.
-as of [17 JUNE 2024]–
.
.
(γ-Aminobutyric acid)
“Gamma-AminoButyric Acid”
/ˈɡæmə əˈmiːnoʊbjuːˈtɪrᵻk ˈæsᵻd/
(also called GABA /ˈɡæbə/ for short)
.
.
.
-[gamma-amino-butyric acid] is the ‘chief inhibitory neuro-transmitter’ in the [mammalian central nervous system]-
.
(it plays the principal role in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system)
(in humans, GABA is also directly responsible for the regulation of ‘muscle tone’)
(although in chemical terms it is an ‘amino acid’, GABA is rarely referred to as such in the scientific or medical communities, since by convention the term “amino acid”, when used without a qualifier, refers specifically to an alpha amino acid, which GABA is not, nor is it considered to be incorporated into ‘proteins’)
.
Many of the effects of activating GABAA receptors have the same effects as that of ethanol consumption
(some of these effects include the following effects…)
“anxiolytic”
(anxiety reducer)
“anti-convulsant”
(prevention of ‘seizures’)
“sedative”
(reduces ‘irritability/excitement’)
“hypnotic”
(sleep-inducing)
cognitive impairment,
motor incoordination
.
(meanin that ‘alcohol withdrawal’ effects caused by body lowering GABA levels once it senses ‘ethanol’)
(meaning alcohol withdrawal effects are…)
*ANXIETY-INCREASER*
*INCREASED RISK OF ‘SEIZURE’*
*INCREASED ‘IRRITABILITY’*
*INSOMNIA*
.
(but also on the ‘pro’ side…)
“increased cognitive ability?”
“improved motor coordination?
.
This correlation between activating GABAA receptors and the effects of ethanol consumption has led to the study of ethanol and its effects on GABAA receptors
It has been shown that ethanol does in fact exhibit positive allosteric binding properties to GABAA receptors
However, its effects are limited to pentamers containing the δ-subunit rather than the γ-subunit.
GABAA receptors containing the δ-subunit have been shown to be located exterior to the synapse and are involved with tonic inhibition rather than its γ-subunit counterpart, which is involved in phasic inhibition.
The δ-subunit has been shown to be able to form the allosteric binding site which makes GABAA receptors containing the δ-subunit more sensitive to ethanol concentrations, even to moderate social ethanol consumption levels (30mM).
While it has been shown by Santhakumar et al. that GABAA receptors containing the δ-subunit are sensitive to ethanol modulation, depending on subunit combinations receptors, could be more or less sensitive to ethanol
It has been shown that GABAA receptors that contain both δ and β3-subunits display increased sensitivity to ethanol
One such receptor that exhibits ethanol insensitivity is α3-β6-δ GABAA.[34]
It has also been shown that subunit combination is not the only thing that contributes to ethanol sensitivity
.
-location of ‘GABAA receptors’ within the ‘synapse’ may also contribute to [ethanol sensitivity]-
.
.
*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
.
.
.
👈👈👈☜*-NEURO-TRANSMITTERS-* ☞ 👉👉👉
.
.
💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
.
.
*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
.
.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥