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(‘gamma-ray bursts’ (GRBs) are flashes of ‘gamma rays’ associated with ‘extremely energetic explosions’ in ‘distant galaxies’)
(‘gamma rays’ (denoted as γ) are ‘electromagnetic radiation’ of ‘high frequency’)
(and very short ‘wavelengths’)
(‘GRBs’ are the most ‘luminous’ (aka ‘brightness’ measured in ‘lumens’) electromagnetic events occurring in the ‘universe’)
(once ‘gamma ray’ passes through ‘earth’, it’ll be all over)
(“that’s a wrap” announces joe rogan)
(“gamma ray” (also called gamma radiation), denoted by the lower-case greek letter gamma (γ or γ ), is penetrating ‘electromagnetic radiation’ of a kind arising from the ‘radioactive decay’ of ‘atomic nuclei’ and consists of ‘high-energy photons’)
(‘paul villard’, a french ‘chemist’ and ‘physicist’, discovered ‘gamma radiation’ in ‘1900’ while studying radiation emitted by ‘radium’)
(in ‘1903’, ‘ernest rutherford’ named this radiation “gamma rays”)
(‘rutherford’ had previously discovered 2 other types of ‘radioactive decay’, which he named “alpha” and “beta rays”)
(“gamma rays” are able to ‘ionize’ other ‘atoms’ (aka ‘ionizing radiation’), and are thus ‘biologically hazardous’)
(the ‘decay’ of an ‘atomic nucleus’ from a ‘high energy state’ to a ‘lower energy state’, a process called gamma decay, produces “gamma radiation”)
(natural sources of ‘gamma rays’ on ‘earth’ are observed in the ‘gamma decay’ of ‘radionuclides’ and ‘secondary radiation’ from ‘atmospheric interactions’ with ‘cosmic ray particles’)
(there are rare ‘terrestrial natural sources’, such as ‘lightning strikes’ and ‘terrestrial gamma-ray flashes’, that produce ‘gamma rays’ not of a ‘nuclear origin’)
(additionally, ‘gamma rays’ are produced by a number of ‘astronomical processes’ in which very ‘high-energy electrons’ are produced, that in turn cause ‘secondary gamma rays’ via ‘bremsstrahlung’, ‘inverse compton scattering’, and ‘synchrotron radiation’)
(however, a large fraction of such ‘astronomical gamma rays’ are screened by earth’s atmosphere and can only be detected by ‘spacecraft’)
(‘gamma rays’ are produced by ‘nuclear fusion’ in ‘stars’ including the ‘sun’ (such as the ‘CNO cycle’), but are ‘absorbed’ or ‘inelastically scattered’ by the ‘stellar material’, reducing their ‘energy’, before ‘escaping’ and are not observable from ‘earth’ as ‘gamma rays’)
(‘gamma rays’ typically have ‘frequencies’ above ’10 exahertz’ (or >1019 Hz), and therefore have ‘energies’ above ‘100 keV’ and ‘wavelengths’ less than ’10 picometers’ (10−11 m), which is less than the ‘diameter’ of an ‘atom’)
(however, this is not a ‘strict definition’, but rather only a ‘rule-of-thumb description’ for ‘natural processes’)
(‘electromagnetic radiation’ from ‘radioactive decay’ of ‘atomic nuclei’ is referred to as “gamma rays” no matter its ‘energy’, so that there is no lower limit to ‘gamma energy’ derived from ‘radioactive decay’)
(this ‘radiation’ commonly has ‘energy’ of a ‘few hundred keV’, and almost always less than ’10 MeV’)
(in ‘astronomy’, ‘gamma rays’ are defined by their ‘energy’, and no ‘production process’ needs to be specified)
(the ‘energies’ of ‘gamma rays’ from ‘astronomical sources’ range to over ’10 TeV’, an ‘energy’ far too large to result from ‘radioactive decay’)
(a notable example is the extremely powerful bursts of ‘high-energy radiation’ referred to as ‘long duration gamma-ray bursts’, of ‘energies’ higher than can be produced by ‘radioactive decay’)
(these bursts of ‘gamma rays’, thought to be due to the ‘collapse’ of ‘stars’ called ‘hypernovae’, are the most powerful events so far discovered in the ‘cosmos’)
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👈👈👈☜*“IONIZING RADIATION”* ☞ 👉👉👉
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥