-as of [10 FEBRUARY 2024]–
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“sibilant consonant”
(a stream of air towards the sharp edge of the teeth)
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*[sibilance] is a manner of articulation of [(‘fricative’/’affricate’) consonants], made by directing a [stream of air] with the [tongue] towards the ‘sharp edge of the teeth’, which are held close together-
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‘consonant’ that uses ‘sibilance’ may be called a *‘sibilant‘ / ‘strident‘*
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(examples of ‘sibilants’ are the consonants at the beginning of the english words sip, zip, ship, chip, and jump, and the second consonant in vision)
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(the symbols in the ‘international phonetic alphabet’ used to denote the ‘sibilant sounds’ in these words are, respectively) :
[s] [z] [ʃ] [tʃ] [dʒ] [ʒ]
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more specifically, the sounds [tʃ] [dʒ], as in chip and jump, are ‘affricates’, whereas the rest are ‘fricatives’)
(‘sibilants’ have a characteristically intense sound, which accounts for their ‘paralinguistic use’ in getting one’s attention)
(e.g. calling someone using “psst!” or quieting someone using “shhhh!”))
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(in the alveolar hissing sibilants [s] and [z], the back of the tongue forms a narrow channel (is grooved) to focus the stream of air more intensely, resulting in a ‘high pitch’)
(with the hushing sibilants (occasionally termed shibilants), such as english [ʃ], [tʃ], [ʒ], and [dʒ], the ‘tongue’ is flatter, and the resulting pitch lower)
(because all ‘sibilants’ are also ‘stridents’, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably)
(however, the terms DO NOT mean the same thing)
(the ‘english stridents’ are /f, v, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ/)
(the ‘english sibilants’ are a more ‘high-pitched subset’ of the ‘stridents’)
(the ‘english sibilants’ are /s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ/. /f/ and /v/ are ‘stridents’, but not ‘sibilants’, because they are ‘lower in pitch’)
(“stridency” refers to the ‘perceptual intensity’ of the ‘sound’ of a ‘sibilant consonant’, or obstacle fricatives/affricates, which refers to the critical role of the ‘teeth’ in producing the ‘sound’ as an ‘obstacle’ to the ‘airstream’)
(‘non-sibilant fricatives’ and ‘non-sibilant affricates’ produce their ‘characteristic sound’ directly with the (‘tongue’ / ‘lips’ / etc) and the ‘place of contact’ in the ‘mouth’ (without ‘secondary involvement’ of the ‘teeth’))
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(the ‘characteristic intensity’ of ‘sibilants’ means that ‘small variations’ in ‘tongue shape’ and ‘tongue position’ are ‘perceivable’, with the result that there are a large # of ‘sibilant types’ that contrast in ‘various languages’)
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