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(as of ’21 october 2017′)
[(‘area controlled’)] –> [(‘dark green’)]
[(‘uncontrolled areas’) / (‘disputed territories’)] –> [(‘light green’)]
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*officially the republic of india*
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(from the word for the “indus river”)
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(‘india’ is a country in ‘south asia’)
(it is the 7th-largest country by area, the 2nd-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world)
(bounded by the ‘Indian Ocean’ on the south, the ‘Arabian Sea’ on the south-west, and the ‘Bay of Bengal’ on the south-east, it shares land borders with ‘Pakistan’ to the west; ‘China’, ‘Nepal’, and ‘Bhutan’ to the north-east; and ‘Myanmar’ (‘Burma’) and ‘Bangladesh’ to the east)
(in the ‘Indian Ocean’, ‘India’ is in the vicinity of ‘Sri Lanka’ and the ‘Maldives’; in addition, India’s ‘Andaman’ and ‘Nicobar Islands’ share a maritime border with ‘Thailand’ and ‘Indonesia’)
(India’s capital is ‘New Delhi’; other metropolises include ‘Mumbai’, ‘Bangalore’, ‘Chennai’, ‘Hyderabad’, ‘Ahmedabad’, and ‘Kolkata’)
(home to the ancient ‘Indus Valley Civilisation’ and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history)
(4 religions—’Hinduism’, ‘Buddhism’, ‘Jainism’, and ‘Sikhism’—originated here, whereas ‘Zoroastrianism’, ‘Judaism’, ‘Christianity’, and ‘Islam’ arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also shaped the region’s diverse culture)
(gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the ‘British East India Company’ from the early 18th century and administered directly by the ‘United Kingdom’ after the ‘Indian Rebellion’ of 1857, ‘India’ became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by ‘Mahatma Gandhi’)
(in 2015, the Indian economy was the world’s 7th-largest by nominal GDP and 3rd-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP))
(following market-based economic reforms in 1991, ‘India’ became one of the fastest-growing major economies; it is considered a newly industrialised country)
(however, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, and inadequate public healthcare)
(a ‘nuclear weapons state’ and a ‘regional power’, it has the 3rd-largest standing army in the world and ranks 6th in ‘military expenditure’ among nations)
(‘india’ is a ‘federal republic’ governed under a ‘parliamentary system’ and consists of 29 states and 7 union territories)
(‘india’ is a ‘pluralistic’, ‘multilingual’, and a ‘multi-ethnic’ society)
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(it is also home to a diversity of ‘wildlife’ in a variety of protected habitats)
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Urdu (Urdu: اُردوُ, Hindi: उर्दू Urdū, IPA: [ˈʊrduː] is a Central Indo-Aryan language of the Indo-Iranian branch, belonging to the Indo-European family of languages. it is one of the two official languages (the other being English) of Pakistan
islamic new year is on the first day of Muharram, the first month in the Islamic calendar. the Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar or Hijri calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری taqwīm-e hejri-ye qamari; Turkish: Hicri Takvim) is a lunar calendar based on 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days, used to date events in many Muslim countries (concurrently with the Gregorian calendar), and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic holy days and festivals
the largest muslim denomination is sunni. followed by shia.
The Mourning of Muharram is an important period of mourning in the Shi’a branch of Islam, taking place in Muharram which is the first month of the Islamic calendar. It is also called the Remembrance of Muharram (Arabic: ذكرى محرم or مناسبة محرم). Many of the events associated with the remembrance take place in congregation halls known as Hussainia.
the event marks the anniversary of the Battle of Karbala when Imam Husayn ibn Ali, a grandson of Muhammad the founder of Islam, and a Shia Imam, was killed by the forces of the second Umayad caliph Yazid I. The event is marked by arranging ‘majalis’ (gatherings) to review Islamic teachings and to commemorate Husayn’s sacrifice. the mourning reaches its climax on the tenth day, known as Ashura, on which the forces of Yazid killed the 72 individuals who fought, including Husayn and his family and supporters. The women and children left living were made prisoners and transported to Yazid’s court in Damascus
islamic republic of pakistan
Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Urdu: محمد علی جناح; Gujarati: મુહમ્મદ અલી જીનાહ); December 25, 1876 – September 11, 1948), a 20th century politician and statesman, is regarded as the founder of Pakistan
C. Rajagopalachari’s formula (or C. R. formula or Rajaji formula) was a proposal formulated by Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari to solve the political deadlock between the All India Muslim League and Indian National Congress on independence of India from the British. The League’s position was that the Muslims and Hindus of British India were of two separate nations and hence the Muslims had the right to their own nation when India obtained independence. The Congress, which included both Hindu and Muslim members, was opposed to the idea of partitioning India. With the advent of Second World War British administration required both parties to agree so that Indian help could be sought for the war efforts.
C. Rajagopalachari, a Congress leader from Madras, devised a proposal for the Congress to offer the League the Muslim Pakistan based on plebiscite of all the peoples in the regions where Muslims made a majority. Although the formula was opposed even within the Congress party, Gandhi used it as his proposal in his talks with Jinnah in 1944. However, Jinnah rejected the proposal and the talks failed.
1961 indian annexation of Goa
The Invasion of Goa also known as the Liberation of Goa or Portuguese-Indian War, codenamed Operation Vijay by the Government of India, was the Indian armed forces action that ended Portuguese rule in its Indian enclaves in 1961
The Supreme Court (Urdu: عدالت عظمیٰ) is the apex court in Pakistan’s judicial hierarchy, the final arbiter of legal and constitutional disputes
The National Reconciliation Ordinance (NRO) was an ordinance issued by the former President of Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf, on October 5, 2007. It granted amnesty to politicians, political workers and bureaucrats who were accused of corruption, embezzlement, money laundering, murder, and terrorism between January 1, 1986, and October 12, 1999, the time between two states of martial law in Pakistan. It was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Pakistan on December 16, 2009. this means that the pakistanis will now be cleaning out their corruption closets. this could open whole new cans of worms. much like how obama put the bush goons on trial once he came to power.
Asif Ali Zardari (Urdu, Sindhi: آصف علی زرداری; born 26 July 1955) is the 11th and current President of Pakistan and the Co-Chairman of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). Zardari is the widower of Benazir Bhutto, who twice served as Prime Minister of Pakistan. When his wife was assassinated in December 2007, he became the leader of the PPP. Zardari is among the five richest men in Pakistan with an estimated net worth of US$1.8 billion (2005)
RIVERS:
indus
ganges
STATES:
(28 states)
BIHAR
inai
GUJARAT
“shah jahan”
(emperor of the mughal empire)
(1628 – 1658)
“the great divide”
(partition of british india)
(muslims versus hindus)
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥