*charles darwin*

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*charles robert darwin*

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/ˈdɑːrwɪn/

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‘FRS’ – *’fellow’ of the ‘royal society’*

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‘FRGS’ – “‘fellow’ of the royal geographical society”

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‘FLS’ – *’linnean society’ of ‘london’*

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‘FZS’ – *’zoological society’ of ‘london’* 

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(’12 february 1809′ – ’19 april 1882′)

(‘born’ + ‘died’ in ‘england’)

(*’angina pectoris’ –> ‘chest / ‘heart’ pains*)

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english ‘naturalist + ‘geologist’

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*best known for his contributions to the science of ‘evolution’*

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(he established that all ‘species’ of ‘life’ have descended over time from ‘common ancestors’)

(in a ‘joint publication’ with ‘alfred russel wallace’, ‘darwin’ introduced his ‘scientific theory’ that this branching pattern of ‘evolution’ resulted from a process that he called ‘natural selection’ in which the ‘struggle for existence’ has a similar effect to the ‘artificial selection’ involved in ‘selective breeding’)

(‘darwin’ published his ‘theory of evolution’ with compelling evidence in his 1859 book on the origin of species, overcoming ‘scientific rejection’ of earlier concepts of ‘transmutation’ of ‘species’)

(‘evolution’ as ‘spectrum’ (not ‘discrete’))

(‘species evolution’ as ‘gradual’ rather then ‘instant’)

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(by the ‘1870s’, the ‘scientific community’ + much of the ‘general public’ had accepted ‘evolution’ as a ‘fact’)

(however, many favored ‘competing explanations’ + it was not until the emergence of the ‘modern evolutionary synthesis’ from the ‘1930s’ to the ‘1950s’ that a ‘broad consensus’ developed in which ‘natural selection’ was the basic mechanism of ‘evolution’)

(in ‘modified form’, darwin’s ‘scientific discovery’ is the ‘unifying theory’ of the ‘life sciences’, explaining the diversity of ‘life’)

(darwin’s early interest in ‘nature’ led him to neglect his ‘medical education’ at the ‘university of edinburgh’)

(instead, he helped to investigate ‘marine invertebrates’)

(studies at the ‘university of cambridge’ (‘christ’s college’) encouraged his passion for ‘natural science’)

(his ‘5-year voyage’ on hms beagle established him as an eminent ‘geologist’ whose ‘observations’ + ‘theories’ supported charles lyell’s ‘uniformitarian ideas’ + ‘publication’ of his journal of the ‘voyage’ made him famous as a ‘popular author’)

(puzzled by the ‘geographical distribution’ of ‘wild-life’ + ‘fossils’ he collected on the ‘voyage’, ‘darwin’ began detailed investigations + in 1838 conceived his theory of ‘natural selection’)

(although he discussed his ideas with several ‘naturalists’, he needed time for ‘extensive research’ and his ‘geological work’ had priority)

(he was writing up his theory in ‘1858’ when ‘alfred russel wallace’ sent him an essay that described the same idea, prompting immediate ‘joint publication’ of both of their ‘theories’)

(darwin’s work established ‘evolutionary descent’ with ‘modification’ as the dominant scientific explanation of ‘diversification’ in ‘nature’)

(in ‘1871’, he examined ‘human evolution’ + ‘sexual selection’ in…)

the descent of man

selection in relation to sex

(…followed by the expression of the emotions in man and animals)

(his research on plants was published in a series of books, and in his final book the formation of vegetable mould (through the actions of worms) (published in ‘1881’), he examined ‘earthworms’ and their effect on ‘soil’)

(‘darwin’ has been described as 1 of the most influential figures in human history; + was honored by burial in ‘westminster abbey’)

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*WIKI-LINK*

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👈👈👈☜*“DEAD SCIENTISTS”* ☞ 👉👉👉

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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘

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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*

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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥