-7 [SI CONSTANTS]-

-as of [8 SEPTEMBER 2025]-

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#1

c

“SPEED OF LIGHT”
(in ‘vacuum’)

(electro-magnetic radiation)

(links “space” + “time”)

“distance over time”

“speed”

-[299,792,458 meters per second]-

(less than [300 million] “meters” per “second”)

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#2

h

“PLANCK’S CONSTANT”

“discrete energy” packets-

(rather than a “spectrum”)

-[6.62607015 × 10-34]-

(measured in “joule seconds”)

-measures “action”-
(or “angular momentum”)

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#3

e

“ELEMENTARY CHARGE”

(+1 proton / -1 electron)

(used to calculate the coulomb)

-the “coulomb” is [6.642 x 1018] charges-

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#4

NA

“AVOGADRO CONSTANT”

(an ‘amount’)

(defines the “amount of particles” in 1 “mole”)

-[6.02214076 × 1023]

(which was originally based on the amount of atoms in [12 grams] of [carbon-12])

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#5

“BOLTZMANN CONSTANT”

(relates [energy] to [temperature])

-[1.380649 × 10-23] joules per degree kelvin

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#6

“THE CAESIUM STANDARD”

(used to define ‘time’)

(measured in hertz)
(‘cycles’ per ‘second’)

-the ‘ground state hyper-fine structure transition frequency’ of the caesium-133 atom ΔνCs is exactly 9,192,631,770 hertz (Hz)-

(that’s ‘9 billion’ +)

(this allows us to precisely subdivide the “second” into over 9 billion parts)

-the “caesium transition frequency” defines the “second” based on earth’s orbit around sun-

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-“earth’s orbit around the sun” uses “earth’s rotation around axis” as the [time unit]-

-1 YEAR-

-365 DAYS-

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-8760 HOURS-

-[525,600 MINUTES]-

-[31,536,000 SECONDS]-

(OVER “31 MILLION SECONDS” / “YEAR”)

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#7

Kcd

-measures “brightness”-

*683 ‘lumens’ per ‘watt’*

*the luminous efficacy Kcd of mono-chromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz (540 THz) – a frequency of green-colored light at approximately the ‘peak sensitivity’ of the ‘human eye’ – is exactly 683 lumens per watt (lm⋅W−1)

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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*

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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥