“NUH II”
(963 – 997)
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(the samanid empire (persian: سامانیان, Sāmāniyān), also known as the Samanid dynasty, Samanid Emirate, or simply Samanids, was a Sunni Iranian empire, ruling from ‘819’ to ‘999’)
(the empire was mostly centered in Khorasan and Transoxiana during its existence, but at its greatest extent, the empire encompassed all of today’s Afghanistan, and large parts of Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and ‘Pakistan’)
The Samanid state was founded by four brothers; Nuh, Ahmad, Yahya, and Ilyas—each of them ruled their own territory under Abbasid suzerainty.
In 892, Isma’il ibn Ahmad (892–907) united the Samanid state under one ruler, thus effectively putting an end to the feudal system used by the Samanids.
It was also under him that the Samanids became independent of Abbasid authority.
The Samanid Empire is part of the Iranian Intermezzo, which saw the creation of a Persianate culture and identity that brought Iranian speech and traditions into the fold of the Islamic world.
This would lead to the formation of the Turko-Persian culture.
The Samanids promoted the arts, giving rise to the advancement of science and literature, and thus attracted scholars such as Rudaki, Ferdowsi, and Avicenna.
While under Samanid control, Bukhara was a rival to Baghdad in its glory.
(scholars note that the ‘samanids’ revived Persian more than the Buyids and the Saffarids, while continuing to patronize ‘arabic’ to a smaller degree)
(in a famous edict, samanid authorities declared that “here, in this region, the language is ‘persian’, and the kings of this realm are persian kings”)
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