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-as of [21 SEPTEMBER 2024]–
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-the electric power industry is the [‘generation’ / ‘transmission’ / ‘distribution’ / ‘sale’] of ‘electric power’ to the ‘general public’-
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(the ‘electrical industry’ started with introduction of ‘electric lighting’ in ‘1882’)
(throughout the ‘1880s’ + ‘1890s’, growing ‘economic’ + ‘safety’ concerns lead to the ‘regulation’ of the ‘industry’)
(once an ‘expensive novelty’ limited to the most densely populated areas, ‘reliable’ + ‘economical’ electric power has become a requirement for normal operation of all elements of ‘developed economies’)
(by the middle of the ‘1900s’, ‘electric power’ was seen as a ‘natural monopoly’, only ‘efficient’ if a restricted # of organizations participated in the ‘market’)
(in some areas, ‘vertically-integrated companies’ provides all stages from ‘generation’ to ‘retail’, and only ‘governmental supervision’ regulated the ‘rate of return’ + ‘cost structure’)
(since the ‘1990s’, many regions have opened up the ‘generation’ + ‘distribution’ of ‘electric power’ to provide a more competitive ‘electricity market’)
(while such ‘markets’ can be ‘abusively manipulated’ with consequent adverse ‘price’ + ‘reliability’ impact to ‘consumers’, generally competitive production of ‘electrical energy’ leads to worthwhile improvements in ‘efficiency’)
(however, ‘transmission’ + ‘distribution’ are harder problems)
(since ‘returns on investment’ are not as easy to find)
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