.
‘vacuum pump’ + ‘bell jar’ for vacuum experiments, used in science education during the early 1900s, on display in the Schulhistorische Sammlung (School Historical Museum), Bremerhaven, Germany.
(in a few years, these students would grow up to be ‘SS officers’)
.
-as of [9 APRIL 2024]–
.
-“vacuum” is ‘space’ void of ‘matter’-
(only ‘possibilities’)
.
(the word stems from the latin adjective vacuus for “vacant” or “void”)
(an approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure)
(‘physicists’ often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply call “vacuum” or free space, and use the term partial vacuum to refer to an actual imperfect vacuum as one might have in a laboratory or in ‘space’)
(in ‘engineering’ and applied physics on the other hand, vacuum refers to any space in which the ‘pressure’ is lower than ‘atmospheric pressure’)
(the latin term in vacuo is used to describe an object that is surrounded by a ‘vacuum’)
(the quality of a partial vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a ‘perfect vacuum’)
(other things equal, lower gas pressure means higher-quality vacuum)
(for example, a typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to reduce air pressure by around 20%)
(much higher-quality vacuums are possible)
(ultra-high vacuum chambers, common in chemistry, physics, and engineering, operate below one trillionth (10−12) of atmospheric pressure (100 nPa), and can reach around 100 particles/cm3)
(‘outer space’ is an even higher-quality vacuum, with the equivalent of just a few hydrogen atoms per cubic meter on average)
(according to modern understanding, even if all matter could be removed from a volume, it would still not be “empty” due to ‘vacuum fluctuations’, ‘dark energy’, ‘transiting gamma rays’, ‘cosmic rays’, ‘neutrinos’, and other phenomena in ‘quantum physics’)
(in the study of ‘electromagnetism’ in the 19th century, ‘vacuum’ was thought to be filled with a medium called ‘aether’)
(in modern ‘particle physics’, the vacuum state is considered the ground state of a ‘field’)
(‘vacuum’ has been a frequent topic of philosophical debate since ancient greek times, but was not studied empirically until the 17th century)
(‘Evangelista Torricelli’ produced the first laboratory vacuum in 1643, and other experimental techniques were developed as a result of his theories of ‘atmospheric pressure’)
(a torricellian vacuum is created by filling a tall glass container closed at one end with ‘mercury’, and then inverting the container into a bowl to contain the ‘mercury’)
(‘vacuum’ became a valuable industrial tool in the 20th century with the introduction of ‘incandescent light bulbs’ and ‘vacuum tubes’, and a wide array of ‘vacuum technology’ has since become available)
.
*the recent development of ‘human space-flight’ has raised interest in the impact of ‘vacuum’ on ‘human health’, and on ‘life forms’ in general*
.
.
*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
.
.
.
.
.
💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
.
.
*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
.
.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥