(“lidocaine”, also known as xylocaine and lignocaine, is a medication used to numb tissue in a specific area and to treat ‘ventricular tachycardia’)
(it can also be used for ‘nerve blocks’)
(‘lidocaine’ mixed with a small amount of ‘epinephrine’ is available to allow larger doses to be used as numbing and to make it last longer)
(when used as an injectable it typically begins working within 4 minutes and lasts for half an hour to 3 hours)
(‘lidocaine’ may also be applied directly to the skin for numbing)
(common side effects with intravenous use include ‘sleepiness’, ‘muscle twitching’, ‘confusion’, ‘changes in vision’, ‘numbness’, ‘tingling’, and ‘vomiting’)
(it can cause low blood pressure and an irregular heart rate)
(there are concerns that injecting it into a joint can cause problems with the cartilage)
(it appears to be generally safe for use in pregnancy)
(a lower dose may be required in those with liver problems)
(it is generally safe to use in those allergic to ‘tetracaine’ or ‘benzocaine’)
(‘lidocaine’ is an ‘antiarrhythmic medication’ of the ‘class Ib’ type)
(‘lidocaine’ works by blocking sodium channels and thus decreasing the rate of contractions of the heart)
(when used locally as a numbing agent, local neurons cannot signal the brain)
(‘lidocaine’ was discovered in 1946 and went on sale in 1948)
(it is on the “WHO Model List of Essential Medicines”, the most important medications needed in a basic healthcare system)
(It is available as a generic medication and is not very expensive)
(in 2014, ‘lidocaine’ was US $0.45 to $1.05 wholesale per 20ml vial of medication)