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-[14 JANUARY 83 BCE] – [1 AUGUST 30 BCE]-
(committed suicide @ [age 53])
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‘latin form’ –> M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N)
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(‘mark’ (or ‘marc’) antony”) in ‘english’)
“mark anthony”
“marc antony”
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(the ‘dean martin’ to caesar’s ‘sinatra’)
(some sort of vaguely necessary iconic sidekick)
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-“marcus antonius” was a roman ‘politician’ + ‘general’ who played a ‘critical role’ in the ‘transformation’ of the ‘roman republic’ from an ‘oligarchy’ into the autocratic ‘roman empire’-
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(died @ ‘age 53’)
(stabbed himself in the ‘heart’ with his ‘sword’)
(much like ‘cato the younger’ a few years ago)
(as ‘caesar’ closed in on him in some part of ‘africa’)
(“wow…”)
(‘proto-eliot-smith’!)
(ha!)
(as octavian’s army came charging in)
‘caesar’ was octavian’s ‘great uncle’)
(‘octavian’ was caesar’s ‘great nephew’)
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(’14 january 83 BC’ – ‘1 august 30 BC’)
“great uncle”
(“greatuncle” doesn’t work as a ‘single word’)
(because end of ‘part 1’ ends in a ‘consonant’)
(and start of ‘part 2’ begins with a ‘vowel sound’)
(now that’s a phrase you don’t here batted around much?)
(even ‘great nephew’ sounds even more ‘awkward’)
(but why?)
(should we change the spelling to ‘nefew’?)
(and ‘uncel’ for ‘uncle’)
you risk mistakenly reading (or ‘mispronouncing’) the text as) –>
(“UNC” “LAY” for ‘uncle’)
(‘UN ‘SEL’ for ‘uncel’)
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julius caesar’ was a ‘patrician’)
(meaning he ‘was “born (a) ‘patrician'”)
(which is the only way that a person could become a ‘patrician’)
(although some hstorians cite examples of ‘rare cases’ when a person ‘became’ a ‘patrician’)
(an ‘estruscan citizen’ was once accepted into the ‘patrician’ class)
(“like indian castes”)
(or “feudalism” in the ‘middle ages’)
(“mark anthony” was born a ‘plebeian’)
(more specifically, a member of the ‘antonia’ gens)
(in ‘ancient rome’, a gens (/ˈɡɛns/ or /ˈdʒɛnz/), plural gentes, was a ‘family’ consisting of all those ‘individuals’ who shared the same ‘nomen’ and claimed descent from a ‘common ancestor’)
(aA branch of a ‘gens’ was called a ‘stirps’ (plural –> ‘stirpes’))
(the ‘gens’ was an important ‘social structure’ in ‘rome’ and throughout ‘italy’ during the period of the ‘roman republic’)
(much of an individual’s ‘social standing’ depended on the ‘gens’ to which he belonged)
(certain ‘gentes’ were considered ‘patrician’, others ‘plebeian’, while some had both ‘patrician’ and ‘plebeian’ branches)
tthe importance of ‘membership’ in a ‘gens’ declined considerably in ‘imperial times.[1][2]
(the gens antonia was a ‘roman family’ of ‘great’ (?) antiquity’, with both ‘patrician’ and ‘plebeian’ branches)
(the first of the ‘gens’ to achieve ‘prominence’ was ‘titus antonius merenda’, one of the 2nd group of ‘decemviri’ called (in ‘450 BCE’), to help draft what became the ‘law of the 12 tables’)
(the most prominent member of the ‘gens’ was ‘marcus antonius’)
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(ally of ‘caesar’, ‘triumvir’ and afterwards enemy of ‘augustus’)
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(probably the most famous of the ‘antonii’, his life is depicted in william shakespeare’s play antony + cleopatra)
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(he promulgated the leges antoniae of ’44 BCE’, which…)
*abolished the office of ‘dictator’*
*re-adjusted ‘provincial commands’*
*confirming caesar’s acta*
*granted provocatio to those convicted de maiestate + de vi*
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(‘antony’ was a supporter of ‘julius caesar’, and served as one of his ‘generals’ during the conquest of ‘gaul’ + the ‘civil war’)
(‘antony’ was appointed ‘administrator’ of ‘italy’ while ‘caesar’ eliminated political opponents in (‘greece’ / ‘north africa’ / ‘spain’))
(after caesar’s death in ’44 BCE’, ‘antony’ joined forces with ‘marcus aemilius lepidus’ (another of caesar’s generals) + ‘octavian’ (caesar’s ‘(grand?)-nephew’ + ‘adopted son’), forming a ‘3-man dictatorship’ known to historians as the ‘2nd triumvirate’)
(the ‘triumvirs’ defeated caesar’s murderers (the ‘liberatores’) at the ‘battle of philippi’ in ’42 BCE’, and divided the government of the ‘republic’ between themselves)
(‘antony’ was assigned rome’s eastern provinces, including the ‘client kingdom’ of ‘egypt’, then ruled by ‘cleopatra VII philopator’, and was given the command in rome’s war against ‘parthia’)
(relations among the ‘triumvirs’ were strained as the various members sought greater political power)
(civil war between ‘antony’ + ‘octavian’ was averted in [40 BCE], when ‘antony’ married octavian’s older sister ‘octavia’)
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(because we all know that marrying your friend’s sister is a surefire way to improve your friendship…)
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(despite this marriage, ‘antony’ carried on a ‘love affair’ with ‘cleopatra’, who bore him 3 children, further straining antony’s relations with ‘octavian’)
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👎*DOH!*👎
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(‘lepidus’ was expelled from the association in ’36 BCE’, and in ’33 BCE’ disagreements between ‘antony’ + ‘octavian’ caused a split between the remaining ‘triumvirs’)
(their ongoing hostility erupted into ‘civil war’ in ’31 BCE’, as the ‘roman senate’ (at octavian’s direction) declared war on ‘cleopatra’ and proclaimed ‘antony’ a traitor)
(later that year, ‘antony’ was defeated by octavian’s forces at the ‘battle of actium’)
(defeated, ‘antony’ and ‘cleopatra’ fled to ‘egypt’, where they committed suicide)
(with ‘antony’ dead, ‘octavian’ was the undisputed master of the ‘roman world’)
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-in [27 BCE], [octavian] was granted the title of augustus, marking the final stage in the transformation of the ‘roman republic’ into an ’empire’, with himself as the first ‘roman emperor’-
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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“FAMOUS ‘MARKS’” (FORMER FLAMES)* ☞ 👉👉👉
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👈👈👈 ☜ *“JANUARY 14TH BIRTHDAYS” (FAMOUS FIGURES)*
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥