.
“CHEST FEVER”
“I SHALL BE RELEASED”
“THE NIGHT THEY DROVE OLD DIXIE DOWN”
“UP ON CRIPPLE CREEK”
.
The Band was a Canadian-American rock group formed in Toronto, Ontario, in 1967.
Originally the backing band for Ronnie Hawkins and later Bob Dylan, the group released its debut album, Music from Big Pink, in 1968 to critical acclaim. Described by music critic Bruce Eder as “one of the most popular and influential rock groups in the world, their music embraced by critics … as seriously as the music of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones”.[2] The Band combined elements of Americana, folk, rock, jazz, country, and R&B, influencing subsequent musicians such as the Eagles, Elton John, the Grateful Dead, the Flaming Lips, and Wilco.[3]
The band consisted of four Canadians and one American: Rick Danko (bass guitar, vocals, fiddle), Garth Hudson (keyboards, accordion, saxophone), Richard Manuel (keyboards, drums, vocals), Robbie Robertson (guitar, vocals), and Levon Helm (drums, vocals, mandolin, guitar). Between 1958 and 1963, the band was the Hawks, a backing band for rockabilly singer Ronnie Hawkins. In the mid-1960s it gained recognition backing Bob Dylan, and the 1966 tour was notable as Dylan’s first with an electric band. After leaving Dylan and changing its name to “The Band”, it released several albums to critical and popular acclaim, highlighted by the songs “The Weight” and “The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down”. According to AllMusic, its influence on several generations of musicians has been substantial: Roger Waters called Music from Big Pink the second most influential record in the history of rock and roll,[4][5] and music journalist Al Aronowitz called its “country soul … a sound never heard before”.[6]
The group was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1989 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.[7][8] In 2004 Rolling Stone ranked it 50th on its list of the 100 greatest artists of all time,[9] and in 2008 it received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.[10] In 2004, “The Weight” was ranked 41st on Rolling Stone’s list of the 500 greatest songs of all time.[11] In 2014, the Band was inducted into Canada’s Walk of Fame.[12]
History[edit]
1960–1964: The Hawks[edit]
The members of the Band gradually came together in the Hawks, the backing group for Toronto-based rockabilly singer Ronnie Hawkins: Helm, an original Hawk who journeyed with Hawkins from Arkansas to Ontario, then Robertson, Danko, Manuel, and finally Hudson. Hawkins’s act was popular in and around Toronto and nearby Hamilton,[13] and he had an effective way of eliminating his musical competition: when a promising band appeared, Hawkins would hire their best musicians for his own group; Robertson, Danko, and Manuel came under Hawkins’s tutelage this way.
While most of the Hawks were eager to join Hawkins’s group, getting Hudson to join was a different story. He had earned a college degree, planned on a career as a music teacher, and was interested in playing rock music only as a hobby. The Hawks admired his wild, full-bore organ style and asked him repeatedly to join. Hudson finally agreed, under the condition that the Hawks each pay him $10 per week to be their instructor and purchase a new state-of-the-art Lowrey organ; all music theory questions were directed to Hudson.
There is a view that jazz is ‘evil’ because it comes from evil people, but actually the greatest priests on 52nd Street, and on the streets of New York City were the musicians. They were doing the greatest healing work. And they knew how to punch through music which would cure and make people feel good.
— Garth Hudson, in The Last Waltz
With Hawkins, they recorded a few singles in this period and became well known as the best rock group in the thriving Toronto music scene. Hawkins regularly convened all-night rehearsals following long club shows, with the result that the young musicians quickly developed great technical prowess on their instruments.
In late 1963, the group split from Hawkins over personal differences. They were tired of playing the same songs so often and wanted to perform original material, and they were wary of Hawkins’s heavy-handed leadership. He would fine the Hawks if they brought their girlfriends to the clubs (fearing it might reduce the numbers of “available” girls who came to performances) or if they smoked marijuana.
Robertson later said, “Eventually, [Hawkins] built us up to the point where we outgrew his music and had to leave. He shot himself in the foot, really, bless his heart, by sharpening us into such a crackerjack band that we had to go on out into the world, because we knew what his vision was for himself, and we were all younger and more ambitious musically.”[14]
Upon leaving Hawkins, the group was briefly known as the Levon Helm Sextet, with sixth member sax player Jerry Penfound, and then as Levon and the Hawks after Penfound’s departure. In 1965, they released a single on Ware Records under the name the Canadian Squires, but they returned as Levon and the Hawks for a recording session for Atco later that year.[15] Also in 1965, Helm and the band met blues singer and harmonica player Sonny Boy Williamson. They wanted to record with him, offering to become his backing band, but Williamson died not long after their meeting.
In 1964, they separated from Hawkins, after which they toured and released a few singles as Levon and the Hawks and the Canadian Squires. The next year, Bob Dylan hired them for his U.S. tour in 1965 and world tour in 1966.[16] Following the 1966 tour, the group moved with help from Dylan and his manager, Albert Grossman, to Saugerties, New York, where they made the informal 1967 recordings that became The Basement Tapes, the basis for their 1968 debut album, Music from Big Pink. Because they were always “the band” to various frontmen and the locals in Woodstock, Helm said the name “the Band” worked well when the group came into its own.[17][a] The group began performing as the Band in 1968 and went on to release ten studio albums. Dylan continued to collaborate with the Band over the course of their career, including a joint 1974 tour.[19]
1965–1967: With Bob Dylan[edit]
In late summer 1965, Bob Dylan was looking for a backup band for his first U.S. “electric” tour. Levon and the Hawks were recommended by blues singer John Hammond, Jr., who earlier that year had recorded with Helm, Hudson and Robertson on his Vanguard album So Many Roads.[20][21] Around the same time, one of their friends from Toronto, Mary Martin, was working as secretary to Dylan’s manager, Albert Grossman. She told Dylan to visit the group at Le Coq d’Or Tavern, a club on Yonge Street, in Toronto—though Robertson recollects it was the Friar’s Tavern, just down the street.[22] Her advice to Dylan: “You gotta see these guys.”[23]
After hearing the band play and meeting with Robertson, Dylan invited Helm and Robertson to join his backing band. After two concerts backing Dylan, Helm and Robertson told Dylan of their loyalty to their bandmates and told him that they would continue with him only if he hired all of the Hawks. Dylan accepted and invited Levon and the Hawks to tour with him. The group was receptive to the offer, knowing it could give them the wider exposure they craved. They thought of themselves as a tightly rehearsed rock and rhythm and blues group and knew Dylan mostly from his early acoustic folk and protest music. Furthermore, they had little inkling of how internationally popular Dylan had become.[24]
With Dylan, the Hawks played a series of concerts from September 1965 through May 1966, billed as Bob Dylan and the Band. The tours were marked by Dylan’s reportedly copious use of amphetamines. Some, though not all, of the Hawks, joined in the excesses.[25] Most of the concerts were met with heckling and disapproval from folk music purists. Helm was so affected by the negative reception that he left the tour after a little more than one month and sat out the rest of that year’s concerts, as well as the world tour in 1966.[26] Helm spent much of this period working on an oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico.[27]
During and between tours, Dylan and the Hawks attempted several recording sessions, but with less than satisfying results. Sessions in October and November yielded just one usable single (“Can You Please Crawl Out Your Window?”), and two days of recording in January 1966 for what was intended to be Dylan’s next album, Blonde on Blonde, resulted in “One of Us Must Know (Sooner or Later)”, which was released as a single a few weeks later and was subsequently selected for the album.[28] On “One of Us Must Know”, Dylan was backed by drummer Bobby Gregg, bassist Danko (or Bill Lee),[b] guitarist Robbie Robertson, pianist Paul Griffin, and Al Kooper (who was more a guitarist than an organist) playing organ.[29] Frustrated by the slow progress in the New York studio, Dylan accepted the suggestion of producer Bob Johnston and moved the recording sessions to Nashville. In Nashville, Robertson’s guitar was prominent on the Blonde on Blonde recordings, especially “Leopard-Skin Pill-Box Hat”, but the other members of the Hawks did not attend the sessions.
During the European leg of their 1966 tour, Mickey Jones replaced Sandy Konikoff on drums. Dylan and the Hawks played at the Free Trade Hall in Manchester on May 17, 1966. The gig became legendary when, near the end of Dylan’s electric set, an audience member shouted “Judas!” After a pause, Dylan replied, “I don’t believe you. You’re a liar!” He then turned to the Hawks and said, “Play it fucking loud!” With that, they launched into an acidic version of “Like a Rolling Stone”.[30]
The Manchester performance was widely bootlegged (and mistakenly placed at the Royal Albert Hall). In a 1971 review for Creem magazine, critic Dave Marsh wrote, “My response is that crystallization of everything that is rock’n’roll music, at its finest, was to allow my jaw to drop, my body to move, to leap out of the chair … It is an experience that one desires simply to share, to play over and over again for those he knows thirst for such pleasure. If I speak in an almost worshipful sense about this music, it is not because I have lost perspective, it is precisely because I have found it, within music, yes, that was made five years ago. But it is there and unignorable.”[31] When it finally saw official release in 1998, critic Richie Unterberger declared the record “an important document of rock history.”[32]
On July 29, 1966, while on a break from touring, Dylan was injured in a motorcycle accident that precipitated his retreat into semi-seclusion in Woodstock, New York.[33] For a while, the Hawks returned to the bar and roadhouse touring circuit, sometimes backing other singers, including a brief stint with Tiny Tim. Dylan invited the Hawks to join him in Woodstock in February 1967,[34] and Danko, Manuel and Hudson rented a large pink house, which they named “Big Pink”, in nearby West Saugerties, New York. The next month (initially without Helm) they commenced recording a much-bootlegged and influential series of demos, initially at Dylan’s house in Woodstock and later at Big Pink, which were released partially on LP as The Basement Tapes in 1975 and in full in 2014. A track-by-track review of the bootleg was detailed by Jann Wenner in Rolling Stone, in which the band members were explicitly named and given the collective name “the Crackers”.[35]
1968–1972: Initial success[edit]
L to R: Danko, Helm and Manuel on tour in Hamburg, Germany, in 1971
The sessions with Dylan ended in October 1967, with Helm having rejoined the group by that time, and the Hawks began writing their own songs at Big Pink. When they went into the recording studio, they still did not have a name for themselves. Stories vary as to the manner in which they ultimately adopted the name “the Band.” In The Last Waltz, Manuel claimed that they wanted to call themselves either “the Honkies” or “the Crackers” (which they used when backing Dylan for a January 1968 concert tribute to Woody Guthrie), but these names were vetoed by their record label; Robertson suggests that during their time with Dylan everyone just referred to them as “the band” and the name stuck. Initially they disliked the moniker, but eventually they grew to like it, thinking it both humble and presumptuous. In 1969, Rolling Stone referred to them as “the band from Big Pink.”[36]
Their first album, Music from Big Pink (1968) was widely acclaimed. The album included three songs written or co-written by Dylan (“This Wheel’s on Fire”, “Tears of Rage”, and “I Shall Be Released”) as well as “The Weight”, the use of which in the film Easy Rider would make it one of their best-known songs. While a continuity ran through the music, the style varied by song.
In spring 1969, after the success of Music from Big Pink, the Band went on tour. Their first live appearance was at Stony Brook University. That summer they performed at the Woodstock Festival (their performance was not included in the famed Woodstock film because of legal complications), and later that year they performed with Dylan at the UK Isle of Wight Festival (several songs from which were subsequently included on Dylan’s Self Portrait album). That same year, they left for Los Angeles to record their follow-up, The Band (1969). From their rustic appearance on the cover to the songs and arrangements within, the album stood in contrast to other popular music of the day. (Several other artists made similar stylistic moves about the same time, notably Dylan, on John Wesley Harding, which was written during the Basement Tapes sessions, and the Byrds, on Sweetheart of the Rodeo, which featured two Basement Tapes covers.) The Band featured songs that evoked old-time rural America, from the Civil War in “The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down” to the unionization of farm workers in “King Harvest (Has Surely Come)”.
These first two records were produced by John Simon, who was practically a group member: he aided in arrangements in addition to playing occasional piano and tuba. Simon reported that he was often asked about the distinctive horn sections featured so effectively on the first two albums: people wanted to know how they had achieved such memorable sounds. Simon stated that, besides Hudson (an accomplished saxophonist), the others had only rudimentary horn skills, and achieved their sound simply by creatively utilizing their limited technique.
Rolling Stone lavished praise on the Band in this era, giving them more attention than perhaps any other group in the magazine’s history; Greil Marcus’s articles contributed to the Band’s mystique. The Band was also featured on the cover of Time magazine (January 12, 1970), the first rock group after the Beatles, over two years earlier, to achieve this rare distinction.[37] David Attie’s unused photographs for this cover—among the very few studio portraits taken during the Band’s prime—have only recently been discovered and seen.[38]
A critical and commercial triumph, The Band, along with works by the Byrds and the Flying Burrito Brothers, established a musical template (sometimes dubbed country rock) that paved the way to the Eagles. Both Big Pink and The Band also influenced their musical contemporaries. Eric Clapton and George Harrison cited the Band as a major influence on their musical direction in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Clapton later revealed that he wanted to join the group.[39]
Following their second album, the Band embarked on their first tour as a lead act. The anxiety of fame was clear, as the group’s songs turned to darker themes of fear and alienation: the influence on their next work is self-explanatory. Stage Fright (1970) was engineered by musician-engineer-producer Todd Rundgren and recorded on a theatre stage in Woodstock. As with their previous, self-titled record, Robertson was credited with most of the songwriting. Initial critical reaction was good but it was seen as a letdown from the previous two albums, because of the darker subject matter. But contemporary critics have reevaluated Stage Fright and found it equal to, if not different from, their first two albums.
After recording Stage Fright, the Band was among the acts participating in the Festival Express, an all-star rock concert tour of Canada by train that also included Janis Joplin, the Grateful Dead and future Band member Richard Bell (at the time he was a member of Joplin’s band). In the concert documentary film, released in 2003, Danko can be seen participating in a drunken jam session with Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir and Joplin while singing “Ain’t No More Cane”.
At about this time, Robertson began exerting greater control over the Band, a point of contention between Helm and Robertson. Helm charges Robertson with authoritarianism and greed, while Robertson suggests his increased efforts in guiding the group were largely because Helm, Danko and Manuel were becoming more unreliable due to their heroin usage.[40] Robertson insists he did his best to coax Manuel into writing more songs, only to see him descend into addiction.
Despite mounting problems among the group members, the Band forged ahead with their next album, Cahoots (1971). Cahoots featured Bob Dylan’s “When I Paint My Masterpiece,” “4% Pantomime” (with Van Morrison), and “Life Is a Carnival,” the last featuring a horn arrangement by Allen Toussaint. Toussaint’s contribution was a critical addition to the Band’s next project, and the group would later record two songs written by Toussaint: “Holy Cow” (on Moondog Matinee) and “You See Me” (on Jubilation).
In late December 1971, the Band recorded the live album Rock of Ages, which was released in the summer of 1972. On Rock of Ages, they were bolstered by the addition of a horn section, with arrangements written by Toussaint. Bob Dylan appeared on stage on New Year’s Eve and performed four songs with the group, including a version of “When I Paint My Masterpiece”.
1973–1975: Move to Shangri-La[edit]
Bob Dylan and the Band in Chicago, 1974: (left to right) Danko, Robertson, Dylan and Helm
In 1973, the Band released Moondog Matinee, an album of old songs written by non-Band members. There was no tour in support of the album, which garnered mixed reviews. However on July 28, 1973, they played at the legendary Summer Jam at Watkins Glen, a massive concert that took place at the Grand Prix Raceway outside Watkins Glen, New York. The event, which was attended by over 600,000 music fans, also featured the Grateful Dead and the Allman Brothers Band. It was during this event that discussions began about a possible tour with Bob Dylan, who had —along with Robertson—moved to Malibu, California. By late 1973, Danko, Helm, Hudson and Manuel had joined them, and the first order of business was backing Dylan on the album Planet Waves. The album was released concurrently with their joint 1974 tour, in which they played 40 shows in North America during January and February 1974. Later that year, the live album Before the Flood was released, which documents the tour.
During this time, the Band brought in Planet Waves producer Rob Fraboni to help design a music studio for the group. By 1975, the studio—known as Shangri-La—was completed. That year, the Band recorded and released Northern Lights – Southern Cross, their first album of all-new material since 1971’s Cahoots. All eight songs were written exclusively by Robertson. Despite poor record sales, the album is favored by critics and fans alike. Levon Helm regards this album highly in his book, This Wheel’s on Fire: “It was the best album we had done since The Band.” The album also produced more experimentation from Hudson, switching to synthesizers, showcased on “Jupiter Hollow”.
1976–1978: The Last Waltz[edit]
The Band with guests at the Last Waltz concert. Photo: David Gans
By 1976, Robbie Robertson was weary of touring. After having to cancel tour dates due to Richard Manuel suffering a severe neck injury in a boating accident in Texas,[41] Robertson urged the Band to retire from touring, and conceived of a massive “farewell concert” known as The Last Waltz. Following an October 30th appearance on Saturday Night Live, the event, including turkey dinner for the audience of 5,000, was held on November 25 (Thanksgiving Day) of 1976 at the Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco, California,[42] and featured a horn section with arrangements by Allen Toussaint and a stellar list of guests, including Canadian artists Joni Mitchell and Neil Young. Two of the guests were fundamental to the Band’s existence and growth: Ronnie Hawkins and Bob Dylan. Other guests they admired (and in most cases had worked with before) included Muddy Waters, Dr. John, Van Morrison, Ringo Starr, Eric Clapton, Ron Wood, Bobby Charles, Neil Diamond, and Paul Butterfield. The concert was recorded by Robertson’s friend, filmmaker Martin Scorsese.
In 1977, the Band released their seventh studio album Islands, which fulfilled their record contract with Capitol so that a planned Last Waltz film and album could be released on the Warner Bros. label. Islands contained a mix of originals and covers, and was the last with the Band’s original lineup. That same year, the group recorded soundstage performances with country singer Emmylou Harris (“Evangeline”) and gospel-soul group the Staple Singers (“The Weight”); Scorsese combined these new performances—as well as interviews he had conducted with the group—with the 1976 concert footage. The resulting concert film–documentary was released in 1978, along with a three-LP soundtrack.
Helm later wrote about The Last Waltz in his autobiography, This Wheel’s on Fire, in which he made the case that it had been primarily Robbie Robertson’s project and that Robertson had forced the Band’s breakup on the rest of the group.[43] Robertson offered a different take in a 1986 interview: “I made my big statement. I did the movie, I made a three-record album about it—and if this is only my statement, not theirs, I’ll accept that. They’re saying, ‘Well, that was really his trip, not our trip.’ Well, fine. I’ll take the best music film that’s ever been made, and make it my statement. I don’t have any problems with that. None at all.”[44]
The original quintet would perform together one last time, after the late set of Rick Danko’s March 1, 1978, solo show at The Roxy, performing “Stage Fright”, “The Shape I’m In”, and “The Weight” for an encore. This would be the last time all five musicians would perform together.[45][46]
The original configuration of The Band ended its touring career in 1976 with an elaborate performance at Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco, California, that featured numerous musical celebrities of the era. This performance was filmed for Martin Scorsese’s 1978 documentary The Last Waltz.[47] Although the members of the group intended to continue working on studio projects, they drifted apart after the release of Islands in March 1977.
1983–1989: Reformation and the loss of Richard Manuel[edit]
The Band resumed touring in 1983 without Robertson, who had found success with a solo career and as a Hollywood music producer. As a result of their diminished popularity, they performed in theaters and clubs as headliners and took support slots in larger venues for onetime peers such as the Grateful Dead and Crosby, Stills and Nash.
After a performance in Winter Park, Florida, on March 4, 1986, Manuel committed suicide, aged 42, in his motel room.[48][49] He had suffered for many years from alcoholism and drug addiction and had been clean and sober for several years beginning in 1978 but had begun drinking and using drugs again by 1984.[50] Manuel’s position as pianist was filled by old friend Stan Szelest (who died not long after) and then by Richard Bell. Bell had played with Ronnie Hawkins after the departure of the original Hawks, and was best known from his days as a member of Janis Joplin’s Full Tilt Boogie Band.
The Band was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame at the 1989 Juno Awards, where Robertson was reunited with original members Danko and Hudson. With Canadian country rock superstars Blue Rodeo as a back-up band, Music Express called the 1989 Juno appearance a symbolic “passing of the torch” from the Band to Blue Rodeo.
1990–1999: Return to final recording[edit]
The remaining three members continued to tour and record albums with a succession of musicians filling Manuel’s and Robertson’s roles. The Band appeared at Bob Dylan’s 30th anniversary concert in New York City in October 1992, where they performed their version of Dylan’s “When I Paint My Masterpiece”. In 1993, the group released their eighth studio album, Jericho. Without Robbie Robertson as primary lyricist, much of the songwriting for the album came from outside of the group. Also that year, the Band, along with Ronnie Hawkins, Bob Dylan, and other performers, appeared at U.S. President Bill Clinton’s 1993 “Blue Jean Bash” inauguration party.[51]
In 1994 the Band performed at Woodstock ’94. Later that year Robertson appeared with Danko and Hudson as the Band for the second time since the original group broke up. The occasion was the induction of the Band into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Helm, who had been at odds with Robertson for years over accusations of stolen songwriting credits, did not attend.[52] In February 1996, the Band with the Crickets recorded “Not Fade Away”, released on the tribute album Not Fade Away (Remembering Buddy Holly). The Band released two more albums after Jericho: High on the Hog (1996) and Jubilation (1998), the latter of which included guest appearances by Eric Clapton and John Hiatt. Helm was diagnosed with throat cancer in 1998 and was unable to sing for several years but he eventually regained the use of his voice.
In 1998, the group revealed they were working on a follow-up album to Jubilation that has not been released.[53]
The final song the group recorded together was their 1999 version of Bob Dylan’s “One Too Many Mornings”, which they contributed to the Dylan tribute album Tangled Up in Blues. On December 10, 1999, Rick Danko died in his sleep at the age of 56. Following his death, the Band broke up for good. The final configuration of the group included Richard Bell (piano), Randy Ciarlante (drums), and Jim Weider (guitar).
2000-Present[edit]
In 2002, Robertson bought all other former members’ financial interests in the group (with the exception of Helm),[54] giving him major control of the presentation of the group’s material, including latter-day compilations. Richard Bell died of multiple myeloma in June 2007.
The Band received a Lifetime Achievement Grammy Award on February 9, 2008,[55] but there was no reunion of all three living members. In honor of the event, Helm held a Midnight Ramble in Woodstock.[56] He continued to perform and released several albums. On April 17, 2012, it was announced via Helm’s official website that he was in the “final stages of cancer”;[57] he died two days later.[58]
In December 2020, it was announced that the 3rd album of The Band ‘Stage Fright,’ will get an expanded reissue. The album contains alternate versions of some songs.[59]
Members’ other endeavours[edit]
In 1977, Rick Danko released his eponymous debut solo album, which featured the other four members of the Band on various tracks. In 1984, Danko joined members of the Byrds, the Flying Burrito Brothers, and others in the huge touring company that made up “The Byrds Twenty-Year Celebration”. Several members of the tour performed solo songs to start the show, including Danko, who performed “Mystery Train”. Danko also released three solo albums in the 1990s, “In Concert”, “Live on Breeze Hill” and “Times Like These” all three of these records were produced by Aaron L. Hurwitz and are on the Breeze Hill/Woodstock Records Label.[60]
In the late 70s and 80s, Helm released several solo albums and toured with a band called Levon Helm and the RCO Allstars. He also began an acting career with his role as Loretta Lynn’s father in Coal Miner’s Daughter. Helm received praise for his narration and supporting role opposite Sam Shepard in 1983’s The Right Stuff. In 1997 a CD by Levon Helm and the Crowmatix, Souvenir, was released.[61] Beginning sometime in the 1990s, Helm regularly performed Midnight Ramble concerts at his home and studio in Woodstock, New York, and toured.[62] In 2007 Helm released a new album, an homage to his southern roots called Dirt Farmer, which was awarded a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album on February 9, 2008. Electric Dirt followed in 2009 and won the inaugural Grammy Award for Best Americana Album. His 2011 live album Ramble at the Ryman was nominated in the same category and won.[63]
After he left the Band, Robbie Robertson became a music producer and wrote film soundtracks (including acting as music supervisor for several of Scorsese’s films) before beginning a solo career with his Daniel Lanois-produced eponymous album in 1987.
Hudson has released two acclaimed solo CDs, The Sea to the North in 2001, produced by Aaron (Professor Louie) Hurwitz, and Live at the Wolf in 2005, both featuring his wife, Maud, on vocals. He has also kept busy as an in-demand studio musician. He is featured extensively on recordings of the Call and country-indie star Neko Case. Hudson contributed an original electronic score to an off-Broadway production of Dragon Slayers, written by Stanley Keyes and directed by Brad Mays in 1986 at the Union Square Theatre in New York, which was restaged with a new cast in Los Angeles in 1990. In 2010, Hudson released Garth Hudson Presents: A Canadian Celebration of the Band, featuring Canadian artists covering songs that were recorded by the Band.
In 2012, Jim Weider launched the Weight Band, performing covers of the Band’s music, alongside former members of the Levon Helm Band and Rick Danko Group. Recently, the Weight Band performed in a nationally broadcast PBS special, Infinity Hall Live,[64] featuring new music. Following the show, the band announced a self-titled album of new music. The Weight Band also hosts Camp Cripple Creek, which celebrates the legacy of the Woodstock Sound. Past guests have included Jackie Greene, Music from Big Pink producer John Simon and John Sebastian.[65]
Manuel had few projects outside the Band; he and the rest of the Band contributed to Eric Clapton’s 1976 album No Reason to Cry. It included an original composition by Manuel and featured his vocals and drumming on several tracks. Manuel later worked on several film scores with Hudson and Robertson, including Raging Bull and The Color of Money.
Musical style[edit]
The Band in Hamburg, 1971: (left to right) Manuel, Danko, Robertson, and Helm
The Band’s music fused many elements: primarily old country music and early rock and roll, though the rhythm section often was reminiscent of Stax- or Motown-style rhythm and blues, and Robertson cites Curtis Mayfield and the Staple Singers as major influences, resulting in a synthesis of many musical genres. Singers Manuel, Danko, and Helm each brought a distinctive voice to the Band: Helm’s Southern accent was prevalent in his raw and powerful vocals, Danko sang tenor with a distinctively choppy enunciation, and Manuel alternated between falsetto and a soulful baritone. The singers regularly blended in harmonies. Though the singing was more or less evenly shared among the three, both Danko and Helm have stated that they saw Manuel as the Band’s “lead” singer.[66]
Every member was a multi-instrumentalist. There was little instrument-switching when they played live, but when recording, the musicians could make up different configurations in service of the songs. Hudson in particular was able to coax a wide range of timbres from his Lowrey organ; on the choruses of “Tears of Rage”, for example, it sounds like a mellotron. Helm’s drumming was often praised: critic Jon Carroll declared that Helm was “the only drummer who can make you cry,” while prolific session drummer Jim Keltner admits to appropriating several of Helm’s techniques.[67] Producer John Simon is often cited as a “sixth member” of the Band for producing and playing on Music from Big Pink, co-producing and playing on The Band, and playing on other songs up through the Band’s 1993 reunion album Jericho.[68]
Copyright controversy[edit]
Robertson is credited as writer or co-writer of the majority of the Band’s songs and, as a result, has received most of the songwriting royalties generated from the music. This would become a point of contention, especially for Helm. In his 1993 autobiography, This Wheel’s on Fire: Levon Helm and the Story of the Band, Helm disputed the validity of the songwriting credits as listed on the albums and explained that the Band’s songs were developed in collaboration with all members. Danko concurred with Helm: “I think Levon’s book hits the nail on the head about where Robbie and Albert Grossman and some of those people went wrong and when The Band stopped being The Band…. I’m truly friends with everybody but, hey—it could happen to Levon, too. When people take themselves too seriously and believe too much in their own bullshit, they usually get in trouble.”[69] Robertson denied that Helm had written any of the songs attributed to Robertson.[70] The studio albums recorded by Levon Helm as a solo artist — Levon Helm (1978), American Son, Levon Helm (1982), Dirt Farmer, and Electric Dirt—contain only one song crediting him as songwriter (“Growin’ Trade,” co-written with Larry Campbell).[71][72]
Legacy[edit]
The Band has influenced numerous bands, songwriters and performers, including the Grateful Dead; Eric Clapton; George Harrison; Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young;[73] Led Zeppelin;[74] Elvis Costello;[75] Elton John;[76] Phish;[77] and Pink Floyd.[78]
The album Music from Big Pink, in particular, is credited with contributing to Clapton’s decision to leave the supergroup Cream. In his introduction of the Band during the Bob Dylan 30th Anniversary Concert, Clapton announced that in 1968 he had heard the album, “and it changed my life.”[79] Nazareth took their name from “The Weight” – taken from the line “I pulled into Nazareth, feeling half past dead” Guitarist Richard Thompson has acknowledged the album’s influence on Fairport Convention’s Liege and Lief, and journalist John Harris has suggested that the Band’s debut also influenced the spirit of the Beatles’ back-to-basics album Let It Be as well as the Rolling Stones’ string of roots-infused albums that began with Beggars Banquet.[80][c] George Harrison said that his song “All Things Must Pass” was heavily influenced by the Band and that, while writing the song, he imagined Levon Helm singing it.[81] Meanwhile, the Music from Big Pink song “The Weight” has been covered numerous times, and in various musical styles. In a 1969 interview, Robbie Robertson remarked on the group’s influence, “We certainly didn’t want everybody to go out and get a banjo and a fiddle player. We were trying to calm things down a bit though. What we’re going to do now is go to Muscle Shoals, Alabama, and record four sides, four psychedelic songs. Total freak-me songs. Just to show that we have no hard feelings. Just pretty good rock and roll.”[82]
In the nineties, a new generation of bands influenced by the Band began to gain popularity, including Counting Crows, the Wallflowers, and the Black Crowes. Counting Crows indicated this influence with their tribute to the late Richard Manuel, “If I Could Give All My Love (Richard Manuel Is Dead)”, from their album Hard Candy. The Black Crowes frequently cover songs by the Band during live performances, such as “The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down”, which appears on their DVD/CD Freak ‘n’ Roll into the Fog.[83] They have also recorded at Helm’s studio in Woodstock.
The inspiration for the classic rock-influenced band the Hold Steady came while members Craig Finn and Tad Kubler were watching The Last Waltz.[84] Rick Danko and Robbie Robertson are name-checked in the lyrics of “The Swish” from the Hold Steady’s 2004 debut album Almost Killed Me.[85] Also that year, southern rock-revivalists Drive-By Truckers released the Jason Isbell penned track “Danko/Manuel” on the album The Dirty South.
The Band also inspired Grace Potter, of Grace Potter and the Nocturnals, to form the band in 2002. In an interview with the Montreal Gazette, Potter said, “The Band blew my mind. I thought if this is what Matt [Burr] meant when he said ‘Let’s start a rock ‘n’ roll band,’ … that was the kind of rock ‘n’ roll band I could believe in.”[86]
A tribute album, entitled Endless Highway: The Music of the Band, released in January 2007, included contributions from My Morning Jacket, Death Cab for Cutie, Gomez, Guster, Bruce Hornsby, Jack Johnson and ALO, Lee Ann Womack, the Allman Brothers Band, Blues Traveler, Jakob Dylan, Rosanne Cash, and others.
Members of Wilco, Clap Your Hands Say Yeah, the Shins, Dr Dog, Yellowbirds, Ween, Furthur, and other bands staged The Complete Last Waltz in 2012 and 2013.[87] Their performances included all 41 songs from the original 1976 concert in sequence, even those edited out of the film. Musical director Sam Cohen of Yellowbirds claims “the movie is pretty ingrained in me. I’ve watched it probably 100 times.“[87]
A recent incarnation of the Band’s legacy, The Weight Band, originated inside the barn of Levon Helm in 2012 when Jim Weider and Randy Ciarlante, both former members of the Band, were performing “Songs of the Band” with Garth Hudson, Jimmy Vivino and Byron Isaacs. In July 2017, PBS’s Infinity Hall Live program began airing a televised performance by the Weight Band, featuring Band covers and new music by the band.[88]
Every year on the Wednesday before and the Friday after Thanksgiving, Dayton, Ohio NPR affiliate WYSO and The Dayton Art Institute host a tribute to The Last Waltz.[89] Frequently selling out, the show features more than 30 local musicians.
The band are the subjects of the 2019 documentary film Once Were Brothers: Robbie Robertson and The Band, which premiered at the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival.[90]
The Band is the subject of an extensive historical podcast, The Band: A History, currently covering the entire history of the group.[91]
Members[edit]
Years Lineup
1965–1967
Rick Danko – bass, vocals
Mickey Jones – drums
Garth Hudson – organ
Richard Manuel – piano
Robbie Robertson – guitars
Sandy Konikoff – drums
1968–1977
Rick Danko – electric bass, vocals, guitar, double bass, fiddle
Levon Helm – drums, vocals, mandolin, guitar, percussion
Garth Hudson – organ, keyboards, accordion, saxophones
Richard Manuel – piano, drums, organ, vocals
Robbie Robertson – guitars, vocals, percussion
Additional personnel
John Simon – baritone horn, electric piano, piano, tenor saxophone, tuba
1977–1983
Disbanded
1983–1985
Rick Danko – bass, guitars, vocals
Levon Helm – drums, vocals, mandolin
Garth Hudson – keyboards, saxophone, accordion, woodwinds, brass
Richard Manuel – piano, organ, vocals
Additional personnel
Terry Cagle – drums, backing vocals
Earl Cate – guitars
Earnie Cate – keyboards
Ron Eoff – bass
1985–1986
Rick Danko – bass, vocals
Levon Helm – drums, vocals
Garth Hudson – keyboards, saxophone, accordion, woodwinds, brass
Richard Manuel – piano, vocals
Jim Weider – guitars
1986–1989
Rick Danko – bass, vocals
Levon Helm – drums, vocals
Garth Hudson – keyboards, saxophone, accordion, woodwinds, brass
Jim Weider – guitars
Additional personnel
Buddy Cage – lap steel guitar
Terry Cagle – drums, backing vocal
Fred Carter, Jr. – guitars
Jack Casady – bass
Blondie Chaplin – guitars, drums, backing vocals
Jorma Kaukonen – guitars
Sredni Vollmer – harmonica
1990
Rick Danko – bass, vocals
Levon Helm – drums, vocals
Garth Hudson – keyboards, saxophone, accordion, woodwinds, brass
Stan Szelest – keyboards
Jim Weider – guitars
1990–1991
Rick Danko – bass, vocals
Levon Helm – drums, percussion, vocals
Garth Hudson – keyboards, saxophone, accordion, woodwinds, brass
Randy Ciarlante – drums, percussion, vocals
Stan Szelest – keyboards
Jim Weider – guitars
Additional personnel
Sredni Vollmer – harmonica
1991
Rick Danko – bass, vocals
Levon Helm – drums, percussion, vocals
Garth Hudson – keyboards, saxophone, accordion, woodwinds, brass
Randy Ciarlante – drums, percussion, vocals
Jim Weider – guitars
Additional personnel
Billy Preston – keyboards, backing vocals
1992–1999
Rick Danko – bass, vocals
Levon Helm – drums, percussion, vocals
Garth Hudson – keyboards, saxophone, accordion, woodwinds, brass
Richard Bell – keyboards
Randy Ciarlante – drums, percussion, vocals
Jim Weider – guitars
Additional personnel
Aaron L. Hurwitz (record producer) [92] Aaron L. Hurwitz a/k/a Professor Louie Accordion, Organ, Piano[93]
Timeline[edit]
Discography[edit]
Music from Big Pink (1968)
The Band (1969)
Stage Fright (1970)
Cahoots (1971)
Rock of Ages (live, 1972)
Moondog Matinee (1973)
Northern Lights – Southern Cross (1975)
Islands (1977)
The Last Waltz (live; soundtrack, 1978)
Jericho (1993)
High on the Hog (1996)
Jubilation (1998)
with Bob Dylan
Before the Flood (live, 1974)
Planet Waves (1974)
The Basement Tapes (1975)
See also[edit]
American rock
Canadian rock
Music of Canada
Music of the United States
Notes[edit]
^ According to Alan Livingston, who as president of EMI records first signed them in 1968, the group’s manager at the time came up with the moniker after Livingston insisted that they give themselves a name.[18]
^ The booklet accompanying The Original Mono Recordings reissue of Blonde on Blonde lists Will Lee as the bass player (Marcus, Greil. Album notes for The Original Mono Recordings by Bob Dylan, 2010). Sean Wilentz insists that “the playing and talk on the Blonde on Blonde session tape show conclusively that Danko was the bassist on ‘One of Us Must Know’ (Wilentz, Sean. Bob Dylan in America, 2009, p. 113).
^ The recording sessions for Beggars Banquet, however, wrapped up in the same month that Music from Big Pink was released.
Citations[edit]
^ Voice of Youth Advocates. 8 (2-6 ed.). Scarecrow Press. 1985. p. 153.
^ Bruce Eder, AllMusic biography
^ “‘”.
^ “Roger Waters quote re “Music from Big Pink” – Progressive Rock Music Forum”. Progarchives.com. Retrieved 2014-03-07.
^ Moon, Tom (2018-06-01). “50 Years On, The Band’s ‘Music From Big Pink’ Haunts Us Still”. NPR. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
^ “The Beginnings of the Band: Getting Started, Meeting Bob Dylan and ‘Music From Big Pink'”. Rolling Stone. August 24, 1968. Retrieved 2020-02-27.
^ “Canadian Music Hall of Fame”. Carasonline.ca. Retrieved 2014-01-04.
^ “The Band”. Rockhall.com. Retrieved 2014-01-04.
^ Williams, Lucinda (April 15, 2004). “The Immortals – The Greatest Artists of All Time: 50, The Band”. Rolling Stone, no. 946. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
^ “Lifetime Achievement Award”. Grammy.com. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
^ “The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time”. RollingStone.com. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
^ “Canada’s Walk of Fame”. Canada’s Walk of Fame. Retrieved 2019-08-07.
^ Graham Rockingham. “Branding Hamilton as a music city”. Hamilton Spectator, November 9, 2016.
^ “Andy Gill: Back to the Land”. Theband.hiof.no. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
^ Gray, 33, 37.
^ Heylin, Clinton (2003). Behind the Shades Revisited. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 223–260. ISBN 0-06-052569-X.
^ Hoskyns, Barney (1993). Across the Great Divide: The Band and America. Hyperion. pp. 144–145. ISBN 1-56282-836-3.
^ “How the ’60s Group The Band Got Their Name”. YouTube. Retrieved 2014-04-24.
^ Kreps, Daniel (2009-09-08). “1974 Bob Dylan & the Band Show Unearthed In Wolfgang’s Vault”. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2019-08-07.
^ Heylin, 173–174.
^ Gray, 292–293.
^ MacDonald, Bruce. “Part 2 (1960–1965): Clip 6”. Yonge Street: Toronto Rock & Roll Stories. Toronto: Bravo Canada. Archived from the original (Video) on 2012-01-21. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
^ Hoskyns, 85–86.
^ Hoskyns, 94–97.
^ Hoskyns, 104.
^ Gray, 33.
^ Helm, Levon; Davis, Stephen (1993). This Wheel’s on Fire: Levon Helm and the Story of the Band. New York: William Morrow & Company. p. 143. ISBN 9781613748763.
^ Heylin, Clinton. Revolution in the Air: The Songs of Bob Dylan, 1957–73, 2009, pp. 285–286
^ Björner, Olof (June 3, 2011). “Columbia Recording Studios, New York City, New York, 25 January 1966”. Bjorner’s Still On The Road. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
^ Sounes, 213–215.
^ “Review of Dylan/Hawks, 1966”. Theband.hiof.no. 1971-06-03. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
^ Unterberger, Richie (1966-05-17). “( The Bootleg Series, Vol. 4: The “Royal Albert Hall” Concert > Overview )”. allmusic. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
^ Sounes, 216–218.
^ The Basement Tapes Raw. Legacy Recordings 88875019672, 2014, liner notes, p. 3.
^ Jann Wenner (1968-06-22). “Dylan’s Basement Tape Should Be Released”. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2013-06-06.
^ “Big Pink Band To Tour U.S.”. Rolling Stone (30). April 5, 1969. p. 9.
^ “Time Magazine Cover: The Band – Jan. 12, 1970 – Rock – Singers – Music”. Time. 1970-01-12. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
^ Kubernik, Harvey & Kenneth, The Story of The band, 2018, Sterling: p122-125.
^ “Eric Clapton – Derek and The Dominos – Layla & Other Assorted…” Uncut.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
^ Crouch, Ian (December 8, 2016). “Robbie Robertson Offers His Story of The Band”. The New Yorker. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
^ Patrick Snyder (16 Dec 1976). “The Band: Drifting Toward the Last Waltz”. Rollingstone.com. Retrieved 29 Oct 2015.
^ Fricke, David, November 2001. The Last Waltz liner notes, 2002 CD re-issue, p. 17.
^ Levon Helm and Stephen Davis. This Wheel’s on Fire: Levon Helm and the Story of the Band, Chapter Nine: The Last Waltz
^ “Edward Kiersh: Robbie Robertson of The Band”. Theband.hiof.no. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
^ https://glidemagazine.com/77724/grousing-the-aisles-the-bands-real-last-performance/
^ https://theband.hiof.no/albums/boot_RDroxyFrs.html
^ Fear, David (2016-11-25). “Why the Band’s ‘The Last Waltz’ Is the Best Concert Movie of All Time”. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2019-08-07.
^ Pareles, Jon (6 March 1986). “Richard Manuel, 40, Rock Singer and Pianist”. The New York Times. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
^ Dougherty, Steve (24 March 1986). “A Haunting Suicide Silences the Sweet, Soulful Voice of the Band’s Richard Manuel”. People. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
^ Hoskyns, 365, 376–377, 384. Helm and Davis, 289, 294.
^ Gray, Michael. The Bob Dylan Encyclopedia (Levon Helm entry), ISBN 0826429742
^ “Induction into Rock HoF”. Rockhall.com. Retrieved 2011-10-18.
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20010109061900/http://www.inthestudio.com/sessions/theband/transcript1.html
^ Selvin, Joel (2011-01-08). “The day the music lived / Rereleased ‘Last Waltz’ documents amazing night in 1976 when rock’s royalty bid farewell to the Band – Page 2 of 2”. The San Francisco Chronicle.
^ Bill Forman (19 Apr 2012). “Levon Helm, 1940–2012”. Grammy.com. Retrieved 29 Oct 2015.
^ [1] Archived August 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
^ “Levon Helm, singer and drummer for The Band, in final stages of cancer”. LevonHelm.com. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
^ Browne, David (April 19, 2012). “Levon Helm, Drummer and Singer of the Band, Dead at 71”. Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
^ “The Band’s 3rd Album, ‘Stage Fright,’ to Get Expanded Reissue”. Best Classic Bands. 2020-12-18. Retrieved 2021-01-07.
^ “Woodstock Records”. Woodstockrecords.com.
^ “Levon Helm & The Crowmatix: Souvenir”. Theband.hiof.no. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
^ Dawn LoBue (2006). “Levon Helm Biography”. LevonHelm.com. Archived from the original on December 2, 2011. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
^ “Best Americana Album”. Grammy.com. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
^ “The Weight Band · Infinity Hall Live”. Ihlive.org.
^ “The Weight to Host Camp Cripple Creek”. Jambands.com.
^ Classic albums: The Band documentary, 1997.
^ Hoskyns, 189.
^ Hoskyns, Barney (2006). Barney Hoskyns – Across the Great Divide: The Band and America. ISBN 9781423414421. Retrieved 2011-10-18.
^ Flanagan, Bill. “Rick Danko on The Band – New Albums, Old Wounds” Musician magazine #182, December 1993.
^ “Greg Kot: ‘Waltz’ bittersweet for many, but not Robbie Robertson”. Theband.hiof.no. 2002-04-07. Retrieved 2014-04-24.
^ “Levon Helm and Songwriting: Larry Campbell and Robbie Robertson Weigh In”. American Songwriter. September 11, 2012.
^ Crouch, Ian (December 9, 2016). “Robbie Robertson Offers His Story of the Band”. Newyorker.com. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
^ Gray, 36–37.
^ Mick Wall (2008), When Giants Walked the Earth: A Biography of Led Zeppelin, London: Orion, p. 181.
^ Hoskyns, 169.
^ Seaggs, Austin (February 17, 2011). “The Rolling Stone Interview: Elton John”. Rolling Stone (1124): 36–68.
^ “10 Goodbyes to Levon Helm”. American Songwriter. Retrieved 2013-02-19.
^ “Today in Music History: The Band Release “Music From Big Pink””. Thecurrent.org.
^ “Scott Spencer: Levon’s Next Waltz”. Theband.hiof.no. Archived from the original on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
^ Harris, John (2007-08-03). “There was a manic feeling in the air”. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
^ “George Harrison: ‘All Things’ in Good Time”. Billboard.com. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
^ Gladstone, Howard. The Robbie Robertson Interview Rolling Stone #49, December 27, 1969.
^ “Soundtracks for the Black Crowes: Freak ‘n’ Roll… into the Fog”. The Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2009-12-06.
^ Master, Dave. “Hold Steady returns hope to rock’n’roll: Daily Collegian exclusive interview with Craig Finn”. The Daily Collegian.
^ “Feature: Craig Finn”. Cloak & Dagger Media. Archived from the original on 2008-07-06.
^ Perusse, Bernard. “Grace Potter on Ghostbusters, rock ‘n’ roll and not wearing pants”. The Montreal Gazette. Archived from the original on 2013-04-05.
^ Jump up to: a b “Members of Yellowbirds, Wilco, Dr Dog, Ween, CYHSY, Fruit Bats, Blitzen Trapper, Low Anthem, Superhuman Happiness, more to Perform the Band’s Entire “Last Waltz””. The Future Heart. 2013-11-16. Archived from the original on 2014-02-04. Retrieved 2014-04-24.
^ “The Weight Band – Infinity Hall Live”. Pbs.org.
^ “Such A Night: The Last Waltz Live To Benefit WYSO”. Wyso.org. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
^ “New documentary Once Were Brothers: Robbie Robertson and The Band to open TIFF 2019”. CBC News, July 18, 2019.
^ “Megaphone: A Modern Podcasting Platform by Panoply”. Megaphone.link. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
^ “Jericho”. theband.hiof.no.
^ “The Band: Jubilation”. theband.hiof.no.
References[edit]
Hoskyns, Barney (1993). Across the Great Divide: The Band and America. New York: Hyperion. ISBN 1-56282-836-3.
Gray, Michael (2006). The Bob Dylan Encyclopedia. New York: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-6933-7.
Marcus, Greil (1998). Invisible Republic: Bob Dylan’s Basement Tapes. New York: H. Holt & Company. ISBN 0-8050-5842-7.
Helm, Levon; Davis, Stephen (2000). This Wheel’s on Fire: Levon Helm and the Story of the Band. 2nd ed, Chicago: A Cappella. ISBN 1-55652-405-6.
Further reading[edit]
Bochynski, Kevin J. (1999). “The Band”. In Hochman, Steve. Popular Musicians. Pasadena, California: Salem Press. pp. 61–64. ISBN 0893569879.
External links
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_Band
The Band
Contributors to Wikimedia projects
48-60 minutes
The Band
The Band sitting on a log
The Band in 1969: (left to right) Manuel, Hudson, Helm, Robertson, Danko
Background information
Also known as Levon and the Hawks
Canadian Squires
Origin Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Woodstock, New York, United States
Genres
Roots rock
Americana
folk rock
country rock[1]
Years active 1968–1977, 1983–1999
Labels Capitol/EMI, Rhino, Warner Bros.
Associated acts Ronnie Hawkins, Bob Dylan, John Simon, Allen Toussaint, Cate Brothers, Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band, Van Morrison
Past members Rick Danko
Levon Helm
Garth Hudson
Richard Manuel
Robbie Robertson
Jim Weider
Stan Szelest
Randy Ciarlante
Richard Bell
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥