#1
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#2
*TRIBE OF REUEBEN*
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#3
*TRIBE OF SIMEON*
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#4
*TRIBE OF LEVI*
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#5
*TRIBE OF JUDAH*
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#6
*TRIBE OF ISSACHAR*
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#7
*TRIBE OF ZEBULUN*
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#8
*TRIBE OF DAN*
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#9
*TRIBE OF NAPHTALI*
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#10
*TRIBE OF GAD*
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#11
*TRIBE OF ASHER*
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#12
*TRIBE OF BENJAMIN*
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‘hebrew’ –> שבטי ישראל)
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(the ’12 tribes’ of ‘israel’ were the tribes said by the ‘hebrew bible’ to have descended from the patriarch ‘jacob’ (who was later named ‘israel’))
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(‘jacob’ had 12 sons + at least 1 daughter (‘dinah’) by 2 wives + 2 concubines)
According to the biblical tradition, the twelve sons fathered the twelve tribes of Israel.
Before his death, Jacob blessed or foretold the destiny of each of his sons, the editor concluding: All these are the twelve tribes of Israel. This is what their father said to them as he blessed them, blessing each with the blessing suitable to him.
Jacob elevated the descendants of Ephraim and Manasseh (the two sons of Joseph and his Egyptian wife ‘Asenath’) to the status of full tribes in their own right, replacing the tribe of Joseph.
In the Bible’s version of events, the period from conquest of the Promised Land under the leadership of Joshua, until the formation of the first Kingdom of Israel passed with the tribes forming a loose confederation, described in the book of Judges, living in the midst of the other nationalities who continued to occupy Canaan and its surrounding areas.
Modern scholarship has called into question the beginning, middle, and end of this picture.
The account of the conquest under Joshua has largely been abandoned.
The Bible’s depiction of the ‘period of the Judges’ is widely considered doubtful.
(the extent to which a united “Kingdom of Israel” ever existed is also a matter of ongoing dispute)
(living in exile in the sixth century BC, the prophet Ezekiel has a vision for the restoration of Israel which will include “the ideal reallotment of the land to the twelve tribes of Israel”)
In the Christian New Testament, the twelve tribes of Israel are referred to twice in the gospels and twice in the Book of Revelation.
(in Matthew, paralled by Luke, Jesus anticipates that in the Kingdom of God, His followers will “sit on [twelve] thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel”)
(in the vision of the writer of the “Book of Revelation”, 144,000 of all the tribes of the children of Israel were “sealed” (marked and protected), 12,000 from each tribe and in his vision of the New or Heavenly Jerusalem, the tribes’ names were written on the city gates: “the names of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel: three gates on the east, three gates on the north, three gates on the south, and three gates on the west”)
(the ten lost tribes were the ten of the twelve tribes of ancient Israel that were said to have been deported from the Kingdom of Israel after its conquest by the Neo-Assyrian Empire circa 722 BCE and subsequent exile in 587 BCE)
(claims of descent from the “lost” tribes have been proposed in relation to many groups, and some religions espouse a messianic view that the tribes will return)
(the motif of “the lost tribes” first appeared in the post-biblical era, and a number of apocryphal texts subsequently elaborated upon the theme)
(in the 7th and 8th centuries CE, the return of the lost tribes was associated with the concept of the coming of the “messiah”)
Recorded history is at variance with the legends elaborated in apocryphal texts.
Historian Tudor Parfitt has declared that “the Lost Tribes are indeed nothing but a myth”, and he writes that “this myth is a vital feature of colonial discourse throughout the long period of European overseas empires, from the beginning of the fifteenth century, until the later half of the twentieth”.
(‘Zvi Ben-Dor Benite’ states: “The fascination with the tribes has generated, alongside ostensibly nonfictional scholarly studies, a massive body of fictional literature and folktale”)
(anthropologist ‘Shalva Weil’ has documented differing tribes and peoples claiming affiliation to the “Lost Tribes” throughout the world)
Some DNA studies have refuted any connection between modern-day ethnic Jews and most of the ethnic groups proposed as possible Lost Tribe candidates.
For example, a recently published study into the genetic origins of Japanese people does not support a genealogical link.
The Scriptural basis for the idea of “10 Lost Tribes” is 2 Kings 17:6: “In the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of Assyria captured Samaria and deported the Israelites to Assyria. He settled them in Halah, in Gozan on the Habor River and in the towns of the Medes.” According to the Hebrew Bible, Jacob (who was later named Israel; Gen 35:10) had 12 sons and at least one daughter (Dinah) by two wives and two concubines. The twelve sons fathered the twelve Tribes of Israel.
When the land of Israel was apportioned among the tribes in the days of Joshua, the Tribe of Levi, being chosen as priests, did not receive land (Joshua 13:33, 14:3). However, the tribe of Levi were given cities. Six cities were to be refuge cities for all men of Israel, which were to be controlled by the Levites. Three of these cities were located on each side of the Jordan River. In addition, 42 other cities (and their respective open spaces), totaling 48 cities, were given to the Tribe of Levi. (Numbers 35)
Jacob elevated the descendants of Ephraim and Manasseh (the two sons of Joseph by his Egyptian wife Asenath) (Genesis 41:50) to the status of full tribes in their own right, replacing the Tribe of Joseph (Genesis 48:5). Each received its own land and had its own encampment during the 40 years of wandering in the desert
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Thus, the two divisions of the tribes are:
Traditional division:
Reuben
Simeon
Levi
Judah
Issachar
Zebulun
Dan
Naphtali
Gad
Asher
Joseph
Benjamin
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Division according to apportionment of land in Israel:
Reuben
Simeon
Judah
Issachar
Zebulun
Dan
Naphtali
Gad
Asher
Benjamin
Ephraim (son of Joseph)
Manasseh (son of Joseph)
(‘Levi’ (no territorial allotment, except a number of cities located within the territories of the other tribes))
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According to the Bible, the Kingdom of Israel (or Northern Kingdom) was one of the successor states to the older United Monarchy (also called the Kingdom of Israel), which came into existence in about the 930s BCE after the northern Tribes of Israel rejected Solomon’s son Rehoboam as their king.
Nine landed tribes formed the Northern Kingdom: the tribes of Reuben, Issachar, Zebulun, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Ephraim and Manasseh.
In addition, some members of Tribe of Levi, who had no land allocation, were found in the Northern Kingdom.
The Tribes of Judah and Benjamin remained loyal to Rehoboam, and formed the Kingdom of Judah (or Southern Kingdom).
Members of Levi and the remnant of Simeon were also found in the Southern Kingdom.
According to 2 Chronicles 15:9, members of the tribes of Ephraim, Manasseh and Simeon “fled” to Judah during the reign of Asa of Judah (c. 911 – 870 BCE).
Whether these groups were absorbed into the population or remained distinct groups, or returned to their tribal lands is not indicated.
(in c. 732 BCE, the Assyrian king, Tiglath-Pileser III sacked Damascus and Israel, annexing Aramea and territory of the tribes of Reuben, Gad and Manasseh in Gilead including the desert outposts of Jetur, Naphish, and ‘Nodab’)
People from these tribes, including the Reubenite leader, were taken captive and resettled in the region of the Khabur River system in Assyria/Mesopotamia.
Tiglath-Pilesar also captured the territory of Naphtali and the city of Janoah in Ephraim and an Assyrian governor was placed over the region of Naphtali.
According to 2 Kings 16:9 and 15:29, the population of Aram and the annexed part of Israel was deported to Assyria.
Israel continued to exist within the reduced territory as an independent kingdom subject to Assyria until around 725-720 BCE, when it was again invaded by Assyria and the rest of the population deported.
The Bible relates that the population of Israel was exiled, leaving only the Tribe of Judah, the Tribe of Simeon (that was “absorbed” into Judah), the Tribe of Benjamin and the people of the Tribe of Levi who lived among them of the original Israelites tribes in the southern Kingdom of Judah.
However, Israel Finkelstein estimated that only a fifth of the population (about 40,000) were actually resettled out of the area during the two deportation periods under Tiglath-Pileser III, Shalmaneser V and Sargon II.
Many also fled south to Jerusalem, which appears to have expanded in size fivefold during this period, requiring a new wall to be built, and a new source of water (Siloam) to be provided by King Hezekiah.
Furthermore, 2 Chronicles 30:1-11 explicitly mentions northern Israelites who had been spared by the Assyrians—in particular, members of Dan, Ephraim, Manasseh, Asher and Zebulun—and how members of the latter three returned to worship at the Temple in Jerusalem at that time.
(2 Kings 17:34 says of the newly exiled Israelites that were in Assyria: “To this day they persist in their former practices. They neither worship Yahweh nor adhere to the decrees and regulations, the laws and commands that Yahweh gave the descendants of Jacob, whom he named ‘Israel'”)
(the medieval rabbi and biblical commentator David Kimhi explains that this is in reference to the tribes that were exiled, and that they remained in their ways, neither accepting a monotheistic God nor in adhering to any of the laws and regulations that were common to all jews)
The Hebrew Bible does not use the phrase “ten lost tribes”, leading some to question the number of tribes involved.
(1 Kings 11:31 states that the kingdom would be taken from ‘solomon’ and ten tribes given to ‘jeroboam’)
And he said to ‘jeroboam’, Take thee 10 pieces: for thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel, Behold, I will rend the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon, and will give 10 tribes to thee.
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but I will take the kingdom out of his son’s hand, and will give it unto thee, even 10 tribes.
— 1 Kings 11:31
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥