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(‘sea levels’ fell 70,000 years ago)
(allowing humans to migrate from ‘africa’ to ‘arabia’)
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-‘global’ (or ‘eustatic’) sea level has fluctuated significantly over the earth’s history-
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The main factors affecting sea level are the amount and volume of available water and the shape and volume of the ocean basins.
The primary influences on water volume are the temperature of the seawater, which affects density, and the amounts of water retained in other reservoirs like rivers, aquifers, lakes, glaciers, polar ice caps and sea ice.
Over geological timescales, changes in the shape of the oceanic basins and in land/sea distribution affect sea level.
In addition to eustatic changes, local changes in sea level are caused by tectonic uplift and subsidence.
Over geologic time sea level has fluctuated by more than 300 metres, possibly more than 400 metres.
The main reason for sea level fluctuations in the last 15 million years is the Antarctic ice sheet and Antarctic post-glacial rebound during warm periods.
The current sea level is about 130 metres higher than the historical minimum.
Historically low levels were reached during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), about 20,000 years ago.
The last time the sea level was higher than today was during the Eemian, about 130,000 years ago.
Over a shorter timescale, the low level reached during the LGM rebounded in the early Holocene, between about 14,000 and 6,000 years ago, and sea levels have been comparatively stable over the past 6,000 years.
For example, about 10,200 years ago the last land bridge between mainland Europe and Great Britain was submerged, leaving behind salt marsh.
By 8000 years ago the marshes were drowned by the sea, leaving no trace of former dry land connection.
Observational and modeling studies of mass loss from glaciers and ice caps indicate a contribution to a sea-level rise of 2 to 4 cm over the 20th century.
(based on orbital models, the cooling trend initiated about 6,000 years ago will continue for another 23,000 years)
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(it is possible, however, that a “next glacial maximum” will be reached only in about 100,000 years, with a possible warm period in ‘60,000 years’)
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥