“northern ireland” - -KINGDOM OF JOGA-

(1 (of 4) ‘countries’ of ‘the united kingdom’)

(the remaining 3 – ‘england’ / ‘wales’ / ‘scotland’ – are on the island of ‘great britain’)

(‘northern ireland’ provisionally became an ‘autonomous part’ of the ‘irish free state’ on ‘6 december 1922’)

(however, as expected, the ‘parliament’ of ‘northern ireland’ (later termed a ‘protestant parliament’ for a ‘protestant people’), chose (under the terms of the ‘anglo-irish treaty’), to opt out of the ‘irish free state’ the following day)

(shortly after ‘northern ireland’ had exercised its opt out of the ‘irish free State, a ‘boundary commission’ was established to decide on the ‘territorial boundaries’ between the ‘irish free state’ + ‘northern ireland’)

(though leaders in ‘dublin’ expected a substantial reduction in the territory of ‘northern ireland’ (with ‘nationalist border areas’ moving to the ‘free state’), the ‘boundary commission’ decided against this; in fact the unpublished report had recommended that land should be ceded from ‘southern ireland’ to ‘northern ireland’)

(to prevent ‘argument’, this report was suppressed, and the initial ‘6-county border’ was approved by the ‘dáil’ in ‘dublin’ on ’10 december 1925′ by a vote of ’71’ to ’20’)

(in ‘june 1940’, to encourage the ‘irish state’ to join with the ‘allies’, british prime minister ‘winston churchill’ indicated to the ‘taoiseach éamon de valera’ that the ‘united kingdom’ would push for ‘irish unity’, but believing that ‘churchill’ could not deliver, ‘de valera’ declined the offer)

(the ‘british’ did not inform the ‘government of ‘northern ireland” that they had made the offer to the ‘dublin government’, and de valera’s rejection was not publicized until ‘1970’)

(just as the granting of ‘independnce’ from ‘britiain’ led to ‘civil wars’ in (‘india’ / ‘pakistan’) and (‘israel’ / ‘palestine’)

(or ‘america/spanish/indian’ in ‘united states’ for that matter)

(the ireland act of 1949 gave the first legal guarantee to the ‘parliament’ + “executive committee of the privy council’ of ‘northern ireland government’ that ‘northern ireland’ would not cease to be part of the ‘united kingdom’ without consent of the ‘majority’ of its ‘citizens’)

(‘the troubles’ (starting in the ‘late 1960s’) consisted of about ’30 years’ of recurring acts of ‘intense violence’ between elements of northern ireland’s ‘nationalist community’ (principally ‘roman catholic’) + ‘unionist community (principally Protestant) during which 3,254 people were killed)

(define ‘intense violence’)
(based on frequency of ‘violent incidents’?)
(or # of ‘casualties’?)

(‘3000 deaths’ in ’30 years’)
(hmmm…)
(makes for ~100 a year)
(because ‘european deaths’ are somehow regared as more ‘tragic’ than ‘non-white deaths’ in the rest of the world)
(and ‘ireland’ is as ‘white’ as a country can possibly be)
(akiin to coverage of ‘kidnapped white children’

“define ‘white’*

(how many casualties on each side?)
(‘civilian’ or ‘military’ casualties?)
(did the rest of the ‘united kingdom’ take measures to defend ‘northern ireland’ from ‘southern island’?)

The conflict was caused by the disputed status of Northern Ireland within the United Kingdom and the discrimination against the nationalist minority by the dominant unionist majority.

The violence was characterised by the armed campaigns of paramilitary groups, including the Provisional IRA campaign of 1969-1997 which was aimed at the end of British rule in Northern Ireland and the creation of a new “all-Ireland”, “thirty-two county” Irish Republic, and the Ulster Volunteer Force, formed in 1966 in response to the perceived erosion of both the British character and unionist domination of Northern Ireland.

(the state security forces — the British Army and the police (the “Royal Ulster Constabulary”) – were also involved in the violence)

(the british government’s point of view is that its forces were neutral in the conflict, trying to uphold law and order in Northern Ireland and the right of the people of Northern Ireland to democratic self-determination)

(irish republicans regarded the state forces as combatants” in the conflict, alleging collusion between the state forces and the loyalist paramilitaries as proof of this)

(the “Ballast” investigation by the Police Ombudsman has confirmed that British forces, and in particular the RUC, did collude with loyalist paramilitaries, were involved in murder, and did obstruct the course of justice when such claims had previously been investigated, although the extent to which such collusion occurred is still hotly disputed)

30 january 1972

bloody sunday (aka bogside massacre?)

derry, northern Ireland

twenty-six unarmed civil rights protesters and bystanders were shot by members of the British Army

(wow, that’s worse than the carnage from the american civil rights marches a few years back!)

Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association march

the soldiers involved were the First Battalion of the Parachute Regiment (1 Para)

Thirteen men, seven of whom were teenagers, died immediately or soon after, while the death of another man four and a half months later has been attributed to the injuries he received on that day.

(two protesters were injured when they were run down by army vehicles)

(five of those wounded were shot in the back)

(the irish and the indians are just like the americans)

(we all struggle to win our independence from the brits)

(the irish still seem to have a ways to go)

(the northern ireland partition just making things all sloppy)

(sorta like the whole israel/palestine partitition)

(just like I’m trying to overshadow the beatles)

(who were sons of irish immigrants to the isles themselves)

saville inquiry into ‘bloody sunday’ finds that british army was ‘unjustified’ in shooting 27 civilians

(that was 1972!)

(this is 2010!)

(this is the second inquiry into the massacre!)

(ordered back in 1998 by tony blair!)
(the brits are mostly wasting time!)

(like the boston massacre?)

(historical british troops much like current israeli soldiers)
(whom i’ve always felt sorta sorry for)
(faced with obnoxious rioters throwing stones?)
(damned whether they do or don’t)

(‘northern ireland’ seems the ‘boring’ part of ireland)
(devoid of ‘irish charm’)

(‘Northern Ireland’ (Irish: Tuaisceart Éireann [ˈt̪ˠuəʃcəɾˠt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ] ( listen); Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a part of the ‘United Kingdom’ in the north-east of the island of ‘Ireland’, variously described as a ‘country’, ‘province’, or ‘region’)

(‘Northern Ireland’ shares a border to the south and west with the ‘Republic of Ireland’)

(in 2011, its population was 1,810,863, constituting about 30% of the island’s total population and about 3% of the UK’s population)

(established by the ‘Northern Ireland Act 1998’ as part of the ‘Good Friday Agreement’, the ‘Northern Ireland Assembly’ holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, while other areas are reserved for the British government)

(‘Northern Ireland’ co-operates with the ‘Republic of Ireland’ in some areas, and the ‘Agreement’ granted the ‘Republic’ the ability to “put forward views and proposals” with “determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments”)

(‘Northern Ireland’ was created in 1921, when ‘Ireland’ was partitioned between ‘Northern Ireland’ and ‘Southern Ireland’ by the ‘Government of Ireland Act 1920’)

(unlike ‘Southern Ireland’, which would become the ‘Irish Free State’ in 1922, the majority of Northern Ireland’s population were ‘unionists’, who wanted to remain within the ‘United Kingdom’)

(most of these were the protestant descendants of colonists from ‘Great Britain’)

(however, a significant minority, mostly ‘Catholics’, were nationalists who wanted a united ‘Ireland’ independent of british rule)

(today, the former generally see themselves as ‘British’ and the latter generally see themselves as ‘Irish’, while a distinct ‘Northern Irish’ or ‘Ulster’ identity is claimed both by a large minority of ‘Catholics’ and ‘Protestants’ and by many of those who are non-aligned)

(for most of the 20th century, when it came into existence, ‘Northern Ireland’ was marked by discrimination and hostility between these 2 sides in what First Minister of Northern Ireland ‘David Trimble’ called a “cold house” for ‘Catholics’)

(in the late 1960s, conflict between state forces and chiefly Protestant unionists on the one hand, and chiefly Catholic nationalists on the other, erupted into three decades of violence known as ‘the troubles’, which claimed over 3,500 lives and caused over 50,000 casualties)

(the ‘1998 Good Friday Agreement’ was a major step in the peace process, including the decommissioning of weapons, although sectarianism and religious segregation still remain major social problems, and sporadic violence has continued)

(‘Northern Ireland’ has historically been the most industrialized region of ‘Ireland’)

(after declining as a result of the political and social turmoil of ‘the troubles’, its economy has grown significantly since the late 1990s)

(the initial growth came from the “peace dividend” and the links which increased trade with the ‘Republic of Ireland’, continuing with a significant increase in ‘tourism’, ‘investment’, and ‘business’ from around the world)

(unemployment in ‘Northern Ireland’ peaked at 17.2% in 1986, dropping to 6.1% for June–August 2014 and down by 1.2 percentage points over the year, similar to the UK figure of 6.2%)

(58.2% of those unemployed had been unemployed for over a year)

(prominent artists and sportspeople from ‘Northern Ireland’ include ‘Van Morrison’, ‘Rory McIlroy’, ‘Joey Dunlop’, ‘Wayne McCullough’, and ‘George Best’)

(some people from ‘Northern Ireland’ prefer to identify as ‘Irish’ (e.g., poet ‘Seamus Heaney’ and actor ‘Liam Neeson’) while others prefer to identify as ‘British’ (e.g. actor ‘Kenneth Branagh’))

(cultural links between ‘Northern Ireland’, the rest of ‘Ireland’, and the rest of the ‘UK’ are complex, with ‘Northern Ireland’ sharing both the culture of ‘Ireland’ and the culture of the ‘United Kingdom’)

(in many sports, the island of ‘Ireland’ fields a single team, a notable exception being ‘association football’)

(‘northern ireland’ competes separately at the ‘commonwealth games’, and people from ‘northern ireland’ may compete for either ‘great britain’ or ‘ireland’ at the ‘olympic games’)

(how is this fair?)

(shouldn’t the olympics be more strictly defined by ‘nation’?)

(otherwise, you could stack either the ‘irish’ or ‘british’ teams)

(they’re probably not very good at many sports anyway)

(or are they?)

(quite an interesting ‘state of affairs’…)

(both ‘ireland’ and the ‘united kingdom’ strove for ‘control’ of ‘northern ireland’)

(which means ‘southern island’ want the ‘north / ‘south’ irish border moved north)

(and ‘northern islanders’ want to be part of the…)

NORTHERN IRELAND:

britain controls northern ireland

(one of 4 countries of united kingdom)

northern ireland provisionally became an autonomous part of the irish free state on 6 December 1922

However, as expected, the HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Northern_Ireland” \o “Parliament of Northern Ireland” Parliament of Northern Ireland, later termed a HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Protestant_Parliament_for_a_Protestant_People” \o “A Protestant Parliament for a Protestant People” Protestant Parliament for a Protestant people, chose, under the terms of the HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty” \o “Anglo-Irish Treaty” Anglo-Irish Treaty, to opt out of the Irish Free State the following day.^{HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_ireland” \l “cite_note-15”}^[16] Shortly after Northern Ireland had exercised its opt out of the Irish Free State, a HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Boundary_Commission” \o “Irish Boundary Commission” Boundary Commission was established to decide on the territorial boundaries between the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland. Though leaders in Dublin expected a substantial reduction in the territory of Northern Ireland (with nationalist border areas moving to the Free State), the Boundary Commission decided against this; in fact the unpublished report had recommended that land should be ceded from Southern Ireland to Northern Ireland. To prevent argument, this report was suppressed, and the initial 6-county border was approved by the HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1il” \o “Dáil” Dáil in Dublin on 10 December 1925 by a vote of 71 to 20.^{HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_ireland” \l “cite_note-16”}^[17]

In June 1940, to encourage the Irish state to join with the HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II” \o “Allies of World War II” Allies, British Prime Minister HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill” \o “Winston Churchill” Winston Churchill indicated to the HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach” \o “Taoiseach” Taoiseach HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera” \o “Éamon de Valera” Éamon de Valera that the United Kingdom would push for HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Ireland” \o “United Ireland” Irish unity, but believing that Churchill could not deliver, de Valera declined the offer.^{HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_ireland” \l “cite_note-17”}^[18] (The British did not inform the Government of Northern Ireland that they had made the offer to the Dublin government, and De Valera’s rejection was not publicised until 1970).

(just like the british leaving messes in india/pakistan and israel/palestine)

(or america/spanish/indian in US for that matter)

The HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_Act_1949” \o “Ireland Act 1949” Ireland Act 1949 gave the first legal guarantee to the HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Northern_Ireland” \o “Parliament of Northern Ireland” Parliament and HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council_of_Northern_Ireland” \o “Executive Committee of the Privy Council of Northern Ireland” Government that Northern Ireland would not cease to be part of the HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom” \o “United Kingdom” United Kingdom without consent of the majority of its citizens.

‘The Troubles’, starting in the late 1960s, consisted of about thirty years of recurring acts of intense violence between elements of Northern Ireland’s nationalist community (principally Roman Catholic) and unionist community (principally Protestant) during which 3,254 people were killed

(that’s really not so many over the course of 30 years!)

The conflict was caused by the disputed status of Northern Ireland within the HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom” \o “United Kingdom” United Kingdom and the discrimination against the nationalist minority by the dominant unionist majority.^[^{HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed” \o “Wikipedia:Citation needed”}^{citation needed}^] The violence was characterised by the armed campaigns of paramilitary groups, including the HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_IRA_campaign_1969-1997” \o “Provisional IRA campaign 1969-1997” Provisional IRA campaign of 1969-1997 which was aimed at the end of British rule in Northern Ireland and the creation of a new “all-Ireland”, “thirty-two county” HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Republic” \o “Irish Republic” Irish Republic, and the HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Volunteer_Force” \o “Ulster Volunteer Force” Ulster Volunteer Force, formed in 1966 in response to the perceived erosion of both the British character and HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionist_%28Ireland%29” \o “Unionist (Ireland)” unionist domination of Northern Ireland. The state security forces — the HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army” \o “British Army” British Army and the police (the HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary” \o “Royal Ulster Constabulary” Royal Ulster Constabulary) – were also involved in the violence. The British government’s point of view is that its forces were neutral in the conflict, trying to uphold law and order in Northern Ireland and the right of the people of Northern Ireland to democratic self-determination. HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_republicans” \o “Irish republicans” Irish republicans regarded the state forces as ” HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combatants” \o “Combatants” combatants” in the conflict, alleging HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Troubles” \l “Collusion_between_security_forces_and_loyalist_paramilitaries” \o “The Troubles” collusion between the state forces and the loyalist paramilitaries as proof of this.

the “Ballast” investigation by the Police Ombudsman has confirmed that British forces, and in particular the RUC, did collude with loyalist paramilitaries, were involved in murder, and did obstruct the course of justice when such claims had previously been investigated, although the extent to which such collusion occurred is still hotly disputed