-ELEMENTARY PARTICLES-

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-as of [18 OCTOBER 2024]

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-THE [FERMION]-
(pure particles)

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-THE [BOSON]-
(wave-particle duality)

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-[ANTI-PARTICLES]-

-NEUTRINOS-

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*AKA* —>

“fundamental particles”

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-in ‘particle physics’, an elementary particle is a ‘particle’ whose ‘sub-structure’ is ‘unknown’, thus it is ‘unknown’ whether it is ‘composed’ of other ‘particles’

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(known ‘elementary particles’ include…)

*the ‘fundamental fermions’*

(‘quarks’ / ‘leptons’ / ‘anti-quarks’ / ‘anti-leptons’)

(which generally are ‘matter particles’ / ‘anti-matter particles’)

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(…as well as the ‘fundamental bosons’)

(‘gauge bosons’ / the ‘higgs boson’)

(…which generally are “force particles” that mediate interactions among ‘fermions’)

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(a ‘particle’ containing 2 or more ‘elementary particles’ is a ‘composite particle’)

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(‘everyday matter’ is composed of ‘atoms’, once presumed to be matter’s ‘elementary particles’ — atom meaning “unable to cut” in ‘greek’ — although the atom’s existence remained controversial until about ‘1910’, as some leading physicists regarded ‘molecules’ as ‘mathematical illusions’, and ‘matter’ as ultimately composed of ‘energy’)

(soon, ‘subatomic constituents’ of the ‘atom’ were identified)

(as the ‘1930s’ opened, the ‘electron’ + the ‘proton’ had been observed)
(along with the ‘photon’ (the particle of ‘electromagnetic radiation’))

(at that time, the recent advent of ‘quantum mechanics’ was radically altering the conception of ‘particles’, as a single ‘particle’ could seemingly span a field as would a ‘wave’, a paradox still eluding *satisfactory explanation*)

(via ‘quantum theory’, ‘protons’ + ‘neutrons’ were found to contain ‘quarks’ — ‘up quarks’ + ‘down quarks’ — now considered ‘elementary particles’)

(and within a ‘molecule’, the electron’s 3 ‘degrees of freedom’ (‘charge’ / ‘spin’ / ‘orbital’) can separate via ‘wavefunction’ into 3 ‘quasiparticles’ (‘holon’ / ‘spinon’ / ‘orbiton’))

(yet a ‘free electron’— which, not orbiting an ‘atomic nucleus’, lacks ‘orbital motion’ — appears ‘unsplittable’ and remains regarded as an ‘elementary particle’)

(around ‘1980’, an elementary particle’s status as indeed ‘elementary’ — an ultimate constituent of substance — was mostly discarded for a more practical outlook, embodied in particle physics’ ‘standard model’, science’s most experimentally successful theory)

(many *’elaborations upon…*’ + *’theories beyond…’* the “standard model” (including the extremely popular ‘supersymmetry’), double the # of ‘elementary particles’ by hypothesizing that each known ‘particle’ associates with a “shadow” partner far more ‘massive’, although all such ‘super-partners’ remain undiscovered)

(meanwhile, an elementary ‘boson’ mediating ‘gravitation’ — the ‘graviton’ — remains ‘hypothetical’)

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“ABOVE AND BEYOND” –>

-[COMPOSITION] OF [“ELEMENTARY” PARTICLES]-

(an ‘oxymoron’?)
(from ‘energy’ –> ‘mass’)

“and so it goes…”

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*👨‍🔬🕵️‍♀️🙇‍♀️*SKETCHES*🙇‍♂️👩‍🔬🕵️‍♂️*

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📚📖|/\-*WIKI-LINK*-/\|📖📚

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👈👈👈 ☜ *“SUB-ATOMIC PARTICLES”*☞ 👉👉👉

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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘

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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*

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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥