-SPACE MEASUREMENTS-

-as of [26 AUGUST 2024]

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-LENGTH-
(1 dimension)

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-AREA-
(2 dimensions)

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-VOLUME-
(3 dimensions)

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*SPACE*

*the boundless 3-dimensional extent in which ‘objects’ + ‘events’ have relative ‘position’ + ‘direction’*

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“GIRTH”

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*TEXTILE MEASUREMENTS*

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*UNITS OF TEXTILE MEASUREMENT*
(wiki-link)

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(/ˈdɛniər/) or den (abbreviated D),

Denier is a unit of measure for the linear mass density of fibers, is the mass in grams per 9000 metres of the fiber

The denier is based on a natural reference:

a single strand of silk is approximately one denier;

a 9000-metre strand of silk weighs about one gram.

The term denier comes from the French denier, a coin of small value
(worth ​1⁄12 sou).

Applied to yarn, a denier was held to be equal in weight to 1⁄24 ounce (1.2 g).

Microdenier describes filaments that weigh less than 1 g per 9000 m.

There is a difference between filament and total measurements in deniers.

Both are defined as above;

but the first relates to a single filament of fiber (commonly called denier per filament (DPF)), whereas the second relates to a yarn.

Broader terms, such as fine may be applied, either because the overall yarn is fine or because fibers within this yarn are thin.

A 75-denier yarn is considered fine even if it contains only a few fibers, such as thirty 2.5-denier fibers;

but a heavier yarn, such as 150 denier, is considered fine only if its fibers are individually as thin as one denier.

The following relationship applies to straight, uniform filaments:

DPF = total denier / quantity of uniform filaments

The denier system of measurement is used on two- and single-filament fibers

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Some common calculations are as follows

1 denier = 1 g / 9000 m
= 0.11 mg/m

In practice, measuring 9000 metres is both time-consuming and unrealistic.

Generally a sample of 900 metres is weighed, and the result is multiplied by ten to obtain the denier weight.

A fiber is generally considered a microfiber if it is one denier or less.

A one-denier polyester fiber has a diameter[8] of about ten micrometres

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In tights and pantyhose, the linear density of yarn used in the manufacturing process determines the opacity of the article in the following categories of commerce:

ultra sheer (below 10 denier),

sheer (10 to 30 denier),

semi-opaque (30 to 40 denier),

opaque (40 to 70 denier)

and thick opaque (70 denier or higher)

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For single fibers, instead of weighing, a machine called a vibroscope is used.

A known length of the fiber (usually 20 mm) is set to vibrate, and its fundamental frequency measured, allowing the calculation of the mass and thus the linear density.

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(a strand of silk is about one denier and about a fifth of the diameter of a ‘human hair’)

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👈👈👈 ☜ *“SPACE”*

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*“MEASUREMENTS”* ☞ 👉👉👉

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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘

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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*

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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥