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(Hindi: हिन्दुस्तानी
Urdu: ہندوستانی,
also known as
Hindi-Urdu
historically also known as Hindavi, Dehlavi and Rekhta,
(‘hindustani’ is the lingua franca of Northern India and ‘pakistan’)
It is an Indo-Aryan language, deriving its base primarily from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi.
The language incorporates a large amount of vocabulary from Prakrit, Sanskrit (via Prakrit and Tatsama borrowings), as well as Persianand Arabic (via Persian).
It is a pluricentric language, with two official forms, Modern Standard Hindi and Modern Standard Urdu,[10] which are its standardised registers.
According to Ethnologue’s 2017 estimates Hindustani is the 3rd most spoken language in the world, with approximately 329.1 million native speakers and 697.4 million total speakers.
The colloquial registers are mostly indistinguishable and even though the official standards are nearly identical in grammar, they differ in literary conventions and in academic and technical vocabulary, with Urdu adopting stronger Persian and Arabic influences, and Hindi relying more heavily on Sanskrit.
(before the partition of India, the terms Hindustani, Hindi and Urdu were synonymous; they all covered what would be mostly called Hindi and Urdu today)
The term Hindustani is still used for the colloquial language and the lingua franca of North India and Pakistan,
(for example – for the language of ‘bollywood films’ – as well as for several languages of the ‘hindi-urdu belt’ spoken outside the Indian subcontinent, such as Fijian Hindi of Fiji and the Caribbean Hindustani of Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, and the rest of the ‘caribbean’)
(‘hindustani’ is also spoken by a small # of people in ‘mauritius’ + ‘south africa’)
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