-MAGNETISM-

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-as of [21 SEPTEMBER 2024]

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-MAGNETS-

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-‘magnetism’ is a ‘class’ of ‘physical phenomena’ that are mediated by ‘magnetic fields’

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(“electric currents” + the ‘magnetic moments’ of ‘elementary particles’ give rise to a ‘magnetic field’, which acts on other ‘currents’ and ‘magnetic moments’)

(every material is influenced to some extent by a ‘magnetic field’)

(the most familiar effect is on ‘permanent magnets’, which have persistent ‘magnetic moments’ caused by ‘ferromagnetism’)

(most ‘materials’ do not have ‘permanent moments’)

(some are ‘attracted’ to a ‘magnetic field’ (aka ‘paramagnetism’); others are ‘repulsed’ by a ‘magnetic field’ (aka ‘diamagnetism’); others have a more complex relationship with an ‘applied magnetic field’ (‘spin glass behavior’ / ‘antiferromagnetism’))

(‘substances’ that are negligibly affected by ‘magnetic fields’ are known as non-magnetic substances)

(these include ‘copper’, ‘aluminium’, ‘gases’, and ‘plastic’)

(‘pure oxygen’ exhibits ‘magnetic properties’ when cooled to a ‘liquid state’)

(the ‘magnetic state’ (or ‘magnetic phase’) of a material depends on ‘temperature’ and other ‘variables’ such as ‘pressure’ and the ‘applied magnetic field’)

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(a ‘material’ may exhibit more than 1 form of ‘magnetism’ as these ‘variables’ change)

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