"clade"

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(from ancient greek: κλάδος, klados, “branch”)

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*a clade is a group of ‘organisms’ that consists of a ‘common ancestor’ and all its ‘lineal descendants’ + represents a single “branch” on the “tree of life”*

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(the ‘common ancestor’ may be an ‘individual’, a ‘population’, a ‘species’ (‘extinct’ or ‘extant’), and so on right up to a ‘kingdom’)

(‘clades’ are nested, one in another, as each ‘branch’ in turn splits into smaller branches)

(these splits reflect ‘evolutionary history’ as ‘populations’ diverged and evolved independently)

(‘clades’ are termed ‘monophyletic’ (greek: “1 clan”))

(over the last few decades, the ‘cladistic approach’ has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among ‘organisms’)

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(increasingly, ‘taxonomists’ try to avoid naming ‘taxa’ that are not ‘clades’) (that is, ‘taxa’ that are not ‘mono-phyletic’)

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*WIKI-LINK*

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