PSILOCYBIN

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-as of [21 DECEMBER 2023]–

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-[TREHOUSE] LINK-

(do they contain psilocybin?)

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*GROW SHROOMS*
(modus operandi)

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“OUR EXPERIENCES”

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*POTENTIAL BENEFITS*

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*POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS*

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*MECHANISM OF ACTION*

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*LEGAL STATUS*

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*LETHAL DOSE*

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*COST*

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*POPULARITY*

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*HISTORY*

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*ROOTS*

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(‘synthetic’? or ‘natural’?)
(OR IS EVERYTHING “NATURAL”)
(EVEN THE “MAN-MADE”)
(for ‘men’ naturally ‘make’)

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“magic mushrooms”

also known as psychedelic mushrooms

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[“psilocybin mushrooms” are ‘mushrooms’ that contain the ‘psychedelic’ compounds “psilocybin” + “psilocin”]

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(“psilocybin” (/ˌsɪləˈsaɪbɪn/ sil-ə-sy-bin) is a naturally-occurring ‘psychedelic compound’ produced by more than ‘200 species’ of ‘mushrooms’, collectively known as “psilocybin mushrooms”)

(as in “THC” to ‘cannabis plant’)

(the most ‘potent’ are members of the genus psilocybe, such as p. azurescens, p. semilanceata, and p. cyanescens, but ‘psilocybin’ has also been isolated from about a dozen other ‘genera’)

(as a “prodrug”, “psilocybin” is quickly converted by the body to “psilocin”, which has ‘mind-altering effects’ similar, in some aspects, to those of ‘LSD’, ‘mescaline’, and ‘DMT’)

(in general, the effects include ‘euphoria’, visual and ‘mental hallucinations’, ‘changes in ‘perception”, a ‘distorted’ sense of ‘time’ (???), and ‘spiritual experiences’, and can include possible adverse reactions such as ‘nausea’ and ‘panic attacks’)

*(all right!  what teetotaling wiki-editor added that ‘adverse’ tag???)

(aka *wiki-PC*)

(just as there are those who militantly squash out any facts seeming to ‘support’ the ‘case’ for ‘holocaust denial’)

(‘imagery’ found on ‘prehistoric murals’ and ‘rock paintings’ of modern-day ‘spain’ and ‘algeria’ suggests that human usage of ‘psilocybin mushrooms’ dates back thousands of years)

(in ‘mesoamerica’, the ‘mushrooms’ had long been consumed in ‘spiritual’ and ‘divinatory’ ceremonies before ‘spanish chroniclers’ first documented their use in the ’16th century’)

(enter ‘joe rogan’ recite his ‘stoned ape’ theory for the billionth time)
(as karina (in her best impression of ‘terence mckenna’) glows with glee from ‘beyond the grave’!)

(in a 1957 life magazine article, american ‘banker’ and ‘ethnomycologist’ ‘r. gordon wasson’ described his experiences ingesting ‘psilocybin-containing mushrooms’ during a traditional ceremony in ‘mexico’, introducing the ‘substance’ to ‘popular culture’)

(was ‘mexico’ not part of ‘popular culture’ then?)

(and ironically enough, the ones who dared scarf down the shrooms handed to them by ‘native americans’ without fear were more ‘enlightened’ then ‘we americans’ even though we could bury them in war’)

(“what racial / ethnic groups were most (‘ / least) ‘persecuted at different points in our history?)
(which ones were punished the most severely?)

(in ‘1959’, the swiss chemist ‘albert hofmann’ isolated the active principle ‘psilocybin’ from the mushroom ‘psilocybe mexicana’)

(he was ~52 years at the time)

(21 years after he ‘discovered’ LSD)
(’16 november 1938′)
(‘basel’ / ‘switzerland’)
(‘age 32’)

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(‘hofmann’ became an employee of the pharmaceutical/chemical department of ‘sandoz laboratories’ (now a subsidiary of ‘novartis’), located in ‘basel’ as a coworker with professor ‘arthur stoll’, founder and director of the ‘pharmaceutical department’)

(he began studying the medicinal plant drimia maritima (‘squill’) and the fungus ‘ergot’, as part of a program to purify and synthesize active constituents for use as ‘pharmaceuticals’)

(his main contribution was to elucidate the chemical structure of the common nucleus of the scilla glycosides (an active principal of ‘mediterranean squill’))

(while researching ‘lysergic acid derivatives’, ‘hofmann’ first synthesized ‘LSD’ on ’16 november 1938′)

(the main intention of the ‘synthesis’ was to obtain a ‘respiratory’ and ‘circulatory’ stimulant (aka ‘analeptic’) with no effects on the ‘uterus’ in analogy to ‘nikethamide’ (which is also a ‘diethylamide’) by introducing this ‘functional group’ to ‘lysergic acid’)

(it was set aside for 5 years, until ’16 april 1943′, when ‘hofmann’ decided to reexamine it)

(while re-synthesizing ‘LSD’, he accidentally touched his ‘hand’ to his ‘mouth’, ‘nose’, or possibly ‘eye’, ingesting a small amount, and discovered its powerful effects)

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he described what he felt as being:

“… affected by a remarkable restlessness, combined with a slight dizziness”

“at home I lay down and sank into a not unpleasant intoxicated-like condition, characterized by an extremely stimulated imagination”

“in a dreamlike state, with eyes closed (i found the daylight to be unpleasantly glaring), i perceived an uninterrupted stream of fantastic pictures, extraordinary shapes with intense, kaleidoscopic play of colors”

“after some two hours this condition faded away”

(‘3 days later’, on ’19 april 1943′, ‘hofmann’ intentionally ingested ‘250 micrograms’ of ‘LSD’)

(this day is now known as “bicycle day”, because he began to feel the effects of the drug as he rode home on a ‘bike’)

(this was the ‘first intentional LSD trip’)

(‘hofmann’ continued to take small doses of ‘LSD’ throughout much of his life, and always hoped to find a use for it)

(in his memoir, he emphasized it as a “sacred drug”: “i see the true importance of LSD in the possibility of providing ‘material aid’ to meditation aimed at the mystical experience of a deeper, comprehensive reality”)

(“oh, him again!  what does this ‘bloke’ keep bothering us?”)
(*so said ‘some shroomhead’*)
(that’s a new tag for me!)
(better than ‘t’!)
(oh mercy me!)

(hofmann’s employer ‘sandoz’ ‘marketed’ and ‘sold’ pure psilocybin to ‘physicians’ and ‘clinicians’ worldwide for use in ‘psychedelic psychotherapy’)

(although the ‘increasingly restrictive drug laws’ of the ‘late 1960s’ curbed ‘scientific research’ into the effects of ‘psilocybin’ and other ‘hallucinogens’, its popularity as an ‘entheogen’ (“spirituality-enhancing agent”) grew in the next decade, owing largely to the increased availability of information on how to cultivate “psilocybin mushrooms”)

(some users of the ‘drug’ consider it an ‘entheogen’ and a tool to supplement practices for ‘transcendence’, including ‘meditation’ and ‘psychonautics’)

(the ‘intensity’ and ‘duration’ of the effects of ‘psilocybin’ are ‘variable’, depending on ‘species’ or ‘cultivar’ of ‘mushrooms’, ‘dosage’, ‘individual physiology’, and ‘set’ and ‘setting’, as was shown in experiments led by ‘timothy leary’ at ‘harvard university’ in the ‘early 1960s’)

(once ingested, ‘psilocybin’ is rapidly metabolized to ‘psilocin’, which then acts on ‘serotonin receptors’ in the ‘brain’)

(the mind-altering effects of ‘psilocybin’ typically last from 2 to 6 hours, although to individuals under the influence of ‘psilocybin’;, the effects may seem to last much longer, since the drug can distort the perception of ‘time’)

(‘psilocybin’ has a low ‘toxicity’ and a relatively low ‘harm potential’, and reports of ‘lethal doses’ of the ‘drug’ are rare)

(several modern ‘bioanalytical methods’ have been adapted to rapidly and accurately screen the levels of ‘psilocybin’ in ‘mushroom samples’ and ‘body fluids’)

(since the 1990s, there has been a renewal of ‘scientific research’ into the potential ‘medical’ and ‘psychological’ therapeutic benefits of ‘psilocybin’ for treating conditions including ‘obsessive-compulsive disorder’ (OCD), ‘cluster headaches’, and ‘anxiety’ related to ‘terminal cancer’)

(‘possession’ of ‘psilocybin-containing mushrooms’ has been outlawed in most countries, and it has been classified as a “scheduled drug” by many ‘national drug laws’)

(*”of course it is!”*)

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**SKETCHES**

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|/\-*WIKI-LINK*-/\|

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☜*“TRYPTAMINE”* ☞

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* *TABLE OF CONTENTS* *

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*we won the war*