(“old english” (Ænglisc, Anglisc, Englisc) or “anglo-saxon” is the earliest historical form of the ‘english language’, spoken in ‘england’ and ‘southern’ and ‘eastern’ scotland in the ‘early middle ages’)
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(it was brought to ‘great britain’ by ‘anglo-saxon’ settlers probably in the ‘mid-5th century’, and the first ‘old english’ literary works date from the ‘mid-7th century’ (aka ‘the 600s’))
(after the ‘norman conquest of 1066’, ‘english’ was replaced, for a time, as the “language of the (‘alleged; / ‘so-called’) ‘upper classes”” by ‘anglo-norman’ (a relative of ‘french’))
(this is regarded as marking the end of the ‘old english era’, as during this period the ‘english language’ was heavily influenced by ‘anglo-norman’, developing into a phase known now as ‘middle english’)
(‘old english’ developed from a set of ‘Anglo-Frisian’ or ‘North Sea Germanic’ dialects originally spoken by ‘germanic tribes’ traditionally known as the ‘angles’, ‘saxons’, and ‘jutes’)
(as the ‘anglo-saxons’ became dominant in ‘england’, their language replaced the languages of ‘Roman Britain’: )
THEY REPLACED:
“common brittonic”
(a celtic language)
“latin”
(brought to britain by ‘roman invasion’)
‘Common Brittonic’, a ‘celtic language’, and ‘latin’, brought to ‘britain’ by ‘roman invasion’)
(‘Old English’ had 4 main dialects, associated with particular ‘anglo-saxon’ kingdoms: ‘mercian’, ‘northumbrian’, ‘kentish’, and ‘west saxon’)
(it was ‘west saxon’ that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later ‘old english period’, although the dominant forms of ‘middle’ and ‘modern english’ would develop mainly from ‘mercian’)
(the speech of ‘eastern’ and ‘northern’ parts of ‘england’ was subject to strong ‘old norse’ influence due to ‘scandinavian rule’ and settlement beginning in the 9th century)
(‘Old English’ is one of the ‘West Germanic’ languages, and its closest relatives are ‘Old Frisian’ and ‘Old Saxon’)
(like other old ‘germanic languages’, it is very different from ‘Modern English and difficult for ‘Modern English’ speakers to understand without study)
(‘old english’ grammar is quite similar to that of ‘modern german’: ‘nouns’, ‘adjectives’, ‘pronouns’, and ‘verbs’ have many inflectional endings and forms, and word order is much freer)
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(the oldest ‘old english’ inscriptions were written using a ‘runic system’, but from about the 9th century this was replaced by a version of the ‘latin alphabet’)
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👈👈👈☜*“THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE”* ☞ 👉👉👉
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥