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*the generalized name for [‘sweet’ / ‘short-chain’ / ‘soluble’ carbo-hydrates], many of which are used in ‘food’*
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(they are composed of ‘carbon’, ‘hydrogen’, and ‘oxygen’)
(there are various types of ‘sugar’ derived from different sources)
(‘simple sugars’ are called ‘monosaccharides’ and include ‘glucose’ (also known as ‘dextrose’), ‘fructose’, and ‘galactose’)
(the ‘table’ or ‘granulated’ sugar most customarily used as ‘food’ is ‘sucrose’ (a ‘disaccharide’)
(in the ‘body’, ‘sucrose’ hydrolyses into ‘fructose’ and ‘glucose’)
(other ‘disaccharides’ include ‘maltose’ and ‘lactose’)
(longer chains of sugars are called ‘oligosaccharides’)
(chemically-different substances may also have a ‘sweet taste’, but are not classified as ‘sugars’)
(some are used as ‘lower-calorie food substitutes’ for ‘sugar’ described as ‘artificial sweeteners’)
(‘sugars’ are found in the ’tissues’ of most ‘plants’, but are present in sufficient ‘concentrations’ for efficient ‘extraction’ only in ‘sugarcane’ and ‘sugar beet’)
(‘sugarcane’ refers to any of several species of ‘giant grass’ in the genus saccharum that have been cultivated in ‘tropical climates’ in ‘south asia’ and ‘southeast asia’ since ‘ancient times’)
(a great ‘expansion’ in its ‘production’ took place in the ’18th century’ with the establishment of ‘sugar plantations’ in the ‘west indies’ and ‘the americas’)
(this was the first time that ‘sugar’ became available to the ‘common people’, who had previously had to rely on ‘honey’ to sweeten foods)
(‘sugar beet’, a cultivated variety of beta vulgaris, is grown as a ‘root crop’ in cooler climates and became a major source of ‘sugar’ in the ’19th century’ when methods for extracting the ‘sugar’ became available)
(sugar ‘production’ and ‘trade’ have changed the course of ‘human history’ in many ways, influencing the formation of ‘colonies’, the perpetuation of ‘slavery’, the transition to ‘indentured labor’, the ‘migration’ of ‘peoples’, wars between ‘sugar-trade–controlling nations’ in the ’19th century’, and the ‘ethnic composition’ and ‘political structure’ of the ‘new world’)
(the world produced about 168 million ‘tonnes’ (not ‘tons’) of ‘sugar’ in ‘2011’)
(the ‘average person’ consumes about ’24 kilograms’ (or ’53 pounds’) of ‘sugar’ each year (33.1 kilograms in ‘industrialized countries’), equivalent to over 260 food calories per ‘person’ per ‘day’)
(since the latter part of the ’20th century’, it has been questioned whether a diet high in ‘sugars’ (especially ‘refined sugars’) is good for ‘human health’)
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(‘sugar’ has been linked to ‘obesity’)
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(‘sugar has been ‘suspected of’ (or ‘fully implicated as’) a cause in the occurrence of…)
‘diabetes’
‘cardio-vascular disease’
‘dementia’
‘macular degeneration’
‘tooth decay’
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(numerous studies have been undertaken to try to clarify the position, but with varying results, mainly because of the difficulty of finding ‘populations’ for use as ‘controls’ that do not consume or are largely free of any ‘sugar consumption’)
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥