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(“zen” (chinese: 禪; pinyin: chán) is a school of “mahayana buddhism” that originated in ‘china’ during the ‘tang dynasty’ as ‘chan buddhism’)
Zen school was strongly influenced by Taoism and developed as a distinct school of Chinese Buddhism.
From China, Chan Buddhism spread south to Vietnam, northeast to Korea and east to Japan, where it became known as Japanese Zen.
The term Zen is derived from the Japanese pronunciation of the Middle Chinese word 禪 (Chan) which traces its roots to the Indian practice of Dhyana (“meditation”).
Zen emphasizes rigorous self-control, meditation-practice, insight into Buddha-nature, and the personal expression of this insight in daily life, especially for the benefit of others.
As such, it de-emphasizes mere knowledge of sutras and doctrine and favors direct understanding through zazen and interaction with an accomplished teacher.
The teachings of Zen include various sources of Mahayana thought, especially Yogachara, the Tathāgatagarbha sūtras and the Huayan school, with their emphasis on Buddha-nature, totality, and the Bodhisattva-ideal.
(the ‘Prajñāpāramitā’ literature and, to a lesser extent, Madhyamakahave also been influential in the shaping of the “paradoxical language” of the ‘zen-tradition’)
“the kīla”
(sanskrit; Tib. Phurba, pronunciation between pur-ba & fur-pu, alt. transliterations: phurpa, phurbu or phurpu)
a three-sided peg, stake, knife, or nail like ritual implement traditionally associated with Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, Bön, and Indian Vedic traditions.
(the kīla is associated with the meditational deity (Srkt:ishtadevata, Tib. yidam) Vajrakīla or Vajrakīlaya (Tib. Dorje phurba)
(“buddhism” /ˈbudɪzəm/ is a religion and dharma that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to the ‘buddha’)
Buddhism originated in India, from where it spread through much of Asia, whereafter it declined in India during the middle ages.
(2 major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (Pali: “The School of the Elders”) and Mahayana (Sanskrit: “The Great Vehicle”))
Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices.
Practices of Buddhism include Refuge, Samatha, Vipassanā, the Mahayana practice of Bodhicitta and the Vajrayana practices of Generation stage and Completion stage.
In Theravada the ultimate goal is the attainment of the sublime state of nirvana, achieved by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way), thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth.
Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia.
Mahayana, which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon and Tiantai (Tendai), is found throughout East Asia.
Rather than Nirvana, Mahayana instead aspires to Buddhahood via the bodhisattva path, a state wherein one remains in the cycle of rebirth to help other beings reach awakening.
Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana.
Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Mongolia, and Kalmykia.
Tibetan Buddhism aspires to Buddhahood or rainbow body.
(‘buddhists’ number between an estimated 488 million and 535 million, making it one of the world’s major religions)
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