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“a large persistent body of ice”
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‘US’ –> /ˈɡleɪʃər/
‘UK’ –> /ˈɡlæsiə/
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(a glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight)
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it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries)
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(‘glaciers’ slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, creating crevasses, seracs, and other distinguishing features)
(they also abrade rock and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines)
(‘glaciers’ form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water)
(on ‘earth’, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast ice sheets in the polar regions, but glaciers may be found in mountain ranges on every continent except ‘australia’, and on a few high-latitude oceanic islands)
(between 35°N and 35°S, glaciers occur only in the Himalayas, Andes, Rocky Mountains, a few high mountains in East Africa, Mexico, New Guinea and on Zard Kuh in ‘iran’)
(‘glaciers’ cover about 10% of Earth’s land surface)
(continental glaciers cover nearly 13,000,000 km2 (5×106 sq mi) or about 98 percent of Antarctica’s 13,200,000 km2 (5.1×106 sq mi), with an average thickness of 2,100 m (7,000 ft))
(‘greenland’ and ‘patagonia’ also have huge expanses of ‘continental glaciers’)
(‘glacial ice’ is the largest reservoir of fresh water on ‘earth’)
(many ‘glaciers’ from temperate, alpine and seasonal polar climates store water as ice during the colder seasons and release it later in the form of meltwater as warmer summer temperatures cause the glacier to melt, creating a water source that is especially important for plants, animals and human uses when other sources may be scant)
(within high altitude and antarctic environments, the seasonal temperature difference is often not sufficient to release meltwater)
(because ‘glacial mass’ is affected by long-term climactic changes, e.g., precipitation, mean temperature, and cloud cover, glacial mass changes are considered among the most sensitive indicators of climate change and are a major source of variations in ‘sea level’)
(a large piece of compressed ice, or a glacier, appears ‘blue’ as large quantities of water appear ‘blue’)
(this is because water molecules absorb other colors more efficiently than ‘blue’)
(the other reason for the blue color of glaciers is the lack of ‘air bubbles’)
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(‘air bubbles’ – which give a ‘white color’ to ‘ice’ – are squeezed out by ‘pressure’ increasing the ‘density’ of the created ‘ice’)
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