#24
(of 26)
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(the ‘consonant cluster’ /ks/ was written in ‘ancient greek’ as either chi Χ (‘western greek’) or Xi Ξ (‘eastern greek’))
(in the end, chi was standardized as /kʰ/ (/x/ in ‘modern greek’, while Xi was standardized for /ks/)
(but the ‘etruscans’ had taken over Χ from older ‘western greek’; therefore, it stood for /ks/ in ‘etruscan’ and ‘latin’)
(it is unknown whether the letters chi and xi are ‘greek inventions’, or whether they are ultimately of ‘semitic origin’)
(“chi” was placed toward the end of the ‘greek alphabet’, after the ‘semitic letters’, along with phi, psi, and omega, suggesting that it was an innovation; further, there is no letter corresponding specifically to the sound /ks/ in ‘semitic’)
(there was a phoenician letter ḥeth with a probable sound /ħ/, somewhat similar to /kʰ/, but this was adopted into ‘greek’ as first the consonant /h/, and later, the long vowel eta (Η,η), and does not seem to have been the source of greek chi)
(the phoenician letter samekh (representing /s/) is usually considered the inspiration for greek Xi, but as noted, chi had a graphically distinct shape from Xi—although it may possibly have been another variant originally based on samekh)
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(the original form of samekh may have been an ‘egyptian hieroglyph’ for the ‘djed column’, but this too is uncertain, as no intervening ‘proto-sinaitic’ form of this letter is attested)
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👈👈👈☜*“THE 26 ENGLISH LETTERS”* ☞ 👉👉👉
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