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*an ape is any member of the hominoidea super-family of ‘primates’, including ‘humans’*
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(‘apes’ (Hominoidea) are a branch of ‘Old World’ tailless anthropoid catarrhine primates native to ‘Africa’ and ‘Southeast Asia’)
(they are distinguished from other primates by a wider degree of freedom of motion at the shoulder joint as evolved by the influence of ‘brachiation’)
(there are two extant branches of the superfamily ‘Hominoidea’: the ‘gibbons’, or ‘lesser apes’; and the ‘hominids’, or ‘great apes’)
(the family ‘Hylobatidae’, the ‘lesser apes’, include 4 genera and a total of 16 species of ‘gibbon’, including the ‘lar gibbon’ and the ‘siamang’, all native to ‘Asia’)
(they are highly ‘arboreal’ and ‘bipedal’ on the ground)
(they have lighter bodies and smaller social groups than ‘great apes’)
(the family ‘Hominidae’, known collectively as the ‘great apes’, includes ‘orangutans’, ‘gorillas’, ‘chimpanzees’, and ‘humans’; alternatively, this family clade is also known as the ‘hominids’)
(there are 7 extant species of ‘great apes’: 2 in the ‘orangutans’ (genus Pongo), 2 in the ‘gorillas’ (genus Gorilla), 2 in the ‘chimpanzees’ (genus Pan), and a single extant species, Homo sapiens, of ‘modern humans’ (genus Homo))
(members of the superfamily ‘Hominoidea’ are called hominoids—which term is not to be confused with ‘hominids’, the family of ‘great apes’; or with the ‘hominins’, the tribe of humans also known as the ‘human clade’; or with other very similar terms of primate ‘taxa’)
(recent evidence has changed our understanding of the relationships between the ‘hominoids’, especially regarding the human lineage; and the traditionally used terms have become somewhat confused)
(competing approaches regarding ‘methodology’ and ‘terminology’ are found among current scientific sources)
(some, or – recently – all, ‘hominoids’ are also called “apes”, but the term is used broadly and has several different senses within both popular and scientific settings)
(“ape” has been used as a synonym for “monkey” or for naming any ‘primate’ with a human-like appearance, particularly those without a tail)
(thus the ‘Barbary macaque’, a kind of ‘monkey’, is popularly called the “Barbary ape”)
(biologists have traditionally used the term “ape” to mean a member of the superfamily ‘Hominoidea’ other than humans, but more recently to mean all members of ‘Hominoidea’)
(so “ape”—not to be confused with “great ape”—now becomes another word for hominoid including ‘humans’)
(except for ‘gorillas’ and ‘humans’, ‘hominoids’ are agile climbers of trees)
(their diet is best described as ‘frugivorous’ and ‘folivorous’, consisting mainly of ‘fruit’, ‘nuts’, ‘seeds’, including ‘grass seeds’, ‘leaves’, and in some cases other ‘animals’, either hunted or scavenged, or (solely in the case of the ‘humans’) farmed—along with anything else available and easily digested)
(most non-human ‘hominoids’ are ‘rare’ or ‘endangered’)
(the chief threat to most of the endangered species is ‘loss of tropical rainforest habitat’, though some populations are further imperiled by hunting for ‘bushmeat’)
(the ‘great apes’ of ‘Africa’ are also facing threat from the ‘Ebola’ virus)
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(currently considered to be the greatest threat to survival of ‘african apes’, ‘ebola’ is responsible for the death of at least ‘1/3’ of the species since ‘1990’)
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥