*the ‘late romanesque tympanum’ of ‘vézelay abbey’ / ‘burgundy’ / ‘france’] dating from ‘the 1130s’*
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*TIM pan um*
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*plural tympana*
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-in ‘architecture’, a tympanum is the [‘semi-circular’ / ‘tri-angular’ decorative wall surface] over an ‘entrance’, bounded by a ‘lintel’ + ‘arch’-
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(it often contains sculpture or other imagery or ornaments)
(most architectural styles include this element)
(in ancient greek and roman and in christian architecture tympana usually contain religious imagery, when on religious buildings, and are very often the most important, or only, location for monumental sculpture on the outside of a building)
In classical architecture, and in classicising styles from the Renaissance onwards, major examples are usually triangular; in Romanesque architecture they have a semi-circular shape, or that of a thinner slice from the top of a circle, and in Gothic architecture they have a more vertical shape, coming to a point at the top.
These shapes naturally influence the typical compositions of sculpture within the tympanum.
(bands of molding surrounding the tympanum are referred to as the ‘archivolt’)
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(in ‘medieval french architecture’, the ‘tympanum’ is often supported by a ‘decorated pillar’ called a “trumeau”)
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