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(analog pre-cursors to ‘touch screens’?)
*french pronunciation: [bʁaj]*
/ˈbreɪl/
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(‘braille’ is a tactile writing system used by people who are ‘blind’ or ‘visually impaired’)
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(it is traditionally written with ’embossed paper’)
(‘braille’ users can read computer screens and other electronic supports thanks to ‘refreshable braille displays’)
(they can write braille with the original slate and stylus or type it on a braille writer, such as a portable braille notetaker or computer that prints with a braille embosser)
(braille is named after its creator, ‘louis braille’, a Frenchman who lost his sight as a result of a childhood accident)
(in 1824, at age 15, he developed a code for the French alphabet as an improvement on night writing)
(he published his system, which subsequently included musical notation, in 1829)
(the second revision, published in 1837, was the first binary form of writing developed in the modern era)
(braille characters are rectangular blocks called cells containing tiny bumps called raised dots”)
(the number and arrangement of these dots distinguish one character from another)
(since the various braille alphabets originated as transcription codes for printed writing, the mappings (sets of character designations) vary from language to language)
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(furthermore, in ‘english braille’ there are 3 levels of ‘encoding’…)
‘Grade 1’ –
(a letter-by-letter transcription used for basic literacy)
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‘Grade 2’
(an addition of abbreviations and contractions)
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‘Grade 3’
(various non-standardized personal shorthands)
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(‘braille cells’ are not the only thing to appear in ‘braille text’)
(there may be embossed illustrations and graphs, with the lines either solid or made of series of dots, arrows, bullets that are larger than braille dots, etc)
(a full braille cell includes six raised dots arranged in two columns, each having three dots)
(the dot positions are identified by numbers from one through six)
(64 solutions are possible using one or more dots)
(a cell can be used to represent a letter, number, punctuation mark, or even a word)
(in the face of screen reader software, braille usage has declined)
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(however, because it teaches ‘spelling’ + ‘punctuation’, ‘braille education’ remains important for developing ‘reading skills’ among ‘blind’ / ‘visually impaired’ children)
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(‘braille literacy’ correlates with higher ’employment rates’)
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥