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(Punic language: π€π€π€π€π€ π€π€π€, αΈ₯nbβl brq; 247 β between 183 and 181 BC)
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(“hannibal barca” was a carthaginian general, considered one of the greatest military commanders in history)
(his father “Hamilcar Barca” was the leading Carthaginian commander during the “First Punic War”)
(his younger brothers were ‘Mago’ and ‘Hasdrubal’, and he was brother-in-law to ‘Hasdrubal the Fair’)
(‘Hannibal’ lived during a period of great tension in the ‘Mediterranean Basin’, when the ‘Roman Republic’ established its supremacy over other great powers such as ancient Carthage and the Greek kingdoms of Macedonia, Syracuse, and the ‘Seleucid Empire’)
(one of his most famous achievements was at the outbreak of the ‘Second Punic War’, when he marched an army which included war elephants from Iberia over the Pyrenees and the Alps into ‘Italy’)
(in his first few years in Italy, he won 3 dramatic victoriesβthe ‘Trebia’, ‘Lake Trasimene’, and ‘Cannae’, in which he distinguished himself for his ability to determine his and his opponent’s respective strengths and weaknesses, and to plan the battle accordinglyβ and won over many allies of ‘rome’)
(‘hannibal’ occupied much of Italy for 15 years but was unable to march on ‘rome’)
(an enemy counter-invasion of ‘North Africa’ forced him to return to ‘Carthage’, where he was decisively defeated by ‘Scipio Africanus’ at the ‘Battle of Zama’)
(‘Scipio’ had studied Hannibal’s tactics and brilliantly devised some of his own, and finally defeated Rome’s nemesis at ‘Zama’, having previously driven Hannibal’s brother ‘Hasdrubal’ out of the ‘Iberian Peninsula’)
(after the war, ‘hannibal’ successfully ran for the office of ‘sufet’)
(he enacted political and financial reforms to enable the payment of the war indemnity imposed by ‘rome’; however, Hannibal’s reforms were unpopular with members of the ‘carthaginian aristocracy’ and in ‘rome’, and he fled into ‘voluntary exile’)
(during this time, he lived at the ‘seleucid court’, where he acted as ‘military advisor’ to ‘Antiochus III the Great’ in his war against ‘rome’)
(‘Antiochus’ met defeat at the ‘Battle of Magnesia’ and was forced to accept Rome’s terms, and ‘Hannibal’ fled again, making a stop in the ‘Kingdom of Armenia’)
(his flight ended in the court of ‘Bithynia’, where he achieved an outstanding naval victory against a fleet from ‘Pergamon’)
(he was afterwards betrayed to the romans and committed suicide by poisoning himself)
(‘hannibal’ is often regarded as one of the greatest military strategists in history and one of the greatest generals of ‘mediterranean antiquity’, together with ‘Philip of Macedon’, ‘Alexander the Great’, ‘Julius Caesar’, and ‘Scipio Africanus’)
(‘plutarch’ states that ‘hannibal’ was questioned by ‘scipio’ as to who was the greatest general, and ‘hannibal’ replied either ‘alexander’ or ‘pyrrhus’, then himself, or, according to another version of the event, ‘Pyrrhus’, ‘Scipio’, then himself)
(military historian ‘Theodore Ayrault Dodge’ called Hannibal the “father of strategy”,Β because his greatest enemy, ‘Rome’, came to adopt elements of his military tactics in its own strategic arsenal)
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(this praise has earned him a strong reputation in the modern world, and he was regarded as a great strategist by ‘napoleon’ and others)
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πππβ*βTHE 2ND PUNIC WARβ* β πππ
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πππππ€ππ€ππ€ππ€β€οΈπππ§‘β£οΈπππβ£οΈπ§‘ππβ€οΈπ€ππ€ππ€ππ€ππππ
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*πβ¨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* β¨π·*
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π₯π₯π₯π₯π₯π₯*we won the war* π₯π₯π₯π₯π₯π₯