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“the republic of lebanon”
(semitic root ‘ibn’ –> ‘white’)
(referring to the snow-tipped caps of mount lebanon)
“beirut”
(capital of lebanon)
“byblos”
(the “oldest city in the world”)
(occupied first between 8800BC and 7000BC)
(“Lebanon” (i/ˈlɛbənɒn/; Arabic: لبنان Libnān; Lebanese Arabic: [lɪbˈnæːn]; French: Liban), officially known as the Lebanese Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية اللبنانية al-Jumhūrīyah al-Lubnānīyah; Lebanese Arabic: [elˈʒʊmhuːɾɪjje l.ˈlɪbnæːnɪjje]), is a sovereign state in ‘Western Asia’)
(it is bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus is west across the “Mediterranean Sea”)
(Lebanon’s location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland facilitated its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity)
(at just 10,452 km2 (4,036 sq. mi.), it is the smallest recognized country on the entire mainland asian continent)
(the earliest evidence of civilization in Lebanon dates back more than seven thousand years, predating recorded history)
(“lebanon” was the home of the Canaanites / Phoenicians and their kingdoms, a maritime culture that flourished for over a thousand years (c. 1550–539 BC))
(in 64 BC, the region came under the rule of the Roman Empire, and eventually became one of the Empire’s leading centers of “christianity”)
(in the “Mount Lebanon” range a monastic tradition known as the ‘Maronite Church’ was established)
(as the “Arab Muslims” conquered the region, the Maronites held onto their religion and identity)
(however, a new religious group, the ‘Druze’, established themselves in ‘Mount Lebanon’ as well, generating a religious divide that has lasted for centuries)
(during the Crusades, the Maronites re-established contact with the Roman Catholic Church and asserted their communion with ‘rome’)
(the ties they established with the Latins have influenced the region into the modern era)
(the region eventually was ruled by the “Ottoman Empire” from 1516 to 1918)
(following the collapse of the empire after World War I, the five provinces that constitute modern Lebanon came under the ‘French Mandate of Lebanon’)
(the French expanded the borders of the ‘Mount Lebanon Governorate’, which was mostly populated by ‘Maronites’ and ‘Druze’, to include more ‘muslims’)
(‘lebanon’ gained independence in 1943, establishing a unique political system – ‘confessionalism’ – a ‘consociationalism’ type of power-sharing mechanism based on religious communities)
(‘Bechara El Khoury’, President of Lebanon during the independence, Riad El-Solh, first Lebanese prime minister and Emir Majid Arslan II, first Lebanese minister of defence, are considered the founders of the modern ‘Republic of Lebanon’ and are national heroes for having led the country’s independence)
(foreign troops withdrew completely from Lebanon on 31 December 1946)
(‘lebanon’ has been a member of the “organisation internationale de la francophonie” since 1973)
(despite its small size, the country has developed a well-known culture and has been highly influential in the Arab world)
(before the “Lebanese Civil War” (1975–1990), the country experienced a period of relative calm and renowned prosperity, driven by tourism, agriculture, commerce, and banking)
(because of its financial power and diversity in its heyday, Lebanon was referred to as the “Switzerland of the East” during the 1960s, and its capital, Beirut, attracted so many tourists that it was known as “the Paris of the Middle East”)
23 OCTOBER 1983:
“Lebanese Civil War”
(the U.S. Marines barracks in beirut is hit by a truck bomb, killing 241 U.S. military personnel)
(a french army barracks in ‘lebanon’ is also hit that same morning, killing 58 troops)
(at the end of the war, there were extensive efforts to revive the economy and rebuild national infrastructure)
(in spite of these troubles, ‘lebanon’ has the highest Human Development Index and GDP per capita in the ‘arab world’, to the exclusion of the oil-rich economies of the ‘persian gulf’)
“the republic of lebanon”
(semitic root ‘ibn’ –> ‘white’)
(referring to the snow-tipped caps of mount lebanon)
beirut
(capital of lebanon)
“byblos”
(the “oldest city in the world”)
(occupied first between 8800BC and 7000BC)
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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👈👈👈☜*MODERN NATIONS OF ‘THE MIDDLE EAST’* ☞ 👉👉👉
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥