*as of ‘12 NOVEMBER 2023’*
.
***********************************************************************
(1775 – 1783)
*(UNITED) ‘STATES’ OVER (UNITED) ‘KINGDOM’*
***********************************************************************
(1861 – 1865)
***********************************************************************
(’25 JUNE 1950′ – ’27 JULY 1953′)
(technically still ongoing)
***********************************************************************
(1947 – 1991)
(from announcement of “truman doctrine” to collapse of “soviet union”)
***********************************************************************
***********************************************************************
***********************************************************************
***********************************************************************
***********************************************************************
***********************************************************************
.
.
********************************************
********************************************
.
.
*WIKI-LIST OF ‘AMERICAN WARS’*
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_United_States
List of wars involving the United States
Contributors to Wikimedia projects
46-59 minutes
This is a list of wars involving the United States.[1]
USA victory
USA defeat
Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)
Ongoing conflict
18th-century wars[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result for the United States and its Allies
American Revolutionary War
(1775–1783)
Location: Eastern North America, Southern North America, Gibraltar, India, Caribbean Sea, and the Atlantic
The Battle of Long Island, August 27, 1776
United States
Kingdom of France France
Canadian Auxiliaries
Spain Spanish Empire
Iroquois
Oneida
Tuscarora
Watauga Association
Catawba
Lenape
Choctaw
Dutch Republic
Mysore
Great Britain
Loyalists
Holy Roman Empire German Auxiliaries
Iroquois
Onondaga
Mohawk
Cayuga
Seneca
Cherokee
US-allied victory
Treaty of Paris (1783)
Britain recognizes the independence of the United States of America
Cherokee–American wars
(1776–1795)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Old Southwest
Abduction of Daniel Boone’s daughter by the Cherokee
United States
Choctaw Cherokee US-allied victory
Northwest Indian War
(1785–1793)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Northwest Territory
The Battle of Fallen Timbers
United States
Chickasaw
Choctaw Western Confederacy
List[show]
Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain
Kingdom of Great Britain British North America
US-allied victory
Treaty of Greenville (1795)
American occupation of the Northwest Territory
Quasi-War
(1798–1800)
Location: Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean
USS Constellation vs. L’Insurgente
United States
Co-belligerent:
Great Britain
France France
French First Republic Guadeloupe
Convention of 1800
Peaceful cessation of Franco-American alliance
End of French privateer attacks on American shipping
American neutrality and renunciation of claims by France
19th-century wars[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result for the United States and its Allies
First Barbary War
(1801–1805)
Part of the Barbary Wars
Location: Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Tripoli
Lieutenant Presley O’Bannon at Derna, April 1805
United States[2]
Sweden[2]
Sicily[2]
Malta[2]
Portugal[2]
Morocco[2] border=no Eyalet of Tripolitania[3]
Morocco Morocco[3]
Fictitious Ottoman flag 2.svg Regency of Algiers[3]
Tunis[3] US-allied victory
Tecumseh’s War
(1811)
Part of the American Indian Wars and the War of 1812
Location: Northwest River Ohio
The Battle of Tippecanoe
United States Tecumseh’s Confederacy
List[show]
US victory
War of 1812
(1812–1815)
Location: Eastern and Central North America
General Andrew Jackson stands on the parapet of his makeshift defenses as his troops repulse attacking Highlanders, by painter Edward Percy Moran in 1910.
United States
Choctaw Nation
Cherokee Nation
Creek Allies United Kingdom
British Empire British North America
The Canadas
Tecumseh’s Confederacy
List[show]
Spain Spain (1814) Inconclusive/Other Result
Treaty of Ghent
Military stalemate; both sides’ invasion attempts repulsed
Status quo ante bellum
Defeat of Tecumseh’s Confederacy
Burning of Washington including the White House and the Capitol
Creek War
(1813–1814)
Part of the American Indian Wars and the War of 1812
Location: Southern United States
The Battle of Horseshoe Bend, 1814
United States
Lower Creeks
Cherokee Nation
Choctaw Nation Red Stick Creek US-allied victory
Treaty of Fort Jackson
Second Barbary War
(1815)
Part of the Barbary Wars
Location: Mediterranean Sea and the Barbary States
Decatur’s squadron off Algiers
United States border=no Eyalet of Tripolitania
Fictitious Ottoman flag 2.svg Regency of Algiers
Tunis US victory
First Seminole War
(1817–1818)
Part of the Seminole Wars and the American Indian Wars
Location: Pensacola, Spanish Florida
Barracks and tents at Fort Brooke near Tampa Bay
United States Seminole
Spain Spanish Florida
US victory
Spain cedes Spanish Florida to the United States in the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819
The United States forcibly relocates Seminole in northern Florida to a reservation in the center of the peninsula in the Treaty of Moultrie Creek of 1823
Texas–Indian Wars
(1820–1875)
Part of the American Indian Wars and the Mexican Indian Wars
Location: Texas
A Kiowa ledger drawing depicting a battle between Southern Plains Indians and the U.S. Army during the Red River War
Spain
Mexico
Republic of Texas
United States
Choctaw Nation
Comanche US-allied victory
Extinction of many tribes in Texas, including the Karankawan, Akokisa and Bidui
Arikara War
(1823)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Missouri River
An Arikara warrior
United States
Sioux
Arikara Inconclusive/Other Result
White Peace treaty agreed by US Col Leavenworth[4]
Winnebago War
(1827)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Illinois and Michigan Territory
United States
Choctaw Nation Prairie La Crosse Ho-Chunks
with a few allies US-allied victory
Ho-Chunks cede lead mining region to the United States
Black Hawk War
(1832)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Illinois and Michigan Territory
Native women and children fleeing the Battle of Bad Axe
United States
Ho-Chunk
Menominee
Dakota
Potawatomi Black Hawks British Band
Ho-Chunk and Potawatomi allies US-allied victory
End of Native armed resistance to U.S. expansion in the Old Northwest
Black Hawk Purchase (1832)
The United States purchases Potawatomi land in the Treaty of Tippecanoe (1832)
The United States purchases the rest of Potawatomi land west of the Mississippi River in the Treaty of Chicago (1833)
Texas Revolution
(1835–1836)
Location: Texas
Fall of the Alamo
Republic of Texas
United States
Out of the Texan soldiers serving from January through March 1836, 78% had arrived from the United States after October 2, 1835.[Note 1][5]
Mexican Republic Texan victory
The Republic of Texas gains its independence.
Texas is annexed into the United States in 1845.
Second Seminole War
(1835–1842)
Part of the Seminole Wars and the American Indian Wars
Location: Florida, United States
U.S. Marines search for Seminoles in the Everglades
United States Seminole US victory
Approximately 3,800 Seminoles transported to the Indian Territory
Approximately 300 remain in Everglades
Mexican–American War
(1846–1848)
Location: Texas, New Mexico, California and Mexico
2nd Dragoons charge the enemy at the Battle of Resaca de la Palma, 1846
United States
California Republic Mexico US-allied victory
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexican Cession
Mexican recognition of US sovereignty over Texas and California (among other territories)
Cayuse War
(1847–1855)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Oregon
The Whitman Massacre.
United States Cayuse US victory
Cayuse reduced in numbers and forced to cede most of their lands
Apache Wars
(1851–1900)
Part of the Texas–Indian wars and the American Indian Wars
Location: Southwestern United States
U.S. Cavalry dash for cover while fighting Apaches, by F. Remington
United States Apache
Ute
Yavapai US victory
Apaches moved to reservations
Bleeding Kansas
(1854–1861)
Location: Kansas and Missouri
Sacking of Lawrence in 1856
Anti-slavery settlers
(Free-Staters) Pro-slavery settlers (Border Ruffians) Free-Stater victory.
Kansas admitted as a free state on January 29, 1861.
Puget Sound War
(1855–1856)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Washington
United States
Snoqualmie Nisqually
Muckleshoot
Puyallup
Klickitat
Haida
Tlingit US victory
Indians relocated to Siletz, Grand Ronde and Coast Reservations[citation needed]
Rogue River Wars
(1855–1856)
Location: Rogue Valley
United States Rogue River people US victory
Indians relocated to Siletz, Grand Ronde and Coast Reservations
Third Seminole War
(1855–1858)
Part of the Seminole Wars and the American Indian Wars
Location: Pensacola, Florida
United States Seminole US victory
By late 1850s, most Seminoles forced to leave their land; a few hundred remain deep in the Everglades on land unwanted by white settlers
Yakima War
(1855–1858)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Washington Territory
Seattleites evacuate to the town blockhouse as USS Decatur opens fire on advancing tribal forces.
United States
Snoqualmie Yakama
Walla Walla tribe
Umatilla tribe
Nez Perce tribe
Cayuse tribe US victory
Second Opium War
(1856–1859)
Part of the Opium Wars
Location: China
Palikao’s bridge, on the evening of the battle, by Émile Bayard
United Kingdom British Empire
France French Empire
United States Flag of China (1889–1912).svg Qing dynasty US victory
Treaties of Tientsin
Kowloon Peninsula and Stonecutters Island ceded to the United Kingdom as part of British Hong Kong
Utah War
(1857–1858)
Part of the Mormon wars
Location: Utah Territory and Wyoming
United States Deseret/Utah Mormons (Nauvoo Legion) Inconclusive/Other Result
Resolution through negotiation
Brigham Young replaced as governor of the territory
Full amnesty for charges of sedition and treason issued to the citizens of Utah Territory by President James Buchanan on the condition that they accept American Federal authority
Navajo Wars
(1858–1866)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: New Mexico
Fort Defiance
United States Navajo Nation US victory
Long Walk of the Navajo
Navajos moved to reservations
John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry
(1859)
Part of pre-Civil War conflicts
Location: West Virginia
Harper’s Weekly illustration of U.S. Marines attacking John Brown’s “Fort” Teresa Baine
United States Abolitionist Insurgents US victory
First and Second Cortina War
(1859–1861)
Location: Texas and Mexico
United States United States
Confederate States of America Confederate States
Mexico
Mexico Cortinista bandits US-allied victory
Paiute War
(1860)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Pyramid Lake, Nevada
United States Paiute
Shoshone
Bannock US victory
American Civil War
(1861–1865)
Location: Southern United States, Indian Territory, Northeastern United States, Western United States, Atlantic Ocean
The Battle of Antietam, by Kurz & Allison.
United States Confederate States
Cherokee Nation
Choctaw Nation
Chickasaw Nation
Muskogee Nation
Seminole Nation US victory
Dissolution of the Confederate States
U.S. territorial integrity preserved
Slavery abolished
Slavery in the Five Tribes of Indian Territory abolished via Reconstruction Treaties.
Beginning of the Reconstruction Era
Passage and ratification of the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution of the United States
U.S. Federal government expands further control over land and railroad rights in Indian Territory.
Yavapai Wars
(1861–1875)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Arizona
United States Yavapai
Apache
Yuma
Mohave US victory
Dakota War of 1862
(1862)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Minnesota and Dakota
The Siege of New Ulm, Minnesota on August 19, 1862
United States Dakota Sioux US victory
Colorado War
(1863–1865)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska
United States Cheyenne
Arapaho
Sioux Inconclusive/Other Result
Military and congressional hearings against John Chivington
Shimonoseki War
(1863–1864)
Location: Kanmon Straits
Capture of a Choshu battery at Shimonoseki by British sailors and marines.
British Empire
Dutch Empire
France French Empire
United States border=no Chōshū Domain US-allied victory
Chōshū pays an indemnity of $3,000,000
Snake War
(1864–1868)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Locations: Oregon, Nevada, California, and Idaho
United States Paiute
Bannock
Shoshone US victory
Powder River War
(1865)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Powder River State
United States Sioux
Cheyenne
Arapaho Native American Victory
Red Cloud’s War
(1866–1868)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Powder River State
The Fetterman Massacre
United States
Crow Nation Lakota
Cheyenne
Arapaho Lakota-allied victory
Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
Legal control of Powder River Country ceded to Native Americans
Creation of the Great Sioux Reservation (including the Black Hills)
Comanche Campaign
(1867–1875)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Western United States
Battle of Beecher Island. One soldier and three horses have fallen, while others continue to wage the battle.
United States Cheyenne
Arapaho
Comanche
Kiowa US victory
Modoc War
(1872–1873)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: California and Oregon
Engraving of soldiers recovering the bodies of the slain May 3, 1873.
United States Modoc US victory
Red River War
(1874–1875)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Texas
United States Cheyenne
Arapaho
Comanche
Kiowa US victory
End to the Texas-Indian Wars
Las Cuevas War
(1875)
Location: Texas and Mexico
Texan soldiers.
United States Mexican bandits US victory
Cattle returned to Texas
Great Sioux War of 1876
(1876–1877)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Montana, Dakota and Wyoming
Custer’s last stand at Little Bighorn.
United States Lakota
Dakota Sioux
Northern Cheyenne
Arapaho US victory
Legal control of Powder River Country ceded to the United States
Buffalo Hunters’ War
(1876–1877)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Texas and Oklahoma
United States Comanche
Apache US victory
Nez Perce War
(1877)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana
Chief Joseph’s band in the Battle of Bear Paw Mountain
United States Nez Perce
Palouse US victory
Bannock War
(1878)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Idaho, Oregon, and Wyoming
United States Bannock
Shoshone
Paiute US victory
Cheyenne War
(1878–1879)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota and Montana
Aftermath of the Battle of “The Pit.”
United States Cheyenne US victory
Sheepeater Indian War
(1879)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Idaho
United States Shoshone US victory
Victorio’s War
(1879–1881)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Mexico
United States
Mexico Apache US-allied victory
White River War
(1879–1880)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Colorado
United States Ute US victory
Pine Ridge Campaign
(1890–1891)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: South Dakota
Mass grave for the dead Lakota after the conflict at Wounded Knee Creek.
United States Sioux US victory
Garza Revolution
(1891–1893)
Location: Texas and Mexico
3rd Cavalry Troopers searching a suspected Revolutionist, 1892
Mexico
United States Garzistas US-allied victory
Yaqui Wars
(1896–1918)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Arizona and Mexico
10th Cavalry soldiers holding Yaqui prisoners at their camp in Bear Valley, January 9, 1918.
United States
Mexico Flag of the Yaqui tribe.png Yaqui
Pima
Opata US-allied victory
Second Samoan Civil War
(1898–1899)
Location: Samoa
Samoan warriors and American servicemen during the Siege of Apia in March 1899.
Samoa
United States Mataafans
Germany Inconclusive/Other Result
Allies and Rebels compromise for peace Tripartite Convention
United States acquires American Samoa
United Kingdom withdraws claim in exchange for concessions in the Solomon Islands
Germany acquires German Samoa
Mata’afa Iosefo becomes paramount chief of Samoa
Spanish–American War
(1898)
Location: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines and Guam
Teddy Roosevelt and the “Rough Riders” charge Spanish positions during the Battle of San Juan Hill.
United States
Cuban Revolutionaries
Filipino Revolutionaries Spain Spain
Cuba
Guam
Philippines
Puerto Rico
US-allied victory
Treaty of Paris
Protectorate over Cuba
Collapse of the Spanish Empire
Philippine–American War
(1899–1902)
Location: Philippines
Kurz & Allison print of the Battle of Quingua.
1899–1902
United States
Military government
1902-1906
United States
Civil government
1899–1902
Philippine Republic
Negros Republic
Zamboanga Republic
Limited Foreign Support:
Empire of Japan
Shishi
1902-1906
Flag of the Katagalugan Republic.svg Tagalog Republic
Irrenconcilables
US victory
Occupation of the Philippines
Establishment of the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands
General Emilio Aguinaldo captured
Dissolution of the First Philippine Republic
Moro Rebellion
(1899–1913)
Location: Philippines
The 8th Infantry Regiment defeat the Moros in the four-day battle of Bagsak Mountain on Jolo Island in the Philippines.
United States Moro
Remnants of the Sulu Sultanate US victory
Boxer Rebellion
(1899–1901)
Location: China
Corporal Titus, of the 14th Infantry Regiment, scaling the walls of Peking.
British Empire United Kingdom
Russia
Japan
France France
United States
Germany
Italy
Austria-Hungary Righteous Harmony Society (Boxers)
China US-allied victory
Signing of the Boxer Protocol
Provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing
20th-century wars[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result for the United States and its Allies
Crazy Snake Rebellion
(1909)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Oklahoma
Creek prisoners of war.
United States Creek US victory
Border War
(1910–1919)
Part of the Mexican Revolution
Location: Mexico–United States border
American troops of the 16th Infantry Regiment rest for the night on May 27, 1916
United States Mexico
Germany US victory
Seditionist insurgency suppressed
Permanent border wall established
Pancho Villa’s troops no longer an effective fighting force[6]
Mexican Constitutionalist faction leader Venustiano Carranza recognised as the sole leaders of the Mexican government by the United States
Negro Rebellion
(1912)
Part of the Banana Wars
Location: Cuba
USS Mississippi in Cuba
Cuba Cuba
United States Cuba Cuban PIC US-allied victory
Dissolution of the PIC
Occupation of Nicaragua
(1912–1933)
Part of the Banana Wars
Location: Nicaragua
US Marines holding a captured Sandinista flag.
United States
Nicaragua Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaraguan Liberals
Flag of Nicaragua.svg Sandinistas US-allied victory
Nicaragua occupied until 1933
Bluff War
(1914–1915)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Utah and Colorado
Prisoners of the Bluff War in Thompson, Utah, waiting to board a train for their trial in Salt Lake City.
United States Ute
Paiute US victory
Occupation of Veracruz
(1914)
Part of the Mexican Revolution
Location: Mexico
American ships at Veracruz
United States Mexico US victory
Occupation of Haiti
(1915–1934)
Part of the Banana Wars
Location: Haiti
2nd Marine Regiment in Haiti
United States
Haiti Haiti Haitian Rebels US-allied victory
Occupation of the Dominican Republic
(1916–1924)
Part of the Banana Wars
Location: Dominican Republic
US Marines in the Occupation of the Dominican Republic.
United States Dominican Republic US victory
World War I
(1914–1918)
Location: Europe, Africa, Asia, Middle East, the Pacific Islands, and coast of North and South America
Two US troops pass by dead German soldiers on a battlefield.
France
British Empire
United Kingdom
Canada
Newfoundland
Australia
New Zealand
India
South Africa
Russia
United States
Republic of China (1912–1949) China
Italy
Japan
Serbia
Montenegro
Romania
Belgium
Greece
Portugal
Brazil
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria US-allied victory
End of the German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires
Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East
Transfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powers
Establishment of the League of Nations
Russian Civil War
(1918–1920)
Location: Russia, Mongolia, and Iran
US troops march through Russia before the Battle of Romanovka.
Russia White Movement
British Empire
United Kingdom
Canada
Australia
India
South Africa
United States
France France
Japan
Czechoslovakia
Greece
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Italy
Republic of China (1912–1949) China
Russian SFSR
Far Eastern Republic
Latvian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
Commune of Estonia
Mongolian Communists Bolshevik victory
Allied withdrawal from Russia
Bolshevik victory over White Army
Last Indian Uprising
(1923)
Part of the American Indian Wars
Location: Utah
Ute and Paiute prisoners of war.
United States Ute
Paiute US victory
World War II
(1939–1945)
Location: Europe, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Middle East, Mediterranean, North Africa, Oceania, North and South America
U.S. Army Soldiers advancing at dawn in the cover of a M4 Sherman tank, during the Battle of Bougainville, 1944.
Soviet Union
United States
United Kingdom
China
France
Poland
Canada
Australia
New Zealand
India
South Africa
Yugoslavia
Greece
Denmark
Norway
Netherlands
Belgium
Luxembourg
Czechoslovakia
Brazil
Mexico
Chile
Peru
Ethiopia
Mongolia
Philippines
North Vietnam Viet Minh
Korea KLA Germany
Japan
Italy
Hungary
Romania
Bulgaria
Slovakia
Croatia
Albania
Finland
Thailand
Manchukuo
Mengjiang US-allied victory
Collapse of the Third Reich
Fall of Japanese and Italian Empires
Creation of the United Nations
Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers
Beginning of the Cold War
Operation Beleaguer
(1945-1949)
Location: Hopeh and Shantung Provinces, China
Marines in Tsingtao during Operation Beleaguer.
United States China Communist Party of China US Victory
Occupation of Hopeh and Shantung provinces
Japanese and Koreans repatriated
American and other foreign nationals evacuated
Korean War
(1950–1953)
Part of the Cold War
Location: Korea
American soldiers in the Korean War with the Browning M1919A6 LMG.
South Korea
United States
United Kingdom
Australia
Belgium
Canada
France
Philippines
Colombia
Ethiopia
Greece
Luxembourg
Netherlands
New Zealand
Spain
South Africa
Thailand
Turkey
North Korea
China
Soviet Union Inconclusive/Other Result
Korean Armistice Agreement
North Korean invasion of South Korea repelled
Subsequent United Nations invasion of North Korea repelled
Subsequent Chinese-North Korean invasion of South Korea repelled
Laotian Civil War
(1953–1975)
Part of the Indochina Wars and Cold War
Location: Laos
A U.S. Air Force Bell UH-1P from the 20th Special Operations Squadron “Green Hornets” at a base in Laos, 1970.
Kingdom of Laos
United States
South Vietnam
Thailand
Supported by:
Philippines
Taiwan Laos Pathet Lao
North Vietnam
Supported by:
Soviet Union
China Pathet Lao-allied victory
Establishment of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
First Taiwan Straits Crisis
(1951)
Location: Strait of Taiwan
Taiwan Republic of China
United States United States China People’s Republic of China People’s Republic of China victory
PRC seizes the Yijiangshan and Dachen Islands
Lebanon Crisis
(1958)
Location: Lebanon
US Marine sits in a foxhole and points his machine gun toward Beirut.
Lebanon
United States Lebanon Lebanese Opposition:
INM
LCP
PSP
US-allied victory
US-Lebanese occupation of the port and international airport of Beirut
Bay of Pigs Invasion
(1961)
Part of the Cold War
Location: Cuba
Cuba CDRF
United States Cuba Cuban government victory
Simba rebellion, Operation Dragon Rouge
(1964)
Part of the Congo Crisis and the Cold War
Location: Congo
Congo-Léopoldville
Belgium
United States Simba rebels
Uganda[7] US-allied victory
Vietnam War
(1955–1964[a], 1965–1973[b], 1974–1975[c])
Part of the Cold War and Indochina Wars
Location: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos
1st Cavalry Division, Battle of Ia Drang, 1965.
South Vietnam
United States
South Korea
Australia
New Zealand
Thailand
Philippines
Laos
Cambodia Khmer Republic North Vietnam
Viet Cong
Laos Pathet Lao
Khmer Rouge
China
Soviet Union
North Korea North Vietnamese-allied victory
Withdrawal of American forces from Indochina
Dissolution of the Republic of Vietnam
Communist governments take power in South Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia
Reunification of Vietnam[8]
Communist insurgency in Thailand
(1965–1983)
Part of the Cold War
Location: Thailand
Ta Ko Bi Cave, a former hideout used by communist rebels.
Thailand
Taiwan (until July 1967)
United States
Malaysia Communist Party of Thailand
Pathet Lao
Khmer Rouge (until 1978)[9][10]
Supported by:
North Vietnam (until 1976)
Vietnam (from 1976)
People Republic of China (1971–1978)
Malayan Communist Party
North Korea[10]
US-allied victory
Amnesty declared on April 23, 1980 by the Thai government
Order 66/2523 signed by Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanonda
Communist insurgency declines and ends in 1983
Korean DMZ Conflict
(1966–1969)
Part of the Korean conflict and the Cold War
Location: Korean Demilitarized Zone
ROK and US troop stationed at the DMZ, 1967.
South Korea
United States North Korea US-allied victory
North Korean failure to launch an insurgency in South Korea
Dominican Civil War
(1965–1966)
Location: Dominican Republic
US soldiers push a child underneath a Jeep to protect him during a firefight in Santo Domingo on May 5, 1965.
Dominican Loyalists
United States
IAPF
Brazil
Paraguay
Nicaragua
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Honduras
Dominican Constitutionalists US-allied victory
Fall of the Bosch regime
Joaquín Balaguer elected as the new president
Insurgency in Bolivia
(1966–1967)
Part of the Cold War
Location: Bolivia
Bolivia
United States
Seal of the Central Intelligence Agency.svg CIA
Ejército de Liberación Nacional
Cuba US-allied victory
Che Guevara captured and executed
Cambodian Civil War
(1967–1975)
Part of the Cold War
Location: Cambodia
US troops and tanks entering town in Cambodia.
Kingdom of Cambodia (1967–1970)
Khmer Republic (1970–1975)
United States
South Vietnam
Other Supports
Australia
Canada
France
Thailand
National United Front of Kampuchea
Khmer Rouge
Khmer Rumdo
Khmer Việt Minh
North Vietnam
Việt Cộng
Other Supports
China
Czechoslovakia
Soviet Union
Khmer Rouge-allied victory
Fall of the Kingdom of Cambodia
Creation but eventual collapse of the Khmer Republic
Creation of the Democratic Kampuchea
Beginning of the Cambodian genocide
War in South Zaire
(1978)
Part of the Cold War
Location: Zaire
Zaire
France
Belgium
United States
Morocco State of Katanga Front for the National Liberation of the Congo
Supported by:
Angola Angola
Cuba
Soviet Union
US-allied victory
Thousands of civilians evacuated from Kolwezi
Gulf of Sidra encounter
(1981)
Location: Gulf of Sidra
United States Libya US victory
Deterioration of US-Libyan relations
Multinational Intervention in Lebanon
(1982–1984)
Location: Lebanon
US Marines on patrol in Beirut, April 1983
Lebanese Armed Forces
UNIFIL
Multinational Force in Lebanon:
United States
France
Italy
Israel
Lebanese Front
Army of Free Lebanon
SLA
Lebanese National Movement
Jammoul
PLO
Amal Movement
Iran
Flag of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution.svg Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
Hezbollah
Islamic Jihad Organization
Islamic Unification Movement
Syria
Arab Deterrent Force
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
United Arab Emirates
Libya
South Yemen
Middle eastern militias victory
Multinational forces fail to prevent collapse of Lebanese Army into Syrian- or Israeli- supported militias[11][12]
Multinational forces evacuated after the US embassy and US Marine barracks are bombed by the Islamic Jihad Organization
Multinational forces oversee withdrawal of Palestine Liberation Organization
Humanitarian crisis in Southern Lebanon
Civil war continues until 1990
President Hafez al-Assad continues his occupation of Lebanon until his son and later president Bashar al-Assad orders a withdrawal from the country
Invasion of Grenada
(1983)
Part of the Cold War
Location: Grenada
American soldiers in mortar positions in Grenada.
United States
Barbados
Jamaica
Antigua and Barbuda
Dominica
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Grenada PRG of Grenada
Cuba
Military advisors:
List[show]
US-allied victory
Military dictatorship of Hudson Austin deposed
Defeat of Cuban military presence
Restoration of constitutional government
Action in the Gulf of Sidra
(1986)
Location: Gulf of Sidra
Libyan corvette obliterated after attempting to fire on US forces
United States Libya Libya US victory
Bombing of Libya
(1986)
Location: Libya
USAF F-111 taking off for Libya
United States Libya Libya US victory
Failed Libyan Scud missile response
Muammar Gaddafi survives
Tanker War
(1987–1988)
Location: Persian Gulf
Iranian frigate Sahand after being attacked by U.S. aircraft.
United States Iran US victory
U.S. Navy sinks several ships and damages Iranian military installations used to attack U.S. and U.S. allied civilian shipping
U.S. Navy vessel USS Vincennes shoots down civilian Iran Air Flight 655 killing all 290 passengers, among them 66 children
Iran–Iraq War ends in August 1988 following UN enforcement of the ceasefire
Tobruk encounter
(1989)
Location: Mediterranean Sea
Gun camera depicting the last remaining MiG-23 fighters exploding after being shot down.
United States Libya US victory
Two Libyan MiG-23 fighters shot down
Invasion of Panama
(1989–1990)
Location: Panama
U.S. troops prepare to take a neighborhood in Panama City, December 1989.
United States
Panamanian Opposition Panama US-allied victory
Dictator Manuel Noriega deposed
Gulf War
(1990–1991)
Location: Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Israel
M1 Abrams tanks of the 3rd Armored Division advance on Medina Ridge.
Kuwait
United States
United Kingdom
Saudi Arabia
France
Canada
Egypt
Syria
Qatar
Bahrain
United Arab Emirates
Oman
Bangladesh Iraq US-allied victory
Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait; Emir Jaber III restored
Sanctions against Iraq
Iraqi No-Fly Zone Enforcement Operations
(1991–2003)
Location: Iraq
A Tomahawk cruise missile is fired from an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer during Operation Desert Fox in December 1998.
United States
United Kingdom
France
Australia
Belgium
Netherlands
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
Italy Iraq US-allied victory
Periodic depletion of Iraqi air defenses
First U.S. Intervention in the Somali Civil War
(1992–1995)
Part of the Somali civil war (1991–present)
Location: Somalia
US Marines on patrol in Somalia.
United States
United Kingdom
Spain
Saudi Arabia
Malaysia
Pakistan
Italy
India
Greece
Germany
France
Canada
Botswana
Belgium
Australia
New Zealand Somalia Somali National Alliance Inconclusive/Other Result
Failure to capture SNA leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid; specific Aidid lieutenants captured
Withdrawal of U.S. forces 5 months after losses in the Battle of Mogadishu
The UN mandate saved close to 100,000 lives, before and after U.S. withdrawal
Civil war is ongoing
Bosnian War
(1992–1995)
Part of the Yugoslav Wars
Location: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Russian and American troops on a joint patrol around the Bosnian town of Zvornik on the afternoon of February 29, 1996.
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia Herzeg-Bosnia
Croatia
United States
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
France
Germany
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
Republika Srpska
Serbian Krajina
Western Bosnia US-allied victory
Dayton Accords
Internal partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Over 101,000 dead, 65,000 Bosniaks, 28,000 Serbs, 8,000 Croats[citation needed]
Deployment of NATO-led IFOR to uphold the peace agreement
High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina established to implement the peace agreement
Intervention in Haiti
(1994–1995)
Location: Haiti
US troops arrive in Haiti.
United States
Poland
Argentina Haiti US-allied victory
Reinstatement of Jean-Bertrand Aristide as president of Haiti
Kosovo War
(1998–1999)
Part of the Yugoslav Wars
Location: Serbia
Bombing of Novi Sad.
KLA
Albania AFRK
Albania
Croatia
United States
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Poland
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom FR Yugoslavia US-allied victory[13][14][15][16]
Ceasefire reached through Kumanovo Agreement of June 1999. after Russian and Finnish envoys visit Belgrade
Yugoslav forces pull out of Kosovo
UN Resolution 1244 confirming Kosovo as de jure part of FRY
De facto separation of Kosovo from FR Yugoslavia under UN administration
Return of Albanian refugees after attempted ethnic cleansing of Albanians
KLA veterans join the UÇPMB, starting the Preševo insurgency
Three Chinese journalists were killed in United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade
Operation Infinite Reach
(1998)
Location: Sudan and Afghanistan
al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan.
United States al-Qaeda
Sudan
Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
Lashkar-e-Taiba Inconclusive/Other Result
Strikes hit targets but failed objectives[17]
al-Qaeda suffers damage and casualties; however, its senior leaders survive the strikes
Al-Shifa pharmaceutical plant destroyed
^ Advisory role from the forming of the MAAG in Vietnam to the Gulf of Tonkin incident.
^ Direct U.S. involvement ended in 1973 with the Paris Peace Accords. Air Force and Special Ops continued some operations until April 1975; President Ford in a televised speech on April 23, 1975 declared the end of Vietnam War.
^ The war reignited on December 13, 1974 with offensive operations by North Vietnam, leading to victory over South Vietnam in under two months.
21st-century wars[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result for the United States and its Allies
War in Afghanistan
(2001–present)
Part of the War on Terror and the War in Afghanistan (1978–present)
Location: Afghanistan
American and British soldiers take a tactical pause during a combat patrol in the Sangin District area of Helmand Province.
Resolute Support Mission
Afghanistan
United States
Canada
United Kingdom
Australia
New Zealand
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Georgia
Germany
Italy
Romania
Spain
Turkey
Formerly:
ISAF Afghanistan Taliban
Haqqani network
Allied groups
HIG
al-Qaeda
Islamic Jihad Union[18]
IMU
Taliban splinter groups
Fidai Mahaz
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant IS-Affiliates:
Wilayat Khorasan (ISIL-K)
2001 Invasion:
Afghanistan Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
Talibani Army
Salafist extremists
055 Brigade
Ongoing
United States invasion of Afghanistan (2001)
Destruction of al-Qaeda and Taliban militant training camps (2001)
Fall of the Taliban government (2001)
Establishment of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan under the Karzai administration
Start of Taliban insurgency
Drone strikes in Pakistan
Death of Osama bin Laden in May 2011
Death of Mohammed Omar in July 2013
Over two-thirds of Al-Qaeda’s operatives killed or captured
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) disbanded in December 2014
Commencement of Resolute Support Mission in December 2014
2003 invasion of Iraq
(2003)
Part of the War on Terror
Location: Iraq
A U.S. soldier stands guard duty near a burning oil well in the Rumaila oil field, 2 April 2003.
United States
United Kingdom
Australia
Poland Iraq Iraq US-Allied Victory
Invasion and occupation of Iraq
Overthrow of Ba’ath Party government
Execution of Saddam Hussein
Iraq War
(2003–2011)
Part of the War on Terror
Location: Iraq
Soldiers from 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment conduct security before a cordon and search operation in Biaj, Iraq with their M1 Abrams Main Battle Tank.
United States
Iraq
United Kingdom
Australia
South Korea
Denmark
Italy
Georgia
Poland
Spain
Netherlands
Ukraine
Romania
MNF–I Ba’ath Loyalists
Islamic State of Iraq
al-Qaeda in Iraq
Mahdi Army
Special Groups
IAI
Ansar al-Sunnah
2003 Invasion:
Iraq Iraq
Inconclusive/other result[19]
Emergence of significant insurgency, rise of al-Qaeda in Iraq, and severe sectarian violence[20]
Subsequent reduction in violence and depletion of al-Qaeda in Iraq[21][22]
Establishment of democratic elections and formation of new Shia-led government
U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement
Withdrawal of U.S. forces from Iraq in 2011
Stronger Iranian influence in Iraq[23][dubious – discuss][24][25][26]
Escalation of sectarian insurgency after U.S. withdrawal leading to the rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the successor of al-Qaeda in Iraq[27][28]
Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)
Return of US forces to Iraq in 2014
War in North-West Pakistan
(2004–present)
Part of the War on Terror
Location: Pakistan
MQ-1 Predator drones are typically used in covert bombing operations in the Federally administered tribal regions of Pakistan
United States
Pakistan
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
al-Qaeda
Lashkar-e-Jhangvi
Turkistan Islamic Party
Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi
Daesh
Ongoing
Ongoing (low level) insurgency in the Northern tribal regions of Pakistan as well as in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Drone attacks by the United States
Subsequent reduction and possible halt of drone strikes around 2017[29]
Tribal areas merged into Pakistan, tribal law abolished and constitutional law established as of 2018.
Jundallah, Tehreek-e-Khilafat, Jamaat-ul-Ahrar and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan join ISIL
Jamaat-ul-Ahrar rejoins the TTP
Second U.S. Intervention in the Somali Civil War
(2007–present)
Part of the Somali Civil War (1991–present) and the War on Terror
Location: Somalia and Northeastern Kenya
MQ-9 Reaper commonly used in covert drone strikes in Somalia.
Somalia
United States
United Kingdom
Kenya
Ethiopia
AMISOM
United Nations
UNSOM[30]
UNSOS[30]
UNGU[30]
European Union[31]
Al-Shabaab
Hizbul Islam
Daesh
Alleged support:
Eritrea
Ongoing
Drone strikes in Somalia
Raids against al-Shabaab militants conducted by U.S. Special Operations Forces
African Union Intervention
U.S. backed Ethiopian invasion in 2006
Kenyan intervention
Newly formed federal government established in 2012
Power struggle within Al-Shabaab
Operation Ocean Shield
(2009–2016)
Part of the War on Terror
Location: Indian Ocean
A tall plume of black smoke rises from a destroyed pirate vessel that was struck by USS Farragut in March 2010.
NATO
United States
Malaysia
Norway
United Kingdom
New Zealand
Denmark
Netherlands
Italy
South Korea
India
Russia
China Somali pirates US-allied victory
Number of pirate attacks dramatically decreased
The US Office of Naval Intelligence have officially reported that in 2013, only 9 incidents of piracy were reported and that none of them were successfully hijacked[citation needed]
Piracy drops 90%[32]
International intervention in Libya
(2011)
Part of the Libyan Crisis and the First Libyan Civil War
Location: Libya
US vessels launch missiles in support of the First Libyan Civil War.
NATO
United States
United Kingdom
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Denmark
France
Greece
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Romania
Spain
Turkey
Sweden
Jordan
Qatar
United Arab Emirates
Anti-Gaddafi rebels
Libya US-allied victory
Overthrow of the Gaddafi government and the death of Muammar Gaddafi
Assumption of interim control by National Transitional Council (NTC)
Diplomatic recognition of NTC as sole governing authority for Libya by 105 countries, UN, EU, AL and AU
Post-civil war violence in Libya leading to the ongoing civil war in 2014[33]
Human trafficking and refugee crisis takes root in Libya with allegations of slavery[34][35]
Operation Observant Compass
(2011–2017)
Part of the War on Terror
Location: Uganda
U.S. Marine Sgt. Joseph Bergeron, a task force combat engineer, explains combat marksmanship tactics to a group of Ugandan soldiers.
United States
Uganda
DR Congo
Central African Republic
South Sudan Lord’s Resistance Army US-allied victory
LRA eliminated as a threat to Uganda, reduced to around 100 members[36]
LRA leader Joseph Kony remains a fugitive
Conflict remains ongoing
American-led intervention in Iraq
(2014–present)
Part of Operation Inherent Resolve, the Iraqi Civil War, the Spillover of the Syrian Civil War, the War on Terror and the International ISIS campaign
Location: Iraq
General Stephen J. Townsend observes a HIMARS strike that destroyed a building near Haditha, September 2016
United States
Iraq
Iraqi Kurdistan
Australia
New Zealand
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
France
Germany
Jordan
Morocco
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Turkey
Iran
Hezbollah
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Ongoing
Tens of thousands of ISIL fighters killed
American-led forces launch over 13,300 airstrikes on ISIL positions in Iraq
Heavy damage dealt to ISIL forces, ISIL loses 40% of its territory in Iraq by January 2016, and all of its territory in Iraq in December 2017
Multinational humanitarian and arming of ground forces efforts
200 ISIL created mass graves found containing up to 12,000 people[37]
Ongoing US-led Coalition advising and training of Iraqi and Kurdish ground forces
US maintains limited military presence in Iraq
American-led intervention in Syria
(2014–present)
Part of Operation Inherent Resolve, the Syrian Civil War, the War on Terror and the International ISIS campaign
Location: Syria
USS Ross fires Tomahawk missiles towards Shayrat Military Base, during the 2017 retaliatory strike against the Syrian government.
United States United States
Syrian Democratic Forces
Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
IFB
People’s Protection Units
Women’s Protection Units
CJTF-OIR Members:
United Kingdom
France
Australia
New Zealand
Canada
Jordan
Denmark
Netherlands
Belgium
Lebanon
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Qatar
Bahrain
Turkey
Syrian opposition Turkish-backed rebels
Israel (limited involvement; against Hezbollah and government forces only)
Formerly:
Syrian opposition Free Syrian Army (2011–2017)
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
al-Qaeda linked groups:
al-Nusra Front
Khorasan group
Tahrir al-Sham
Jaysh al-Sunna
Flag of Jund al-Aqsa.svg Jund al-Aqsa
Ahrar al-Sham
Syria (limited encounters with US and Israel)
Supported by:
Russia
Iran
Hezbollah
Ongoing
Over 11,200 American and allied airstrikes hit ISIS and other extremist groups within Syria
Thousands of ISIS targets destroyed and thousands more militants captured or killed
ISIS detainee crisis takes hold in northern Syria[38]
Chemical attack in Ghouta
American support for anti-government rebels
Deployment of U.S. Marines and Special Forces
Massive amounts of human rights violations and war crimes
Chemical attack in Khan Shaykhun results in a retaliatory naval strike on the Syrian government-controlled Shayrat Airbase
Semi-regular chemical attacks attributed to the Assad regime leads to condemnation and threats of measures to enforce the chemical weapons convention and the Geneva protocol to which Syria is a party
Various confrontations and airstrikes, including a downing of a Syrian SU-17 between the United States and Syrian government and the shoot down of a Turkish F-4 by the Syrian government
Multiple incidents between Israel and Syria, including several Syrian S-200 missiles launched toward Israeli fighter jets during an Israeli Air Force mission inside Syrian territory, and an Israeli F-16 shot down by Syrian Air Defense forces after retaliatory strikes against Iranian targets near Damascus after a Syrian drone crossed into Israeli airspace
Yemeni Civil War
(2015–present)
Part of the War on Terror and the International ISIS Campaign
Location: Yemen
U.S. Naval vessel patrolling along the coastline of Yemen enforcing the American-Saudi blockade against Iran.
Hadi government
Saudi-led Coalition:
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Senegal
Sudan
Qatar (2015–2017)
Under 1000 troops:[show]
al-Qaeda
United States (limited involvement supporting the coalition and combating al-Qaeda and ISIS)[39]
France
United Kingdom
Supreme Political Council
Houthis
Ahrar al-Najran
Supported by:
Iran
Hezbollah
North Korea
AQAP
Ansar al-Sharia
IS-affiliated groups:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Wilayah al-Yaman
Ongoing
Yemen’s capital city of Sana’a and large swaths of western Yemen falls under Houthi control
Saudi-led coalition bombs Houthi rebel positions
Aden becomes the new capital for the Hadi government
Cholera outbreak in 2016
Former Yemeni president Ali Abdullah Saleh killed in fire fight by a sniper during the ongoing battle in Sana’a
Targeted killing program against radical groups in the region continues since 2002 and intensify after the beginning of civil war
Iranian supplied, Houthi operated, ballistic missile,[40] aerial drone, and drone boat[41] attacks against Saudi Arabia,[42][43] the Hadi government,[44] and the UAE[45][46]
U.S. Naval blockade put in place in attempt to assist Saudi Arabia in preventing Iranian weapons from being moved into Houthi territory
Raids against al-Qaeda conducted U.S. Special Forces
Famine endangers over 17 million people, and kills approximately 85,000 children
American intervention in Libya
(2015–present)
Part of the Second Libyan Civil War, the War on Terror, and the International ISIS Campaign
Location: Libya
USS Wasp conducts flight operations in Operation Odyssey Lightning.
United States
Libya Islamic State in Libya US-allied Victory
Liberation of Sirte
Hundreds of airstrikes carried out in Libya against Islamic State affiliated militant groups
See also[edit]
Military history
Timeline of United States military operations
United States involvement in regime change
List of ongoing armed conflicts
References[edit]
^ These numbers are gathered from a combination of surviving muster rolls and veteran applications for land grants. It is likely that the statistics on the Texan army size in both 1835 and 1836 underestimate the number of Tejanos who served in the army. American volunteers who returned to the U.S. without claiming land are also undercounted. Lack (1992), p. 113.
^ history, Martin Kelly Martin H. Kelly is a former; Teacher, Social Studies; Books, The Author of Two History; life, one on Colonial; Tampa, the other on American Presidents He is an online course developer for the UK-based Pamoja Education company He lives in; Florida. “American Involvement in Wars from Colonial Times to the Present”. ThoughtCo. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f “Tripolitan War | Encyclopedia.com”. www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
^ Jump up to: a b c d r2WPadmin. “First Barbary War”. American History Central. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
^ Serial 89, 18th Congress, 1st Session, Senate Document No. 1, p. 95
^ Lack (1992), pp. 122–3.
^ “History: World War I”.
^ Mujaju 1987, p. 484.
^ Yun, Jiwon (2019). “Vietnam’s Politic of a Divided Nation: From the Reunification to DoiMoi (Renovation) and Its Implication for the Korean Peninsula and North Korea”. International Journal of Korean Unification Studies. 28 (1): 63–92. doi:10.33728/ijkus.2019.28.1.003. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
^ “Communist Insurgency In Thailand” (PDF). CIA Report. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b “Anatomy of a Counterinsurgency victory” (PDF). January 2007. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
^ “Statement by Deputy Press Secretary Larry Speakes”. September 23, 1982.
^ “The Collapse of Lebanon’s Army: U.S. Said to Ignore Factionalism”. March 11, 1984.
^ http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a432768.pdf
^ Cambridge Scholars Publisher (2015). Coercive Diplomacy of NATO in Kosovo. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 289–. ISBN 978-1-4438-7668-1.
^ Erlanger, Steven (November 7, 1999). “NATO Was Closer to Ground War in Kosovo Than Is Widely Realized” – via NYTimes.com.
^ Lake, Daniel R. (2009). “The Limits of Coercive Airpower: NATO’s “Victory” in Kosovo Revisited”. International Security. 34: 83–112. doi:10.1162/isec.2009.34.1.83. S2CID 57572298.
^ “The operation was essentially a failure” (Bergen 2002, p. 124)”… The highly unsuccessful Operation Infinite Reach … backfired and acted as a recruitment drive for bin Laden’s Al Qaeda” (Williams 2017, pp. 52-53).”… The failed strikes were dubbed Operation Infinite Reach … the missile attacks exposed the inadequacy of American intelligence and the futility of military power” (Wright 2006, p. 285). Zenko (2010, p. 139) judges Operation Infinite Reach to be both a political and military failure.
^ “Central Asian groups split over leadership of global jihad”. The Long War Journal. August 24, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
^ Outcome of war heavily debated
^ “Sectarian divisions change Baghdad’s image”. NBC News. July 3, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2007.
^ Petrou, Michael (September 9, 2011). “The decline of al-Qaeda”. Maclean’s. George W. Bush gambled on surging thousands more troops to the embattled country. It paid off. Al-Qaeda in Iraq is now a diminished force without territory.
^ Spencer C. Tucker (December 14, 2015). U.S. Conflicts in the 21st Century: Afghanistan War, Iraq War, and the War on Terror. ISBN 978-1-4408-3879-8. Al Qaeda in Iraq was decimated by the end of the Iraq War in 2011
^ South, Todd (January 20, 2019). “Army’s long-awaited Iraq war study finds Iran was the only winner in a conflict that holds many lessons for future wars”. Army Times. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
^ Galbraith, Peter W. (2007). The End of Iraq: How American Incompetence Created a War Without End. Simon & Schuster. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-7432-9424-9.
^ “Iran expands regional ’empire’ ahead of nuclear deal”. Reuters.
^ “How to Stop Iran’s Growing Hegemony”. National Review Online.
^ “The JRTN Movement and Iraq’s Next Insurgency | Combating Terrorism Center at West Point”. Ctc.usma.edu. Archived from the original on August 26, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
^ “Al-Qaeda’s Resurgence in Iraq: A Threat to U.S. Interests”. U.S. Department of State. February 5, 2014. Retrieved November 26, 2010.
^ “Petition asking for halt on US drone strikes in Pakistan dismissed by SC | Pakistan Today”. www.pakistantoday.com.pk. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
^ Jump up to: a b c “Service and Sacrifice: Ugandan ‘Blue Helmets’ support UN efforts to bring peace to Somalia”. UN News. April 18, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
^ Somalia, EUTM. “Home”. EUTM-Somalia. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
^ “Somali piracy is down 90 per cent from last year”. The Journal. December 15, 2013. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
^ Holmes, Oliver (January 24, 2012). “UPDATE 1-Anger, chaos but no revolt after Libya violence”. Bani Walid. Reuters Africa. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
^ African migrants sold in Libya ‘slave markets’, IOM says. BBC.
^ “Migrants from west Africa being ‘sold in Libyan slave markets'”. The Guardian.
^ Baddorf, Zack (April 20, 2017). “Uganda Ends Its Hunt for Joseph Kony Empty-Handed”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
^ “IS left 200 mass graves in Iraq – UN”. November 6, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
^ Reuters (June 15, 2019). “Belgium takes back six children of Isis fighters from Syrian camps”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
^ Press, Deb Riechmann, The Associated (April 16, 2019). “Trump vetoes measure to end US involvement in Yemen war”. Military Times. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
^ “Houthis – Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance”. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
^ “How Yemen’s Iran-backed Rebels Weaponized Drones Against Saudi Arabia”. Haaretz. May 21, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
^ “Saudi air defence intercepts five Houthi drones: SPA”. www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
^ “Arab Coalition says Iran-supplied drone shot down in southern Saudi Arabia”. The National. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
^ “Houthi drones kill several at Yemeni military parade”. Reuters. January 10, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
^ “Wreckage of UAE aid ship attacked by Houthi rebels – in pictures”. The National. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
^ “Yemen’s Houthis say they attacked Abu Dhabi airport using drone”. Reuters. July 26, 2018. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
External links[edit]
Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research (HIIK)
Conflict Barometer – Describes recent trends in conflict development, escalations, and settlements
A Continent Divided: The U.S.-Mexico War[permanent dead link], Center for Greater Southwestern Studies, the University of Texas at Arlington
Timeline of wars involving the United States, Histropedia
U.S. Periods of War and Dates of Recent Conflicts, Congressional Research Service
.
.
👈👈👈☜*“AMERICAN ARMED FORCES”* ☞ 👉👉👉
.
.
💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
.
.
*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
.
.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥