(in the ‘physical sciences’, a phase is a region of ‘space’ (a ‘thermodynamic system’), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially ‘uniform’)
(examples of ‘physical properties’ include ‘density’, ‘index of refraction’, ‘magnetization’, and ‘chemical composition’)
(a simple description is that a ‘phase’ is a region of material that is ‘chemically uniform’, ‘physically distinct’, and (often) ‘mechanically separable’)
(in a system consisting of ‘ice’ and ‘water’ in a ‘glass jar’, the ‘ice cubes’ are one ‘phase’, the ‘water’ is a second ‘phase’, and the humid air over the water is a third ‘phase’)
(the glass of the jar is another separate ‘phase’)
(see “state of matter of glass”)
(the term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several ‘immiscible’ phases of the same ‘state’ of ‘matter’)
(also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of ‘equilibrium states’ demarcated in terms of ‘state variables’ such as ‘pressure’ and ‘temperature’ by a ‘phase boundary’ on a ‘phase diagram’)
(because ‘phase boundaries’ relate to changes in the organization of ‘matter’, such as a change from ‘liquid’ to ‘solid’ or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of “phase” as a synonym for ‘state’ of matter)
(however, the ‘state’ of matter and ‘phase diagram’ usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used)
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