___*AKA*___
“TERMINUS”
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*a ‘station’ at the ‘end’ of a ‘railway line’*
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Trains arriving there have to end their journeys (terminate) or reverse out of the station.
Depending on the layout of the station, this usually permits travellers to reach all the platforms without the need to cross any tracks –
the public entrance to the station
and the main reception facilities being at the far end of the platforms
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Sometimes, however, the track continues for a short distance beyond the station, and terminating trains continue forwards after depositing their passengers, before either proceeding to sidings or reversing to the station to pick up departing passengers.
Bondi Junction is like this.
Many terminus stations have underground rapid-transit urban rail stations beneath, to transit passengers to the local city or district.
A terminus is frequently, but not always, the final destination of trains arriving at the station.
However a number of cities, especially in continental Europe, have a terminus as their main railway stations, and all main lines converge on this station.
There may also be a bypass line, used by freight trains that do not need to stop at the main station.
In such cases all trains passing through that main station must leave in the reverse direction from that of their arrival….
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There are several ways in which this can be accomplished…
1
arranging for the service to be provided by a multiple-unit or push-pull train,
both of which are capable of operating in either direction;
the driver simply walks to the other end of the train and takes control from the other cab;
this is increasingly the normal method in Europe
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2
by detaching the locomotive which brought the train into the station and then either
using another track to “run it around” to the other end of the train, to which it then re-attaches;
attaching a second locomotive to the outbound end of the train; or
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3
by the use of a “wye”,
a roughly triangular arrangement of track and switches (points) where a train can reverse direction and back into the terminal
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Some termini have a newer set of through platforms underneath (or above, or alongside) the terminal platforms on the main level
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They are used by a cross-city extension of the main line,
often for commuter trains,
while the terminal platforms may serve long-distance services
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Examples of underground through lines include
the Thameslink platforms at St. Pancras in London,
the Argyle and North Clyde lines of Glasgow’s suburban rail network,
the recently built Malmö City Tunnel, in Antwerp in Belgium,
the RER at the Gare du Nord in Paris,
and many of the numerous S-Bahn lines at terminal stations in
Germany,
Austria
and Switzerland,
such as at Zürich Hauptbahnhof
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An American example of a terminal with this feature is Washington, DC’s Union Station,
where there are bay platforms on the main concourse level to serve terminating trains,
and standard island platforms one level below to serve trains continuing southwards.
Those tracks run in a tunnel beneath the concourse and emerge a few blocks away to cross the Potomac River into Virginia.
Terminus stations in large cities are by far the biggest stations, with the largest being the Grand Central Terminal in New York City, United States
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Often major cities, such as…
London,
Boston,
Paris,
Istanbul,
Tokyo
and Milan
have more than one terminus, rather than routes straight through the city.
Train journeys through such cities often require alternative transport (metro, bus, taxi or ferry) from one terminus to the other.
For instance in Istanbul, transfers from the Sirkeci Terminal (the European terminus) and the Haydarpaşa Terminal (the Asian terminus) traditionally required crossing the Bosphorus via alternative means, before the railway tunnel linking Europe + Asia was completed.
(though some cities, including New York, have both termini/through lines)
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(terminals that have competing rail lines using the station frequently set up a jointly owned terminal railroad to own and operate the station and its ‘associated tracks’ + ‘switching operations’)
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥