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-as of [2 MARCH 2024]–
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.-[cancer] is a group of diseases involving ‘abnormal cell growth’ with the potential to ‘invade’ or ‘spread to’ other parts of the [body]-
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(not all ‘tumors’ are ‘cancerous’)
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(‘benign tumors’ do not spread to other parts of the body)
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(possible ‘signs’ + ‘symptoms’ include…)
‘lump’
‘abnormal bleeding’
‘prolonged cough’
‘unexplained weight loss’
‘change in bowel movements’
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(while these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes)
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*over 100 cancers affect humans*
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(‘tobacco use’ is the cause of about 22% of ‘cancer deaths’)
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(another 10% is due to…)
‘obesity’
‘poor diet’
‘lack of physical activity’
‘drinking alcohol’
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(other factors include…)
‘certain infections’
*exposure to ‘ionizing radiation’*
‘environmental pollutants’
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(in the ‘developing world’, nearly 20% of cancers are due to infections such as ‘hepatitis B’, ‘hepatitis C’, and ‘human papillomavirus’ (HPV))
(these factors act, at least partly, by changing the ‘genes’ of a ‘cell’)
(typically many genetic changes are required before cancer develops)
(approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person’s parents)
(‘cancer’ can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or ‘screening tests’)
(it is then typically further investigated by ‘medical imaging’ and confirmed by ‘biopsy’)
(many cancers can be prevented by ‘not smoking’, ‘maintaining a healthy weight’, ‘not drinking too much alcohol’, ‘eating plenty of vegetables’, ‘fruits’, and ‘whole grains”, ‘vaccination against certain infectious diseases’, ‘not eating too much processed and red meat’, and ‘avoiding too much sunlight exposure’)
(early detection through ‘screening’ is useful for ‘cervical’ and ‘colorectal’ cancer)
(the benefits of ‘screening’ in ‘breast cancer’ are controversial)
(‘cancer’ is often treated with some combination of ‘radiation therapy’, ‘surgery’, ‘chemotherapy’, and ‘targeted therapy’)
(‘pain’ and ‘symptom’ management are an important part of care)
(‘palliative care’ is particularly important in people with ‘advanced disease’)
(the chance of survival depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment)
(in children under 15 at diagnosis the ‘five-year survival rate’ in the ‘developed world’ is on average 80%)
(for ‘cancer’ in the USA the average five-year survival rate is 66%)
(in 2012 about 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globally (not including ‘skin cancer’ other than ‘melanoma’))
(it caused about 8.2 million deaths or 14.6% of human deaths)
(the most common types of ‘cancer’ in males are ‘lung cancer’, ‘prostate cancer’, ‘colorectal cancer’, and ‘stomach cancer’)
(in females, the most common types are ‘breast cancer’, ‘colorectal cancer’, ‘lung cancer’, and ‘cervical cancer’)
(if ‘skin cancer’ other than ‘melanoma’ were included in total new cancers each year it would account for around 40% of cases)
(in children, ‘acute lymphoblastic leukaemia’ and ‘brain tumors’ are most common except in ‘africa’ where ‘non-hodgkin’ lymphoma occurs more often)
(in 2012, about 165,000 children under 15 years of age were diagnosed with ‘cancer’)
(the risk of ‘cancer’ increases significantly with age and many cancers occur more commonly in ‘developed countries’)
(rates are increasing as more people live to an old age and as lifestyle changes occur in the ‘developing world’)
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(the financial costs of ‘cancer’ were estimated at $1.16 trillion US dollars per year as of ‘2010’)
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥