‘spanish’)
(there is also a much higher (‘morphological’ / ‘orthographic’ / ‘phonetic’) similarity between ‘spanish’ + ‘italian’ dialects than between ‘italian’ + ‘french’)
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(based on ‘mutual intelligibility’, ‘dalby’ (😕dalby???🤷♂️) counts 12 languages…)
‘portuguese’
‘spanish’
‘asturian-leonese’
‘aragonese’
‘catalan’
‘galician’
‘gascon’
‘provençal’
‘gallo-wallon’
‘french’
‘franco-provençal’
‘romansh’
‘ladin’
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(this ‘classification criterion’ is however ‘problematic’, due to the much higher levels of ‘mutual intelligibility’ between ‘italic’ + ‘iberian’ languages than between either of these with ‘gallo-romance languages’)
(some classifications include ‘italo-dalmatian’…)
(…so that the resulting ‘clade’ is generally called ‘italo-western romance’)
(other classifications place ‘italo-dalmatian’ with ‘eastern romance’)
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(‘sardinian’ does not fit into either ‘western romance’ or ‘eastern romance’, and may have split off before either)
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(today the 4 most-widely spoken standardized ‘western romance languages’ are…)
‘spanish’
(c. 410 million native speakers)
‘portuguese’
(c. 220 million native speakers)
(another 45 million or so ‘2nd-language speakers’)
(mainly in ‘lusophone africa’)
‘french’
(c. 80 million native speakers)
(another 70 million or so ‘2nd-language speakers’)
(mostly in ‘francophone africa’)
‘catalan’
(c. 7.2 million native speakers)
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(many of these languages have large numbers of ‘non-native speakers’)
(this is especially the case for ‘french’, in widespread use throughout ‘west africa’ as a ‘lingua franca’)
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👈👈👈☜*“THE ROMANCE LANGUAGES”* ☞ 👉👉👉
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥