“Es LAYER”

*the “Es layer” (“sporadic E-layer”) is characterized by small, thin clouds of intense ‘ionization’, which can support reflection of ‘radio waves’, rarely up to ‘225 MHz’*

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(‘Sporadic-E events’ may last for just a few minutes to several hours)

(‘Sporadic E’ propagation makes ‘VHF-operating’ radio amateurs very excited, as ‘propagation paths’ that are generally unreachable can open up)

(there are multiple causes of ‘sporadic-E’ that are still being pursued by researchers)

(this propagation occurs most frequently during the summer months when high signal levels may be reached)

(the skip distances are generally around 1,640 km (1,020 mi))

(distances for ‘one hop propagation’ can be anywhere from 900 km (560 mi) to 2,500 km (1,600 mi))

(‘double-hop reception’ over 3,500 km (2,200 mi) is possible)

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*👨‍🔬🕵️‍♀️🙇‍♀️*SKETCHES*🙇‍♂️👩‍🔬🕵️‍♂️*

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👈👈👈 ☜ *“E LAYER”*

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*“F LAYER”* ☞ 👉👉👉

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👈👈👈☜*“4 LAYERS OF EARTH’S IONO-SPHERE”* ☞ 👉👉👉

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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘

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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*

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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥