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*right-handed cartesian coordinate system*
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-as of [9 APRIL 2024]–
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-‘space’ is the boundless ‘3-dimensional extent’ in which ‘objects’ + ‘events’ have relative ‘position’ + ‘direction’–
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(‘physical space’ is often conceived in 3 linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless 4-dimensional continuum known as ‘spacetime’)
(the concept of “space” is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the ‘physical universe’)
(however, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework)
(debates concerning the nature, essence and the mode of existence of space date back to antiquity; namely, to treatises like the Timaeus of Plato, or Socrates in his reflections on what the Greeks called khôra (i.e. “space”), or in the Physics of Aristotle (Book IV, Delta) in the definition of topos (i.e. place), or in the later “geometrical conception of place” as “space qua extension” in the Discourse on Place (Qawl fi al-Makan) of the 11th-century arab polymath ‘alhazen’)
(many of these classical philosophical questions were discussed in the ‘renaissance’ and then reformulated in the ‘1600s’, particularly during the early development of ‘classical mechanics’)
(In isaac newton’s view, space was ‘absolute’—in the sense that it existed permanently and independently of whether there was any matter in the space)
(other natural philosophers, notably ‘gottfried leibniz’, thought instead that ‘space’ was in fact a collection of relations between objects, given by their ‘distance’ + ‘direction’ from one another)
(in the 18th century, the philosopher and theologian ‘George Berkeley’ attempted to refute the “visibility of spatial depth” in his “Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision”)
(later, the metaphysician ‘immanuel kant’ said that the concepts of ‘space’ and ‘time’ are not empirical ones derived from experiences of the outside world—they are elements of an already given systematic framework that humans possess and use to structure all experiences)
(‘kant’ referred to the experience of “space” in his critique of pure reason as being a subjective “pure a priori form of intuition”)
(in the 19th and 20th centuries mathematicians began to examine geometries that are ‘non-euclidean’, in which space is conceived as curved, rather than flat)
(according to ‘albert einstein’s theory’ of ‘general relativity’, ‘space’ around ‘gravitational fields’ deviates from ‘euclidean space’)
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(experimental tests of ‘general relativity’ have confirmed that ‘non-euclidean’ geometries provide a better model for the ‘shape’ of ‘space’)
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥