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*as of ‘16 OCTOBER 2023’*
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*aka ‘molecular bonds’*
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*a co-valent bond is a ‘chemical bond’ that involves the sharing of ‘electron pairs’ between ‘atoms’*
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(these ‘electron pairs’ are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of ‘attractive’ and ‘repulsive’ forces between ‘atoms’, when they share electrons, is known as “covalent bonding”)
(for many ‘molecules’, the sharing of ‘electrons’ allows each ‘atom’ to attain the equivalent of a ‘full outer shell’, corresponding to a ‘stable electronic configuration’)
(‘covalent bonding’ includes many kinds of ‘interactions’, including ‘σ-bonding’, ‘π-bonding’, ‘metal-to-metal bonding’, ‘agostic interactions’, ‘bent bonds’, and ‘3-center 2-electron bonds’)
(the term covalent bond dates from ‘1939’)
(the prefix co- means jointly, associated in action, partnered to a lesser degree, etc.; thus a “co-valent bond”, in essence, means that the atoms share “valence”, such as is discussed in ‘valence bond theory’)
(in the molecule H2, the ‘hydrogen atoms’ share the 2 electrons via ‘covalent bonding’)
(‘covalency’ is greatest between atoms of similar ‘electronegativities’)
(thus, ‘covalent bonding’ does not necessarily require that the 2 atoms be of the same ‘elements’, only that they be of ‘comparable electronegativity’)
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(‘covalent bonding’ that entails sharing of ‘electrons’ over more than 2 atoms is said to be “de-localized”)
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥