(1ST CENTURY AD “BUST” OF ‘CICERO’)
(@ “CAPITOLINE MUSEUMS” IN ‘ROME’)
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“SISERO”
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“CHILDREN” –>
*TULLIA CICERONIS*
(’79 BCE’ – ’49 BC’)
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(“marcus tullius cicero”)
(/ˈsɪsᵻroʊ/)
classical Latin –> [ˈmaːr.kʊs ˈtʊl.lɪ.ʊs ˈkɪ.kɛ.roː]
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(‘3 january 106 BCE’ – ‘7 december 43 BCE’)
(died @ ‘age 63’)
(beheaded after being declared an ‘enemy of state’ by the ‘2nd triumvirate’)
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(‘rome’)
(‘politician’ / ‘lawyer’)
(served as ‘consul’ in the year ’63 BC’)
(he came from a ‘wealthy municipal family’ of the ‘roman equestrian order’, and is considered one of rome’s greatest ‘orators’ and ‘prose stylists’)
(his influence on the ‘latin language’ was so immense that the subsequent history of ‘prose’ (not only in ‘latin’ but in ‘european languages’ up to the ’19th century, was said to be either a reaction against or a return to his style)
(…and then what?”)
(who are ‘we’ merely ‘reacting to’ now?)
(“you?”)
(“here i am…lord…”)
(according to ‘michael grant’, “the influence of ‘cicero’ upon the history of ‘european literature’ + ‘european ideas’ greatly exceeds that of any other ‘prose writer’ in any ‘language'”)
(‘cicero’ introduced the romans to the ‘chief schools of ‘greek philosophy’ and created a ‘latin philosophical vocabulary’ (with ‘neologisms’ such as (evidentia / humanitas / qualitas / quantitas / essentia) distinguishing himself as a ‘translator’ + ‘philosopher’)
(though he was an ‘accomplished orator’ + ‘successful lawyer’, ‘cicero’ believed his ‘political career’ was his ‘most important achievement’)
(it was during his ‘consulship’ that the ‘2nd catilinarian conspiracy’ attempted to overthrow the government through an attack on the city by outside forces, and ‘cicero’ suppressed the revolt by executing five conspirators without due process)
“so much for ‘justice’!”
(during the chaotic latter half of the 1st century BC marked by civil wars and the dictatorship of Gaius Julius Caesar, Cicero championed a return to the traditional republican government)
(following Julius Caesar’s death, Cicero became an enemy of Mark Antony in the ensuing power struggle, attacking him in a series of speeches)
(he was proscripted as an enemy of the state by the Second Triumvirate and consequently executed by soldiers operating on their behalf in 43 BC after having been intercepted during attempted flight from the Italian peninsula)
(his severed hands and head were then, as a final revenge of Mark Antony, displayed in the Roman Forum)
(Petrarch’s rediscovery of Cicero’s letters is often credited for initiating the 14th-century Renaissance in public affairs, humanism, and classical Roman culture)
(according to Polish historian Tadeusz Zieliński, “the Renaissance was above all things a revival of Cicero, and only after him and through him of the rest of ‘classical antiquity'”)
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(the peak of cicero’s authority/prestige came during the ‘enlightenment’ (in the 1700s), and his impact on leading enlightened [thinkers/’political theorists’] such as…)
John Locke
David Hume
Montesquieu
Edmund Burke
was substantial
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(his works rank among the most influential in ‘european culture’, and today still constitute 1 of the most important bodies of ‘primary material’ for the ‘writing’ + ‘revision’ of ‘roman history’, especially the last days of the ‘roman republic’)
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥