___*AKA*___
*modern standard mandarin*
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*standard mandarin*
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*Modern Standard Mandarin Chinese*
(MSMC)
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(or simply mandarin)
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*’standard chinese’ is a standard variety of ‘chinese’ that is the sole official language of ‘china’*
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the ‘de facto official language’ of ‘taiwan’
(and also one of the 4 official languages of ‘singapore’*)
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Its pronunciation is based on the Beijing dialect,
its vocabulary on the Mandarin dialects,
and its grammar is based on written vernacular Chinese.
Like other varieties of Chinese, Standard Chinese is a tonal language with topic-prominent organization and subject–verb–object word order.
It has more initial consonants but fewer vowels, final consonants and tones than southern varieties.
Standard Chinese is an analytic language, though with many compound words.
There are two standardised forms of the language,
namely Putonghua in Mainland China
and Guoyu in Taiwan.
Aside from a number of differences in pronunciation and vocabulary,
Putonghua is written using simplified Chinese characters
(plus Hanyu Pinyin romanization for teaching),
and Guoyu is written using traditional Chinese characters
(plus Zhuyin for teaching).
(many characters are identical between the 2 systems)
.
“hanyu”
“tao”
(way)
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(汉语/漢語; Hànyǔ or 中文; Zhōngwén)
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(“chinese” is a group of related but in many cases ‘mutually unintelligible language varieties’, forming a ‘branch’ of the ‘sino-tibetan language family’)
(‘chinese’ is spoken by the ‘han’ majority and many other ethnic groups in ‘china’)
(nearly 1.2 billion people (around 16% of the world’s population) speak some form of ‘Chinese’ as their first language)
(the varieties of ‘Chinese’ are usually described by native speakers as dialects of a single ‘chinese language’, but linguists note that they are as diverse as a language family)
(the internal diversity of ‘Chinese’ has been likened to that of the ‘romance languages’, but may be even more varied)
(there are between 7 and 13 main regional groups of ‘Chinese’ (depending on classification scheme), of which the most spoken by far is ‘Mandarin’ (about 960 million), followed by ‘Wu’ (80 million), ‘Yue’ (60 million) and ‘Min’ (70 million))
(most of these groups are mutually unintelligible, although some, like ‘Xiang’ and certain ‘Southwest Mandarin’ dialects, may share common terms and some degree of intelligibility)
(all varieties of ‘Chinese’ are ‘tonal’ + ‘analytic’)
.
(‘Standard Chinese’ (Putonghua/Guoyu/Huayu) is a standardized form of ‘spoken chinese’ based on the ‘Beijing dialect’ of ‘Mandarin’)
(it is the official language of ‘China’ and ‘Taiwan’, as well as 1 of 4 official languages of ‘Singapore’)
(it is 1 of the 6 official languages of the ‘United Nations’)
(the written form of the standard language (中文; Zhōngwén), based on the logograms known as ‘chinese characters’ (汉字/漢字; Hànzì), is shared by literate speakers of otherwise unintelligible dialects)
(of the other varieties of Chinese, ‘Cantonese’ (the prestige variety of Yue) is influential in ‘Guangdong’ province, is the principal spoken language in neighboring ‘Hong Kong’ and ‘Macau’, and is widely spoken among overseas communities)
(‘southern min’ (part of the ‘min’ group) is widely spoken in southern ‘fujian’, in neighboring ‘taiwan’ (‘taiwanese’ / ‘hoklo’) and in ‘southeast asia’ (‘hokkien’))
(‘hakka’ also has a sizeable diaspora in ‘taiwan’ and ‘southeast asia’)
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(‘shanghainese’ + other ‘wu’ varieties are prominent in the lower ‘yangtze’ region of ‘eastern china’)
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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👈👈👈☜*“MANDARIN CHINESE”* ☞ 👉👉👉
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥