*as of ‘16 OCTOBER 2023’*
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[‘comix’ is a ‘medium’ used to express ‘ideas’ by ‘images’, often combined with ‘text’ or other ‘visual information’]
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(“comics” frequently takes the form of ‘juxtaposed sequences’ of ‘panels’ of ‘images’)
(often textual devices such as ‘speech balloons’, ‘captions’, and ‘onomatopoeia’ indicate ‘dialogue’, ‘narration’, ‘sound effects’, or other information)
(‘size’ + ‘arrangement’ of panels contribute to ‘narrative pacing’)
(‘cartooning’ + similar forms of illustration are the most common ‘image-making means’ in comics; fumetti is a form which uses ‘photographic images’)
(common forms of ‘comics’ include ‘comic strips’, ‘editorial’ and ‘gag’ cartoons, and ‘comic books’)
(since the late 20th century, bound volumes such as ‘graphic novels’, ‘comic albums’, and tankōbon have become increasingly common, and ‘online webcomics’ have proliferated in the ’21st century’)
(the history of ‘comics’ has followed different paths in different cultures)
(scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the ‘lascaux cave paintings’)
(by the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the ‘united states’, ‘western europe’ (especially in ‘france’ and ‘belgium’), and ‘japan’)
(the history of ‘european comics’ is often traced to rodolphe töpffer’s cartoon strips of the ‘1830s’, and became popular following the success in the ‘1930s’ of ‘strips’ and ‘books’ such as the adventures of tintin)
(american ‘comics’ emerged as a ‘mass medium’ in the ‘early 20th century’ with the advent of ‘newspaper comic strips’; ‘magazine-style comic books’ followed in the ‘1930s’, in which the ‘superhero’ genre became prominent after ‘superman’ appeared in ‘1938’)
(histories of ‘japanese comics’ and ‘cartooning’ (manga) propose origins as early as the ’12th century’)
(modern comic strips emerged in ‘japan’ in the ‘early 20th century’, and the output of ‘comics magazines’ and ‘books’ rapidly expanded in the ‘post-world war II era’ with the popularity of cartoonists such as ‘osamu tezuka’)
(‘comics’ has had a ‘lowbrow reputation’ for much of its history, but towards the end of the ’20th century’ began to find greater acceptance with the public and in ‘academia’)
(the english term comics is used as a ‘singular noun’ when it refers to the ‘medium’ and a ‘plural’ when referring to particular instances, such as ‘individual strips’ or ‘comic books’)
(though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early american newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also for ‘non-humorous works’)
(it is common in english to refer to the ‘comics’ of different cultures by the terms used in their original languages),
manga for japanese ‘comics’, or
bandes dessinées for french-language ‘comics’)
(there is no consensus amongst ‘theorists’ + ‘historians’ on a definition of ‘comics’)
(some emphasize the combination of ‘images’ + ‘text’,
some ‘sequentiality’ or other ‘image relations’,
and other historical aspects such as ‘mass reproduction’ or the use of ‘recurring characters’)
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(the increasing ‘cross-pollination’ of ‘concepts’ from different ‘comics’ cultures and eras has further made definition difficult)
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“UNCLE DONALD”
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥