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(/bəˈrʊndi/ or /bəˈrʌndi/)
officially the Republic of Burundi (Kirundi: Republika y’Uburundi, [buˈɾundi]; French: République du Burundi, [buʁundi] or [byʁyndi]),
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-“Burundi” is a landlocked country in the ‘African Great Lakes’ region of ‘East Africa’, bordered by ‘Rwanda’ to the north, ‘Tanzania’ to the east and south, and the ‘Democratic Republic of the Congo’ to the west-
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(it is also considered part of ‘Central Africa’)
(Burundi’s capital is ‘Bujumbura’)
(the southwestern border is adjacent to ‘Lake Tanganyika’)
(the ‘Twa’, ‘Hutu’, and ‘Tutsi’ peoples have lived in ‘Burundi’ for at least 500 years)
(for more than 200 of those years, ‘Burundi’ was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when ‘Germany’ colonised the region)
(after the ‘First World War’ and Germany’s defeat, it ceded the territory to ‘Belgium’)
(both ‘Germans’ and ‘Belgians’ ruled ‘Burundi’ and ‘Rwanda’ as a European colony known as ‘Ruanda-Urundi’)
(despite common misconceptions, ‘Burundi’ and ‘Rwanda’ had never been under common rule until the time of ‘european colonization’)
(the ‘european intervention’ exacerbated social differences between the ‘Tutsi’ and ‘Hutu’, and contributed to political unrest in the region)
(‘Burundi’ gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966)
(bouts of ‘ethnic cleansing’ and ultimately 2 civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world’s poorest)
(2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as ‘President Pierre Nkurunziza’ opted to run for a 3rd term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country’s parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticized by members of the ‘international community’)
(Burundi’s political system is that of a presidential representative democratic republic based upon a multi-party state)
(the ‘President of Burundi’ is the ‘head of state’ and ‘head of government’)
(there are currently 21 registered parties in ‘Burundi’)
(on 13 March 1992, ‘Tutsi’ coup leader ‘Pierre Buyoya’ established a constitution, which provided for a multi-party political process and reflected multi-party competition)
(6 years later, on 6 June 1998, the constitution was changed, broadening National Assembly’s seats and making provisions for 2 vice-presidents)
(because of the ‘Arusha Accord’, ‘Burundi’ enacted a transitional government in 2000)
(in ‘October 2016’, ‘Burundi’ informed the ‘UN’ of its intention to withdraw from the ‘International Criminal Court’)
(‘Burundi’ remains an overwhelmingly rural society, with just 13% of the population living in urban areas in 2013)
(the population density of around ‘315 people per square kilometre’ (753 per sq mi) is the 2nd highest in ‘Sub-Saharan Africa’)
(roughly 85% of the population are of ‘Hutu’ ethnic origin, 15% are ‘Tutsi’, and fewer than 1% are indigenous ‘Twa’ (or ‘Pygmies’))
(the official languages of ‘Burundi’ are ‘French’ and ‘Kirundi’, although ‘Swahili’ can be found spoken along the Tanzanian border)
(one of the smallest countries in ‘Africa’, ‘Burundi’ has an ‘equatorial climate’)
(‘Burundi’ is a part of the ‘Albertine Rift’, the western extension of the ‘East African Rift’)
(the country lies on a rolling plateau in the centre of ‘Africa’)
(the highest peak, ‘Mount Heha’ at 2,685 m (8,810 ft), lies to the southeast of the capital, ‘Bujumbura’)
(the source of the ‘River Nile’ is in ‘Bururi’ province, and is linked from ‘Lake Victoria’ to its headwaters via the ‘Ruvyironza River’)
(another major lake is ‘Lake Tanganyika’, located in much of Burundi’s southwestern corner)
(there are 2 national parks, ‘Kibira National Park’ to the northwest (a small region of rain forest, adjacent to ‘Nyungwe Forest National Park’ in ‘Rwanda’), ‘Ruvubu National Park’ to the northeast (along the ‘Rurubu River’, also known as ‘Ruvubu’ or ‘Ruvuvu’))
(both were established in 1982 to conserve ‘wildlife’ populations)
(Burundi’s lands are mostly ‘agricultural’ or ‘pasture’)
(settlement by rural populations has led to ‘deforestation’, ‘soil erosion’, and ‘habitat loss’)
(‘deforestation’ of the entire country is almost completely due to ‘overpopulation’, with a mere 600 km2 (230 sq mi) remaining and an ongoing loss of about 9% ‘per annum’)
(in addition to ‘poverty’, ‘Burundians’ often have to deal with ‘corruption’, ‘weak infrastructure’, ‘poor access to health and education services’, and ‘hunger’)
(‘Burundi’ is densely populated and has had substantial emigration as young people seek opportunities elsewhere)
(the ‘World Happiness Report 2017’ ranked ‘Burundi’ as the world’s 2nd least happy nation with a rank of “#154”)
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