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(1157 – 1199)
(king of england from 1189 – 1199)
(duke of normandy)
(duke of aquitaine)
(duke of gascony)
(lord of ireland)
(lord of cyprus)
(count of anjou)
(count of maine)
(count of nantes)
(overlord of brittany)
(known as “cœur de lion” or “richard the lionheart”)
(because before he became king, he was a great military leader and warrior)
the muslims (or “saracens”) called him “melek-rich” or “melek al-inkitar”
(king of england)
by age 16, richard was commanding his own army.
he put down rebellions in poitou against his father henry II.
he was a central christian commander during the third crusade, effectively leading the campaign after the departure of philip augustus and scoring considerable victories against his muslim counterpart saladin.
but he was unable to reconquer jerusalem.
he spoke very little english and spent very little time in england.
he lived in his “duchy of aquitaine” in the southwest of france.
he preferred to use his kingdom as a source of revenue to support his armies.
he was seen as a pious hero by his subjects.
(he remains one of the very few kings of england remember by his epithet (rather than regnal number) and is still an enduring iconic figure in ‘england’)
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*as of ‘3 OCTOBER 2023’*
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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📚📖|/\-*WIKI-LINK*-/\|📖📚
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👈👈👈 ☜ *“XXX”*
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*“XXX”* ☞ 👉👉👉
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👈👈👈☜*“XXX”* ☞ 👉👉👉
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥