(i/ɑːrˈkiːə/ or /ɑːrˈkeɪə/ ar-kee-ə or ar-kay-ə)
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*ARK KEEYA*
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(plural – ‘archaea’)
(singular – ‘archaeon’)
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(the archaea constitute a ‘domain’ + ‘kingdom’ of ‘single-celled micro=organisms’)
(these microbes are ‘prokaryotes’, meaning that they have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles in their ‘cells’)
(‘archaea’ were initially classified as ‘bacteria’, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the ‘Archaebacteria’ kingdom), but this classification is outdated)
(archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from the other two domains of life, ‘Bacteria’ and ‘Eukaryota’)
(the ‘archaea’ are further divided into multiple recognized ‘phyla’)
(classification is difficult because the majority have not been isolated in the laboratory and have only been detected by analysis of their ‘nucleic acids’ in samples from their environment)
(‘archaea’ and ‘bacteria’ are generally similar in size and shape, although a few ‘archaea’ have very strange shapes, such as the flat and square-shaped cells of “haloquadratum walsbyi”)
(despite this morphological similarity to ‘bacteria’, ‘archaea’ possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of ‘eukaryotes’, notably the ‘enzymes’ involved in ‘transcription’ and ‘translation’)
(other aspects of ‘archaeal biochemistry’ are unique, such as their reliance on ether ‘lipids’ in their ‘cell membranes’, including ‘archaeols’)
(‘archaea’ use more energy sources than ‘eukaryotes’: these range from ‘organic compounds’, such as ‘sugars’, to ‘ammonia’, ‘metal ions’, or even ‘hydrogen gas’)
(salt-tolerant ‘archaea’ (the ‘haloarchaea’) use ‘sunlight’ as an energy source, and other species of ‘archaea’ fix ‘carbon’; however, unlike ‘plants’ and ‘cyanobacteria’, no known species of ‘archaea’ does both)
(‘archaea’ reproduce asexually by ‘binary fission’, ‘fragmentation’, or ‘budding’; unlike ‘bacteria’ and ‘eukaryotes’, no known species forms ‘spores’)
(‘archaea’ were initially viewed as ‘extremophiles’ living in harsh environments, such as ‘hot springs’ and ‘salt lakes’, but they have since been found in a broad range of habitats, including ‘soils’, ‘oceans’, ‘marshlands’, and the ‘human colon’, ‘oral cavity’, and ‘skin’)
(‘archaea’ are particularly numerous in the ‘oceans’, and the ‘archaea’ in ‘plankton’ may be one of the most abundant groups of organisms on the planet)
(‘archaea’ are a major part of earth’s life + may play roles in both the ‘carbon cycle’ + the ‘nitrogen cycle’)
(no clear examples of ‘archaeal pathogens’ or ‘parasites’ are known, but they are often ‘mutualists’ or ‘commensals’)
(one example is the ‘methanogens’ that inhabit human + ruminant guts, where their vast numbers aid ‘digestion’)
(‘methanogens’ are also used in ‘bio-gas production’ + ‘sewage treatment’, and enzymes from ‘extremophile archaea’ that can endure high temperatures and organic solvents are exploited in ‘bio-technology’)
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥