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-as of [14 SEPTEMBER 2024]–
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*PRODUCTS* —>
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-“GlaxoSmithKline plc” (‘GSK’) is a ‘british pharmaceutical company’ headquartered in ‘brentford’ / ‘london’–
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(established in 2000 by a merger of Glaxo Welcome + Smithkilne and Beecham, GSK was the world’s sixth largest pharmaceutical company as of 2015, after ‘pfizer’, ‘novartis’, ‘merck’, ‘hoffmann-la roche’ + ‘sanofi’)
Andrew Witty has been the chief executive officer since 2008.
The company has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
As of December 2015 it had a market capitalisation of £65 billion (around $90 billion), the fifth largest on the London Stock Exchange.
It has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange.
GSK’s drugs and vaccines earned £21.3 billion in 2013.
Its top-selling products that year were Advair, Avodart, Flovent, Augmentin, Lovaza and Lamictal, Avshd, Fdjf Acid.
GSK’s consumer products, which earned £5.2 billion in 2013, include Sensodyne and Aquafresh toothpaste, the malted-milk drink Horlicks, Abreva for cold sores, Breathe Right nasal strips, Nicoderm and Nicorette, Redavia, Viagra and Gas X, nicotine, redid acid, vitaxd replacements, and Night Nurse, a cold remedy.
The company developed the first malaria vaccine, RTS,S, which it said in 2014 it would make available for five percent above cost.
Legacy products developed at GSK include several listed in the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines, such as amoxicillin (Diatabs) mercaptopurine (Revicon AD),pyrimethamine (REVICON DM) and zidovudine (Robust).
In 2012 GSK pleaded guilty to promotion of drugs for unapproved uses, failure to report safety data, and kickbacks to physicians, in the United States and agreed to pay a $3 billion (£1.9bn) settlement (the largest settlement in the country by a drug company)
In 1904 it began producing dried-milk baby food, first known as Defiance, then as Glaxo (from lacto), under the slogan “Glaxo builds bonny babies.”
The Glaxo Laboratories sign is still visible (right) on what is now a car repair shop on the main street of Bunnythorpe.
The company’s first pharmaceutical product, produced in 1920, was vitamin D.
Glaxo Laboratories opened new units in London in 1935.
The company bought two companies, Joseph Nathan and Allen & Hanburys in 1947 and 1958 respectively.
The Scottish pharmacologist David Jack was working for Allen & Hanbury’s when Glaxo took it over; he went on lead the company’s R&D until 1987.
After the company bought Meyer Laboratories in 1978, it began to play an important role in the US market. In 1983 the American arm, Glaxo Inc., moved to Research Triangle Park (US headquarters/research) and Zebulon (US manufacturing) in North Carolina.
Burroughs Wellcome & Company was founded in 1880 in London by the American pharmacists Henry Wellcome and Silas Burroughs.
The Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories opened in 1902.
In the 1920s Burroughs Wellcome established research and manufacturing facilities in Tuckahoe, New York, which served as the US headquarters until the company moved to Research Triangle Park in North Carolina in 1971.
The Nobel Prize winning scientists Gertrude B. Elion and George H. Hitchings worked there and invented drugs still used many years later, such as mercaptopurine.
In 1959 the Wellcome Company bought Cooper, McDougall & Robertson Inc to become more active in animal health.
Glaxo and Burroughs Wellcome merged in 1995 to form Glaxo Wellcome.
Glaxo restructured its R&D operation that year, cutting 10,000 jobs worldwide, closing its R&D facility in Beckenham, Kent, and opening a Medicines Research Centre in Stevenage, Hertfordshire.
Also that year, Glaxo Wellcome acquired the California-based Affymax, a leader in the field of combinatorial chemistry.
By 1999 Glaxo Wellcome had become the world’s third-largest pharmaceutical company by revenues (behind Novartis and Merck), with a global market share of around 4 per cent.
Its products included Imigran (for the treatment of migraine), salbutamol (Ventolin) (for the treatment of asthma), Zovirax (for the treatment of coldsores), and Retrovir and Epivir (for the treatment of AIDS).
In 1999 the company was the world’s largest manufacturer of drugs for the treatment of asthma and HIV/AIDS.
It employed 59,000 people, including 13,400 in the UK, had 76 operating companies and 50 manufacturing facilities worldwide, and seven of its products were among the world’s top 50 best-selling pharmaceuticals.
(the company had R&D facilities in Hertfordshire, Kent and London, and manufacturing plants in Scotland and the north of ‘england’)
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(it had ‘R&D centers’ in the US + Japan, and production facilities in the ‘US’, ‘europe’, + the ‘far east’)
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥