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-as of [11 MARCH 2024]–
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*ETYMOLOGIES*
(my apologies)
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*AKA* –>
“wordbook”
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[a dictionary is a ‘collection’ of ‘words’ in 1 or more specific ‘languages’, often arranged ‘alphabetically’ (or by ‘radical + stroke’ for ‘ideo-graphic languages’), which may include information on…]
‘definitions’
‘usage’
‘etymologies’
‘pronunciations’
‘translation’
ETC
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*a ‘book’ of ‘words’ in 1 ‘language’…
…with their equivalents in another*
(sometimes known as a ‘lexicon’*)
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(it is a lexicographical reference that shows inter-relationships among the data)
A broad distinction is made between general and specialized dictionaries.
Specialized dictionaries include words in specialist fields, rather than a complete range of words in the language.
Lexical items that describe concepts in specific fields are usually called terms instead of words, although there is no consensus whether lexicology and terminology are two different fields of study.
In theory, general dictionaries are supposed to be semasiological – mapping word to definition – while specialized dictionaries are supposed to be onomasiological, first identifying concepts and then establishing the terms used to designate them
In practice, the 2 approaches are used for both types
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*there are other types of dictionaries that do not fit neatly into the above distinction, for instance…*
*bi-lingual (translation) dictionaries*
*dictionaries of synonyms*
(thesauri)
‘rhyming dictionaries’
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(the word ‘dictionary’ (unqualified) is usually understood to refer to a ‘general purpose mono-lingual dictionary’)
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(there is also a contrast between prescriptive or descriptive dictionaries; the former reflect what is seen as correct use of the language while the latter reflect recorded actual use)
(stylistic indications (e.g. “informal” or “vulgar”) in many modern dictionaries are also considered by some to be less than objectively descriptive)
(although the first recorded dictionaries date back to Sumerian times (these were bilingual dictionaries), the systematic study of dictionaries as objects of scientific interest themselves is a 20th-century enterprise, called lexicography, and largely initiated by ‘ladislav zgusta’)
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(the birth of the ‘new discipline’ was not without controversy, the ‘practical dictionary-makers’ being sometimes accused by others of “astonishing” lack of ‘method’ + ‘critical-self reflection’)
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥