-german presidents-

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-as of [2 APRIL 2024]

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-FRANK-WALTER STEINMEIER-

JOACHIM GAUCK

THEODOR HEUSS

FRIEDRICH EBERT

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officially the president of the ‘federal republic’ of ‘germany’ (german: bundespräsident der bundesrepublik deutschland),

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-the president of germany is the ‘head of state’ of ‘germany’-

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(‘germany’ has a ‘parliamentary system of government’ in which the ‘federal chancellor’ is the nation’s leading political figure and de facto ‘chief executive’)

However, the President has a role which, while not an executive post, is more than ceremonial.

Presidents have extensive discretion regarding the way they exercise their official duties.

The Federal President gives direction to general political and societal debates and has some important “reserve powers” in case of political instability (such as those provided for by Article 81 of the Basic Law).

Under Article 59 (1) of the Basic Law (German Constitution), the Federal President represents the Federal Republic of Germany in matters of international law, concludes treaties with foreign states on its behalf and accredits diplomats.

Furthermore, all federal laws must be signed by the President before they can come into effect; however, he or she can only veto a law that he/she believes to violate the constitution.

The Federal President, by his or her actions and public appearances, represents the state itself, its existence, its legitimacy, and unity.

The President’s office involves an integrative role and the control function of upholding the law and the constitution.

It is a matter of political tradition – not legal restrictions – that the Federal President generally does not comment routinely on issues in the news, particularly when there is some controversy among the political parties.

This distance from day-to-day politics and daily governmental issues allows the Federal President to be a source of clarification, to influence public debate, to voice criticism, offer suggestions and make proposals.

In order to exercise this power, he/she traditionally acts above party politics.

(the current officeholder is joachim gauck who was elected on ’18 march 2012′)

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