.
-as of [5 FEBRUARY 2024]–
.
Jr.[a] ( BY-dən
-born [20 november 1942]-
.
-[Joseph Robinette Biden (junior)] is an [american politician] who is the [46th/current president] of the [United States]-
.
“robinette??”
.
A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 47th vice president from 2009 to 2017 under Barack Obama and represented Delaware in the United States Senate from 1973 to 2009.
Born and raised in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and later living in New Castle County, Delaware, Biden studied at the University of Delaware before earning his law degree from Syracuse University in 1968.
He was elected to the New Castle County Council in 1970 and became the sixth-youngest senator in U.S. history after he was elected to the United States Senate from Delaware in 1972, at age 29. Biden was the chair or ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for 12 years and was influential in foreign affairs during Obama’s presidency. He also chaired the Senate Judiciary Committee from 1987 to 1995, dealing with drug policy, crime prevention, and civil liberties issues; led the effort to pass the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and the Violence Against Women Act; and oversaw six U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings, including the contentious hearings for Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas. He ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1988 and 2008. Biden was reelected to the Senate six times, and was the fourth-most senior sitting senator at the time when he became Obama’s vice president after they won the 2008 presidential election, defeating John McCain and his running mate Sarah Palin.
During eight years as vice president, Biden leaned on his Senate experience and frequently represented the administration in negotiations with congressional Republicans, including on the Budget Control Act of 2011, which resolved a debt ceiling crisis, and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which addressed the impending “fiscal cliff”. He also oversaw infrastructure spending in 2009 to counteract the Great Recession. On foreign policy, Biden was a close counselor to the president and took a leading role in designing the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq in 2011. In 2012, Obama and Biden were reelected, defeating Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan. In 2017, Obama awarded Biden the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction.
Biden and his running mate Kamala Harris defeated incumbent president Donald Trump and vice president Mike Pence in the 2020 presidential election. Biden is the oldest president, the first to have a female vice president, the first from Delaware, and the second Catholic after John F. Kennedy. His early presidential activity centered around proposing, lobbying for, and signing into law the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 to speed up the United States’ recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing recession, as well as a series of executive orders. Biden’s orders addressed the pandemic and reversed several Trump administration policies, including rejoining the Paris Agreement on climate change and accepting new applications for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipients, although a federal judge blocked the latter. Biden completed the withdrawal of all U.S. troops from Afghanistan by September 2021; during this, the Afghan government fell and the Taliban seized control, and Biden faced criticism over the manner of withdrawal, with allegations of poor planning.
Early life (1942–1965)
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. was born November 20, 1942,[1] at St. Mary’s Hospital in Scranton, Pennsylvania,[2] to Catherine Eugenia “Jean” Biden (née Finnegan) and Joseph Robinette Biden Sr.[3][4] The oldest child in a Catholic family, he has a sister, Valerie, and two brothers, Francis and James.[5] Jean was of Irish descent,[6][7][8] while Joseph Sr. had English, French, and Irish ancestry.[9][8]
Biden’s father had been wealthy, but suffered financial setbacks around the time Biden was born,[10][11][12] and for several years the family lived with Biden’s maternal grandparents.[13] Scranton fell into economic decline during the 1950s and Biden’s father could not find steady work.[14] Beginning in 1953, the family lived in an apartment in Claymont, Delaware, before moving to a house in nearby Mayfield.[15][16][11][13] Biden Sr. later became a successful used-car salesman, maintaining the family in a middle-class lifestyle.[13][14][17]
At Archmere Academy in Claymont,[18] Biden played baseball and was a standout halfback and wide receiver on the high school football team.[13][19] Though a poor student, he was class president in his junior and senior years.[20][21] He graduated in 1961.[20] At the University of Delaware in Newark, Biden briefly played freshman football[22][23] and, as an unexceptional student,[24] earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1965 with a double major in history and political science, and a minor in English.[25][26]
Biden has a stutter, which has improved since his early twenties.[27] He says he reduced it by reciting poetry before a mirror,[21][28] but some observers suggested it affected his performance in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential debates.[29][30][31]
Marriages, law school, and early career (1966–1972)
On August 27, 1966, Biden married Neilia Hunter (1942–1972), a student at Syracuse University,[25] after overcoming her parents’ reluctance for her to wed a Roman Catholic; the ceremony was held in a Catholic church in Skaneateles, New York.[32] They had three children: Joseph R. “Beau” Biden III (1969–2015), Robert Hunter Biden (born 1970), and Naomi Christina “Amy” Biden (1971–1972).[25]
Biden in the Syracuse 1968 yearbook
In 1968, Biden earned a Juris Doctor from Syracuse University College of Law, ranked 76th in his class of 85, after failing a course due to an acknowledged “mistake” when he plagiarized a law review article for a paper he wrote in his first year at law school.[24] He was admitted to the Delaware bar in 1969.[1]
Biden had not openly supported or opposed the Vietnam War until he ran for Senate and opposed Nixon’s conduct of the war.[33] While studying at the University of Delaware and Syracuse University, Biden obtained five student draft deferments, at a time when most draftees were sent to the Vietnam War. In 1968, based on a physical examination, he was given a conditional medical deferment; in 2008, a spokesperson for Biden said his having had “asthma as a teenager” was the reason for the deferment.[34]
In 1968, Biden clerked at a Wilmington law firm headed by prominent local Republican William Prickett and, he later said, “thought of myself as a Republican”.[35][36] He disliked incumbent Democratic Delaware governor Charles L. Terry’s conservative racial politics and supported a more liberal Republican, Russell W. Peterson, who defeated Terry in 1968.[35] Biden was recruited by local Republicans but registered as an Independent because of his distaste for Republican presidential candidate Richard Nixon.[35]
In 1969, Biden practiced law first as a public defender and then at a firm headed by a locally active Democrat[37][35] who named him to the Democratic Forum, a group trying to reform and revitalize the state party;[38] Biden subsequently reregistered as a Democrat.[35] He and another attorney also formed a law firm.[37] Corporate law, however, did not appeal to him, and criminal law did not pay well.[13] He supplemented his income by managing properties.[39]
In 1970, Biden ran for the 4th district seat on the New Castle County Council on a liberal platform that included support for public housing in the suburbs.[40][37][41] The seat had been held by Republican Henry R. Folsom, who was running in the 5th District following a reapportionment of council districts.[42][43][44] Biden won the general election by defeating Republican Lawrence T. Messick, and took office on January 5, 1971.[45][46] He served until January 1, 1973, and was succeeded by Democrat Francis R. Swift.[47][48][49][50] During his time on the county council, Biden opposed large highway projects, which he argued might disrupt Wilmington neighborhoods.[51]
1972 U.S. Senate campaign in Delaware
Results of the 1972 U.S. Senate election in Delaware
In 1972, Biden defeated Republican incumbent J. Caleb Boggs to become the junior U.S. senator from Delaware. He was the only Democrat willing to challenge Boggs.[37] With minimal campaign funds, he was given no chance of winning.[13] Family members managed and staffed the campaign, which relied on meeting voters face-to-face and hand-distributing position papers,[52] an approach made feasible by Delaware’s small size.[39] He received help from the AFL–CIO and Democratic pollster Patrick Caddell.[37] His platform focused on the environment, withdrawal from Vietnam, civil rights, mass transit, equitable taxation, health care, and public dissatisfaction with “politics as usual”.[37][52] A few months before the election, Biden trailed Boggs by almost thirty percentage points,[37] but his energy, attractive young family, and ability to connect with voters’ emotions worked to his advantage,[17] and he won with 50.5 percent of the vote.[52] At the time of his election, he was still 29 years old, but reached the constitutionally required age of 30 before he was sworn in as Senator.[53]
Death of wife and daughter
On December 18, 1972, a few weeks after the election, Biden’s wife Neilia and one-year-old daughter Naomi were killed in an automobile accident while Christmas shopping in Hockessin, Delaware.[25][54] Neilia’s station wagon was hit by a semi-trailer truck as she pulled out from an intersection. Their sons Beau (aged 3) and Hunter (aged 2) survived the accident and were taken to the hospital in fair condition, Beau with a broken leg and other wounds and Hunter with a minor skull fracture and other head injuries.[55] Biden considered resigning to care for them,[17] but Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield persuaded him not to.[56]
Years later, Biden said he had heard that the truck driver allegedly drank alcohol before the collision. The driver’s family denied that claim, and the police never substantiated it. Biden later apologized to the family.[57][58][59][60][61]
The accident had filled him with anger and religious doubt. He wrote that he “felt God had played a horrible trick” on him,[62] and he had trouble focusing on work.[63][64]
Second marriage
Biden and his second wife, Jill, met in 1975 and married in 1977
Biden credits his second wife, teacher Jill Tracy Jacobs, with the renewal of his interest in politics and life;[65] they met in 1975 on a blind date[66] and were married at the United Nations chapel in New York on June 17, 1977.[67][68] They spent their honeymoon at Lake Balaton in the Hungarian People’s Republic, behind the Iron Curtain.[69][70] They are Roman Catholics and attend Mass at St. Joseph’s on the Brandywine in Greenville, Delaware.[71] Their daughter Ashley Biden (born 1981)[25] is a social worker. She is married to physician Howard Krein.[72] Beau Biden became an Army Judge Advocate in Iraq and later Delaware Attorney General;[73] he died of brain cancer in 2015.[74][75] Hunter Biden is a Washington lobbyist and investment adviser.[76]
Teaching
From 1991 to 2008, as an adjunct professor, Biden co-taught a seminar on constitutional law at Widener University School of Law.[77][78] The seminar often had a waiting list. Biden sometimes flew back from overseas to teach the class.[79][80][81][82]
U.S. Senate (1973–2009)
Senate activities
In January 1973, secretary of the Senate Francis R. Valeo swore Biden in at the Delaware Division of the Wilmington Medical Center.[83][55] Present were his sons Beau (whose leg was still in traction from the automobile accident) and Hunter and other family members.[83][55] At 30, he was the sixth-youngest senator in U.S. history.[84][85]
To see his sons, Biden traveled by train between his Delaware home and D.C.[86]—74 minutes each way—and maintained this habit throughout his 36 years in the Senate.[17]
During his early years in the Senate, Biden focused on consumer protection and environmental issues and called for greater government accountability.[87] In a 1974 interview, he described himself as liberal on civil rights and liberties, senior citizens’ concerns and healthcare but conservative on other issues, including abortion and military conscription.[88]
In his first decade in the Senate, Biden focused on arms control.[89][90] After Congress failed to ratify the SALT II Treaty signed in 1979 by Soviet general secretary Leonid Brezhnev and President Jimmy Carter, Biden met with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko to communicate American concerns and secured changes that addressed the Senate Foreign Relations Committee’s objections.[91] When the Reagan administration wanted to interpret the 1972 SALT I treaty loosely to allow development of the Strategic Defense Initiative, Biden argued for strict adherence to the treaty.[89] He received considerable attention when he excoriated Secretary of State George Shultz at a Senate hearing for the Reagan administration’s support of South Africa despite its continued policy of apartheid.[35]
Biden became ranking minority member of the Senate Judiciary Committee in 1981. In 1984, he was a Democratic floor manager for the successful passage of the Comprehensive Crime Control Act. His supporters praised him for modifying some of the law’s worst provisions, and it was his most important legislative accomplishment to that time.[92] In 1994, Biden helped pass the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, also known as the Biden Crime Law, which included a ban on assault weapons,[93][94] and the Violence Against Women Act,[95] which he has called his most significant legislation.[96] The 1994 crime law was unpopular among progressives and criticized for resulting in mass incarceration;[97][98] in 2019, Biden called his role in passing the bill a “big mistake”, citing its policy on crack cocaine and saying that the bill “trapped an entire generation”.[99]
In 1993, Biden voted for a provision that deemed homosexuality incompatible with military life, thereby banning gays from serving in the armed forces.[100][101][102] In 1996, he voted for the Defense of Marriage Act, which prohibited the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages, thereby barring individuals in such marriages from equal protection under federal law and allowing states to do the same.[103] In 2015, the act was ruled unconstitutional in Obergefell v. Hodges.[104]
Elected to the Senate in 1972, Biden was reelected in 1978, 1984, 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, regularly receiving about 60% of the vote.[105] He was junior senator to William Roth, who was first elected in 1970, until Roth was defeated in 2000.[106] As of 2020, he was the 18th-longest-serving senator in U.S. history.[107]
Opposition to busing
In the mid-1970s, Biden was one of the Senate’s strongest opponents of race-integration busing. His Delaware constituents strongly opposed it, and such opposition nationwide later led his party to mostly abandon school integration policies.[108] In his first Senate campaign, Biden had expressed support for busing to remedy de jure segregation, as in the South, but opposed its use to remedy de facto segregation arising from racial patterns of neighborhood residency, as in Delaware; he opposed a proposed constitutional amendment banning busing entirely.[109]
In May 1974, Biden voted to table a proposal containing anti-busing and anti-desegregation clauses but later voted for a modified version containing a qualification that it was not intended to weaken the judiciary’s power to enforce the 5th Amendment and 14th Amendment.[110] In 1975, he supported a proposal that would have prevented the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare from cutting federal funds to districts that refused to integrate;[111] he said busing was a “bankrupt idea [violating] the cardinal rule of common sense” and that his opposition would make it easier for other liberals to follow suit.[92] At the same time he supported initiatives on housing, job opportunities and voting rights.[110] Biden supported a measure[when?] forbidding the use of federal funds for transporting students beyond the school closest to them. In 1977, he co-sponsored an amendment closing loopholes in that measure, which President Carter signed into law in 1978.[112]
Brain surgeries
In February 1988, after several episodes of increasingly severe neck pain, Biden was taken by ambulance to Walter Reed Army Medical Center for surgery to correct a leaking intracranial berry aneurysm.[113][114] While recuperating, he suffered a pulmonary embolism, a serious complication.[114] After a second aneurysm was surgically repaired in May,[114][115] Biden’s recuperation kept him away from the Senate for seven months.[116]
1988 presidential campaign
Biden at the White House in 1987
Biden formally declared his candidacy for the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination on June 9, 1987.[117] He was considered a strong candidate because of his moderate image, his speaking ability, his high profile as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee at the upcoming Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination hearings, and his appeal to Baby Boomers; he would have been the second-youngest person elected president, after John F. Kennedy.[35][118][119] He raised more in the first quarter of 1987 than any other candidate.[118][119]
By August his campaign’s messaging had become confused due to staff rivalries,[120] and in September, he was accused of plagiarizing a speech by British Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock.[121] Biden’s speech had similar lines about being the first person in his family to attend university. Biden had credited Kinnock with the formulation on previous occasions,[122][123] but did not on two occasions in late August.[124]: 230–232 [123]
Earlier that year he had also used passages from a 1967 speech by Robert F. Kennedy (for which his aides took blame) and a short phrase from John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address; two years earlier he had used a 1976 passage by Hubert Humphrey.[125] Biden responded that politicians often borrow from one another without giving credit, and that one of his rivals for the nomination, Jesse Jackson, had called him to point out that he (Jackson) had used the same material by Humphrey that Biden had used.[17][24]
A few days later, an incident in law school in which Biden drew text from a Fordham Law Review article with inadequate citations was publicized.[24] He was required to repeat the course and passed with high marks.[126] At Biden’s request the Delaware Supreme Court’s Board of Professional Responsibility reviewed the incident and concluded that he had violated no rules.[127]
Biden has made several false or exaggerated claims about his early life: that he had earned three degrees in college, that he attended law school on a full scholarship, that he had graduated in the top half of his class,[128][129] and that he had marched in the civil rights movement.[130] The limited amount of other news about the presidential race amplified these disclosures[131] and on September 23, 1987, Biden withdrew his candidacy, saying it had been overrun by “the exaggerated shadow” of his past mistakes.[132]
Kinnock himself was more forgiving; the two men met in 1988, forming an enduring friendship.[133]
Senate Judiciary Committee
Biden was a longtime member of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. He chaired it from 1987 to 1995 and was a ranking minority member from 1981 to 1987 and again from 1995 to 1997.
As chair, Biden presided over two highly contentious U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings.[17] When Robert Bork was nominated in 1988, Biden reversed his approval—given in an interview the previous year—of a hypothetical Bork nomination. Conservatives were angered,[134] but at the hearings’ close Biden was praised for his fairness, humor, and courage.[134][135] Rejecting the arguments of some Bork opponents,[17] Biden framed his objections to Bork in terms of the conflict between Bork’s strong originalism and the view that the U.S. Constitution provides rights to liberty and privacy beyond those explicitly enumerated in its text.[135] Bork’s nomination was rejected in the committee by a 9–5 vote[135] and then in the full Senate, 58–42.[136]
During Clarence Thomas’s nomination hearings in 1991, Biden’s questions on constitutional issues were often convoluted to the point that Thomas sometimes lost track of them,[137] and Thomas later wrote that Biden’s questions were akin to “beanballs”.[138] After the committee hearing closed, the public learned that Anita Hill, a University of Oklahoma law school professor, had accused Thomas of making unwelcome sexual comments when they had worked together.[139][140] Biden had known of some of these charges, but initially shared them only with the committee because Hill was then unwilling to testify.[17] The committee hearing was reopened and Hill testified, but Biden did not permit testimony from other witnesses, such as a woman who had made similar charges and experts on harassment,[141] saying he wanted to preserve Thomas’s privacy and the hearings’ decency.[137][141] The full Senate confirmed Thomas by a 52–48 vote, with Biden opposed.[17] Liberal legal advocates and women’s groups felt strongly that Biden had mishandled the hearings and not done enough to support Hill.[141] Biden later sought out women to serve on the Judiciary Committee and emphasized women’s issues in the committee’s legislative agenda.[17] In 2019, he told Hill he regretted his treatment of her, but Hill said afterward she remained unsatisfied.[142]
Biden was critical of Independent Counsel Ken Starr during the 1990s Whitewater controversy and Lewinsky scandal investigations, saying “it’s going to be a cold day in hell” before another independent counsel would be granted similar powers.[143] He voted to acquit during the impeachment of President Clinton.[144] During the 2000s, Biden sponsored bankruptcy legislation sought by credit card issuers.[17] Clinton vetoed the bill in 2000, but it passed in 2005 as the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act,[17] with Biden one of only 18 Democrats to vote for it, while leading Democrats and consumer rights organizations opposed it.[145] As a senator, Biden strongly supported increased Amtrak funding and rail security.[105][146]
Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Biden was a longtime member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He became its ranking minority member in 1997 and chaired it from June 2001 to 2003 and 2007 to 2009.[147] His positions were generally liberal internationalist.[89][148] He collaborated effectively with Republicans and sometimes went against elements of his own party.[147][148] During this time he met with at least 150 leaders from 60 countries and international organizations, becoming a well-known Democratic voice on foreign policy.[149]
Biden voted against authorization for the Gulf War in 1991,[148] siding with 45 of the 55 Democratic senators; he said the U.S. was bearing almost all the burden in the anti-Iraq coalition.[150]
Biden became interested in the Yugoslav Wars after hearing about Serbian abuses during the Croatian War of Independence in 1991.[89] Once the Bosnian War broke out, Biden was among the first to call for the “lift and strike” policy of lifting the arms embargo, training Bosnian Muslims and supporting them with NATO air strikes, and investigating war crimes.[89][147] The George H. W. Bush administration and Clinton administration were both reluctant to implement the policy, fearing Balkan entanglement.[89][148] In April 1993, Biden spent a week in the Balkans and held a tense three-hour meeting with Serbian leader Slobodan Milošević.[151] Biden related that he had told Milošević, “I think you’re a damn war criminal and you should be tried as one.”[151]
Biden wrote an amendment in 1992 to compel the Bush administration to arm the Bosnians, but deferred in 1994 to a somewhat softer stance the Clinton administration preferred, before signing on the following year to a stronger measure sponsored by Bob Dole and Joe Lieberman.[151] The engagement led to a successful NATO peacekeeping effort.[89] Biden has called his role in affecting Balkans policy in the mid-1990s his “proudest moment in public life” related to foreign policy.[148]
As chair, Biden contributed to successfully encouraging the Clinton administration to commit the resources and political capital to broker what became the 1998 Good Friday Agreement between the governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom through the Northern Ireland peace process.[152]
In 1999, during the Kosovo War, Biden supported the 1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[89] He and Senator John McCain co-sponsored the McCain-Biden Kosovo Resolution, which called on Clinton to use all necessary force, including ground troops, to confront Milošević over Yugoslav actions toward ethnic Albanians in Kosovo.[148][153]
Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq
Biden addresses the press after meeting with Prime Minister Ayad Allawi in Baghdad in 2004.
Biden was a strong supporter of the War in Afghanistan, saying, “Whatever it takes, we should do it.”[154] As head of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he said in 2002 that Iraqi president Saddam Hussein was a threat to national security and there was no other option than to “eliminate” that threat.[155] In October 2002, he voted in favor of the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq, approving the U.S. invasion of Iraq.[148] As chair of the committee, he assembled a series of witnesses to testify in favor of the authorization. They gave testimony grossly misrepresenting the intent, history, and status of Saddam and his secular government, which was an avowed enemy of al-Qaida, and touted Iraq’s fictional possession of weapons of mass destruction.[156] Biden eventually became a critic of the war and viewed his vote and role as a “mistake”, but did not push for withdrawal.[148][151] He supported the appropriations for the occupation, but argued that the war should be internationalized, that more soldiers were needed, and that the Bush administration should “level with the American people” about its cost and length.[147][153]
By late 2006, Biden’s stance had shifted considerably. He opposed the troop surge of 2007,[148][151] saying General David Petraeus was “dead, flat wrong” in believing the surge could work.[157] Biden instead advocated dividing Iraq into a loose federation of three ethnic states.[158] In November 2006, Biden and Leslie H. Gelb, president emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations, released a comprehensive strategy to end sectarian violence in Iraq.[159] Rather than continue the existing approach or withdrawing, the plan called for “a third way”: federalizing Iraq and giving Kurds, Shiites, and Sunnis “breathing room” in their own regions.[160] In September 2007, a non-binding resolution endorsing the plan passed the Senate,[159] but the idea was unfamiliar, had no political constituency, and failed to gain traction.[157] Iraq’s political leadership denounced the resolution as de facto partitioning of the country, and the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad issued a statement distancing itself from it.[159] In May 2008, Biden sharply criticized President George W. Bush’s speech to Israel’s Knesset in which Bush compared some Democrats to Western leaders who appeased Hitler before World War II; Biden called the speech “bullshit”, “malarkey”, and “outrageous”. He later apologized for his language.[161]
2008 presidential campaign
After exploring the possibility of a run in several previous cycles, in January 2007, Biden declared his candidacy in the 2008 elections.[105][162][163] During his campaign, Biden focused on the Iraq War, his record as chairman of major Senate committees, and his foreign-policy experience. In mid-2007, Biden stressed his foreign policy expertise compared to Obama’s.[164] Biden was noted for his one-liners during the campaign; in one debate he said of Republican candidate Rudy Giuliani: “There’s only three things he mentions in a sentence: a noun, and a verb and 9/11.”[165]
Biden had difficulty raising funds, struggled to draw people to his rallies, and failed to gain traction against the high-profile candidacies of Obama and Senator Hillary Clinton.[166] He never rose above single digits in national polls of the Democratic candidates. In the first contest on January 3, 2008, Biden placed fifth in the Iowa caucuses, garnering slightly less than one percent of the state delegates.[167] He withdrew from the race that evening.[168]
Despite its lack of success, Biden’s 2008 campaign raised his stature in the political world.[169]: 336 In particular, it changed the relationship between Biden and Obama. Although they had served together on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, they had not been close: Biden resented Obama’s quick rise to political stardom,[157][170] while Obama viewed Biden as garrulous and patronizing.[169]: 28, 337–338 Having gotten to know each other during 2007, Obama appreciated Biden’s campaign style and appeal to working-class voters, and Biden said he became convinced Obama was “the real deal”.[170][169]: 28, 337–338
2008 vice-presidential campaign
Shortly after Biden withdrew from the presidential race, Obama privately told him he was interested in finding an important place for Biden in his administration.[171] Biden declined Obama’s first request to vet him for the vice-presidential slot, fearing the vice presidency would represent a loss in status and voice from his Senate position, but he later changed his mind.[157][172] In early August, Obama and Biden met in secret to discuss the possibility,[171] and developed a strong personal rapport.[170] On August 22, 2008, Obama announced that Biden would be his running mate.[173] The New York Times reported that the strategy behind the choice reflected a desire to fill out the ticket with someone with foreign policy and national security experience—and not to help the ticket win a swing state or to emphasize Obama’s “change” message.[174] Others pointed out Biden’s appeal to middle-class and blue-collar voters, as well as his willingness to aggressively challenge Republican nominee John McCain in a way that Obama seemed uncomfortable doing at times.[175][176] In accepting Obama’s offer, Biden ruled out running for president again in 2016,[171] but his comments in later years seemed to back off that stance, as he did not want to diminish his political power by appearing uninterested in advancement.[177][178][179] Biden was officially nominated for vice president on August 27 by voice vote at the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver.[180]
Biden’s vice-presidential campaigning gained little media visibility, as far greater press attention was focused on the Republican running mate, Alaska Governor Sarah Palin.[181][182] During one week in September 2008, for instance, the Pew Research Center’s Project for Excellence in Journalism found that Biden was included in only five percent of coverage of the race, far less than the other three candidates on the tickets received.[183] Biden nevertheless focused on campaigning in economically challenged areas of swing states and trying to win over blue-collar Democrats, especially those who had supported Hillary Clinton.[157][181] Biden attacked McCain heavily despite a long-standing personal friendship.[n 2] He said, “That guy I used to know, he’s gone. It literally saddens me.”[181] As the financial crisis of 2007–2010 reached a peak with the liquidity crisis of September 2008 and the proposed bailout of the United States financial system became a major factor in the campaign, Biden voted in favor of the $700 billion Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, which went on to pass in the Senate 74–25.[185]
On October 2, 2008, Biden participated in the vice-presidential debate with Palin at Washington University in St. Louis. Post-debate polls found that while Palin exceeded many voters’ expectations, Biden had won the debate overall.[186] During the campaign’s final days, he focused on less populated, older, less well-off areas of battleground states, especially Florida, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, where polling indicated he was popular and where Obama had not campaigned or performed well in the Democratic primaries.[187][188][189] He also campaigned in some normally Republican states, as well as in areas with large Catholic populations.[189]
Under instructions from the campaign, Biden kept his speeches succinct and tried to avoid offhand remarks, such as one he made about Obama’s being tested by a foreign power soon after taking office, which had attracted negative attention.[187][188] Privately, Biden’s remarks frustrated Obama. “How many times is Biden gonna say something stupid?” he asked.[169]: 411–414, 419 Obama campaign staffers referred to Biden blunders as “Joe bombs” and kept Biden uninformed about strategy discussions, which in turn irked Biden.[179] Relations between the two campaigns became strained for a month, until Biden apologized on a call to Obama and the two built a stronger partnership.[169]: 411–414 Publicly, Obama strategist David Axelrod said Biden’s high popularity ratings had outweighed any unexpected comments.[190] Nationally, Biden had a 60% favorability rating in a Pew Research Center poll, compared to Palin’s 44%.[187]
On November 4, 2008, Obama and Biden were elected with 53% of the popular vote and 365 electoral votes to McCain–Palin’s 173.[191][192][193]
At the same time Biden was running for vice president he was also running for reelection to the Senate,[194] as permitted by Delaware law.[105] On November 4, he was reelected to the Senate, defeating Republican Christine O’Donnell.[195] Having won both races, Biden made a point of waiting to resign from the Senate until he was sworn in for his seventh term on January 6, 2009.[196] He became the youngest senator ever to start a seventh full term, and said, “In all my life, the greatest honor bestowed upon me has been serving the people of Delaware as their United States senator.”[196] Biden cast his last Senate vote on January 15, supporting the release of the second $350 billion for the Troubled Asset Relief Program,[197] and resigned from the Senate later that day.[n 3] In an emotional farewell, Biden told the Senate: “Every good thing I have seen happen here, every bold step taken in the 36-plus years I have been here, came not from the application of pressure by interest groups, but through the maturation of personal relationships.”[201] Delaware Governor Ruth Ann Minner appointed longtime Biden adviser Ted Kaufman to fill Biden’s vacated Senate seat.[202]
Vice presidency (2009–2017)
Biden being sworn in as vice president on January 20, 2009
First term (2009–2013)
Biden said he intended to eliminate some explicit roles assumed by George W. Bush’s vice president, Dick Cheney, and did not intend to emulate any previous vice presidency.[203] He chaired Obama’s transition team[204] and headed an initiative to improve middle-class economic well-being.[205] In early January 2009, in his last act as chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, he visited the leaders of Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan,[206] and on January 20 he was sworn in as the 47th vice president of the United States[207]—the first vice president from Delaware[208] and the first Roman Catholic vice president.[209][210]
Obama was soon comparing Biden to a basketball player “who does a bunch of things that don’t show up in the stat sheet”.[211] In May, Biden visited Kosovo and affirmed the U.S. position that its “independence is irreversible”.[212] Biden lost an internal debate to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton about sending 21,000 new troops to Afghanistan,[213][214] but his skepticism was valued,[172] and in 2009, Biden’s views gained more influence as Obama reconsidered his Afghanistan strategy.[215] Biden visited Iraq about every two months,[157] becoming the administration’s point man in delivering messages to Iraqi leadership about expected progress there.[172] More generally, overseeing Iraq policy became Biden’s responsibility: Obama was said to have said, “Joe, you do Iraq.”[216] Biden said Iraq “could be one of the great achievements of this administration”.[217] His January 2010 visit to Iraq in the midst of turmoil over banned candidates from the upcoming Iraqi parliamentary election resulted in 59 of the several hundred candidates being reinstated by the Iraqi government two days later.[218] By 2012, Biden had made eight trips there, but his oversight of U.S. policy in Iraq receded with the exit of U.S. troops in 2011.[219][220]
Biden oversaw infrastructure spending from the Obama stimulus package intended to help counteract the ongoing recession.[221] During this period, Biden was satisfied that no major instances of waste or corruption had occurred,[172] and when he completed that role in February 2011, he said the number of fraud incidents with stimulus monies had been less than one percent.[222]
In late April 2009, Biden’s off-message response to a question during the beginning of the swine flu outbreak, that he would advise family members against traveling on airplanes or subways, led to a swift retraction by the White House.[223] The remark revived Biden’s reputation for gaffes.[224][215][225] Confronted with rising unemployment through July 2009, Biden acknowledged that the administration had “misread how bad the economy was” but maintained confidence the stimulus package would create many more jobs once the pace of expenditures picked up.[226] On March 23, 2010, a microphone picked up Biden telling the president that his signing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was “a big fucking deal” during live national news telecasts. Despite their different personalities, Obama and Biden formed a friendship, partly based around Obama’s daughter Sasha and Biden’s granddaughter Maisy, who attended Sidwell Friends School together.[179]
Members of the Obama administration said Biden’s role in the White House was to be a contrarian and force others to defend their positions.[227] Rahm Emanuel, White House chief of staff, said that Biden helped counter groupthink.[211] White House press secretary Jay Carney, Biden’s former communications director, said Biden played the role of “the bad guy in the Situation Room”.[227] Another senior Obama advisor said Biden “is always prepared to be the skunk at the family picnic to make sure we are as intellectually honest as possible.”[172] Obama said, “The best thing about Joe is that when we get everybody together, he really forces people to think and defend their positions, to look at things from every angle, and that is very valuable for me.”[172] The Bidens maintained a relaxed atmosphere at their official residence in Washington, often entertaining their grandchildren, and regularly returned to their home in Delaware.[228]
Biden campaigned heavily for Democrats in the 2010 midterm elections, maintaining an attitude of optimism in the face of predictions of large-scale losses for the party.[229] Following big Republican gains in the elections and the departure of White House chief of staff Rahm Emanuel, Biden’s past relationships with Republicans in Congress became more important.[230][231] He led the successful administration effort to gain Senate approval for the New START treaty.[230][231] In December 2010, Biden’s advocacy for a middle ground, followed by his negotiations with Senate minority leader Mitch McConnell, were instrumental in producing the administration’s compromise tax package that included a temporary extension of the Bush tax cuts.[231][232] Biden then took the lead in trying to sell the agreement to a reluctant Democratic caucus in Congress.[231][233] The package passed as the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010.
In March 2011, Obama delegated Biden to lead negotiations with Congress to resolve federal spending levels for the rest of the year and avoid a government shutdown.[234] By May 2011, a “Biden panel” with six congressional members was trying to reach a bipartisan deal on raising the U.S. debt ceiling as part of an overall deficit reduction plan.[235][236] The U.S. debt ceiling crisis developed over the next few months, but Biden’s relationship with McConnell again proved key in breaking a deadlock and bringing about a deal to resolve it, in the form of the Budget Control Act of 2011, signed on August 2, 2011, the same day an unprecedented U.S. default had loomed.[237][238][239] Biden had spent the most time of anyone in the administration bargaining with Congress on the debt question,[238] and one Republican staffer said, “Biden’s the only guy with real negotiating authority, and [McConnell] knows that his word is good. He was a key to the deal.”[237]
Some reports suggest that Biden opposed proceeding with the May 2011 U.S. mission to kill Osama bin Laden,[219][240] lest failure adversely affect Obama’s reelection prospects.[241][242] He took the lead in notifying Congressional leaders of the successful outcome.[243]
Reelection
In October 2010, Biden said Obama had asked him to remain as his running mate for the 2012 presidential election,[229] but with Obama’s popularity on the decline, White House Chief of Staff William M. Daley conducted some secret polling and focus group research in late 2011 on the idea of replacing Biden on the ticket with Hillary Clinton.[244] The notion was dropped when the results showed no appreciable improvement for Obama,[244] and White House officials later said Obama had never entertained the idea.[245]
Biden and Obama, July 2012
Biden’s May 2012 statement that he was “absolutely comfortable” with same-sex marriage gained considerable public attention in comparison to Obama’s position, which had been described as “evolving”.[246] Biden made his statement without administration consent, and Obama and his aides were quite irked, since Obama had planned to shift position several months later, in the build-up to the party convention, and since Biden had previously counseled the president to avoid the issue lest key Catholic voters be offended.[179][247][248][249] Gay rights advocates seized upon Biden’s statement,[247] and within days, Obama announced that he too supported same-sex marriage, an action in part forced by Biden’s remarks.[250] Biden apologized to Obama in private for having spoken out,[248][251] while Obama acknowledged publicly it had been done from the heart.[247] The incident showed that Biden still struggled at times with message discipline,[179] as Time wrote, “Everyone knows Biden’s greatest strength is also his greatest weakness.”[219] Relations were also strained between the vice presidential and presidential campaigns when Biden appeared to use his position to bolster fundraising contacts for a possible run for president in 2016, and he ended up being excluded from Obama campaign strategy meetings.[244]
The Obama campaign nevertheless valued Biden as a retail-level politician who could connect with disaffected blue-collar workers and rural residents, and he had a heavy schedule of appearances in swing states as the reelection campaign began in earnest in spring 2012.[252][219] An August 2012 remark before a mixed-race audience that Republican proposals to relax Wall Street regulations would “put y’all back in chains” led to a similar analysis of Biden’s face-to-face campaigning abilities versus his tendency to go off track.[252][253][254] The Los Angeles Times wrote, “Most candidates give the same stump speech over and over, putting reporters if not the audience to sleep. But during any Biden speech, there might be a dozen moments to make press handlers cringe, and prompt reporters to turn to each other with amusement and confusion.”[253] Time magazine wrote that Biden often went too far and “Along with the familiar Washington mix of neediness and overconfidence, Biden’s brain is wired for more than the usual amount of goofiness.”[252]
Biden was nominated for a second term as vice president at the 2012 Democratic National Convention in September.[255] Debating his Republican counterpart, Representative Paul Ryan, in the vice-presidential debate on October 11 he made a spirited and emotional defense of the Obama administration’s record and energetically attacked the Republican ticket.[256][257] On November 6, Obama and Biden won reelection[258] over Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan with 332 of 538 Electoral College votes and 51% of the popular vote.[259]
In December 2012, Obama named Biden to head the Gun Violence Task Force, created to address the causes of gun violence in the United States in the aftermath of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.[260] Later that month, during the final days before the United States fell off the “fiscal cliff”, Biden’s relationship with McConnell again proved important as the two negotiated a deal that led to the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 being passed at the start of 2013.[261][262] It made many of the Bush tax cuts permanent but raised rates on upper income levels.[262]
Second term (2013–2017)
Official vice president portrait, 2013
Biden was inaugurated to a second term on January 20, 2013, at a small ceremony at Number One Observatory Circle, his official residence, with Justice Sonia Sotomayor presiding (a public ceremony took place on January 21).[263]
Biden played little part in discussions that led to the October 2013 passage of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, which resolved the federal government shutdown of 2013 and the debt-ceiling crisis of 2013. This was because Senate majority leader Harry Reid and other Democratic leaders cut him out of any direct talks with Congress, feeling Biden had given too much away during previous negotiations.[264][265][266]
Biden’s Violence Against Women Act was reauthorized again in 2013. The act led to related developments, such as the White House Council on Women and Girls, begun in the first term, as well as the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault, begun in January 2014 with Biden and Valerie Jarrett as co-chairs.[267][268] Biden discussed federal guidelines on sexual assault on university campuses while giving a speech at the University of New Hampshire. He said, “No means no, if you’re drunk or you’re sober. No means no if you’re in bed, in a dorm or on the street. No means no even if you said yes at first and you changed your mind. No means no.”[269][270][271]
Biden favored arming Syria’s rebel fighters.[272] As Iraq fell apart during 2014, renewed attention was paid to the Biden-Gelb Iraqi federalization plan of 2006, with some observers suggesting Biden had been right all along.[273][274] Biden himself said the U.S. would follow ISIL “to the gates of hell”.[275] Biden had close relationships with several Latin American leaders and was assigned a focus on the region during the administration; he visited the region 16 times during his vice presidency, the most of any president or vice president.[276]
In 2015, Speaker of the House John Boehner and Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell invited Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu to address a joint session of Congress without notifying the Obama administration. This defiance of protocol led Biden and more than 50 congressional Democrats to skip Netanyahu’s speech.[277] In August 2016, Biden visited Serbia, where he met with Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić and expressed his condolences for civilian victims of the bombing campaign during the Kosovo War.[278] In Kosovo, he attended a ceremony renaming a highway after his son Beau, in honor of Beau’s service to Kosovo in training its judges and prosecutors.[279][280][281]
Biden never cast a tie-breaking vote in the Senate, making him the longest-serving vice president with this distinction.[282]
Biden with Vice President-elect Mike Pence on November 10, 2016
Role in the 2016 presidential campaign
During his second term, Biden was often said to be preparing for a possible bid for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination.[283] With his family, many friends, and donors encouraging him in mid-2015 to enter the race, and with Hillary Clinton’s favorability ratings in decline at that time, Biden was reported to again be seriously considering the prospect and a “Draft Biden 2016” PAC was established.[283][284][285]
As of September 11, 2015, Biden was still uncertain about running. He felt his son’s recent death had largely drained his emotional energy, and said, “nobody has a right … to seek that office unless they’re willing to give it 110% of who they are.”[286] On October 21, speaking from a podium in the Rose Garden with his wife and Obama by his side, Biden announced his decision not to run for president in 2016.[287][288][289] In January 2016, Biden affirmed that it was the right decision, but admitted to regretting not running for president “every day”.[290]
After Obama endorsed Hillary Clinton on June 9, 2016, Biden endorsed her later that day.[291] Throughout the 2016 election, Biden strongly criticized Clinton’s opponent, Donald Trump, in often colorful terms.[292][293]
Subsequent activities (2017–2019)
After leaving the vice presidency, Biden became a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, while continuing to lead efforts to find treatments for cancer.[294] In 2017 he wrote a memoir, Promise Me, Dad, and went on a book tour.[295] Biden earned $15.6 million in 2017–2018.[296] In 2018, he gave a eulogy for Senator John McCain, praising McCain’s embrace of American ideals and bipartisan friendships.[297]
Biden remained in the public eye, endorsing candidates while continuing to comment on politics, climate change, and the presidency of Donald Trump.[298][299][300] He also continued to speak out in favor of LGBT rights, continuing advocacy on an issue he had become more closely associated with during his vice presidency.[301][302] In 2019, Biden criticized Brunei for its intention to implement Islamic laws that would allow death by stoning for adultery and homosexuality, calling it “appalling and immoral” and saying, “There is no excuse—not culture, not tradition—for this kind of hate and inhumanity.”[303] By 2019, Biden and his wife reported that their assets had increased to between $2.2 million and $8 million from speaking engagements and a contract to write a set of books.[304]
2020 presidential campaign
Speculation and announcement
Biden at his presidential kickoff rally in Philadelphia, May 2019
Between 2016 and 2019, media outlets often mentioned Biden as a likely candidate for president in 2020.[305] When asked if he would run, he gave varied and ambivalent answers, saying “never say never”.[306] At one point he suggested he did not see a scenario where he would run again,[307][308] but a few days later, he said, “I’ll run if I can walk.”[309] A political action committee known as Time for Biden was formed in January 2018, seeking Biden’s entry into the race.[310] He finally launched his campaign on April 25, 2019,[311] saying he was prompted to run, among other reasons, by his “sense of duty.”[312]
Campaign
In September 2019, it was reported that Trump had pressured Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky to investigate alleged wrongdoing by Biden and his son Hunter Biden.[313] Despite the allegations, no evidence was produced of any wrongdoing by the Bidens.[314][315][316] The media widely interpreted this pressure to investigate the Bidens as trying to hurt Biden’s chances of winning the presidency, resulting in a political scandal[317][318] and Trump’s impeachment by the House of Representatives.
Beginning in 2019, Trump and his allies falsely accused Biden of getting the Ukrainian prosecutor general Viktor Shokin fired because he was supposedly pursuing an investigation into Burisma Holdings, which employed Hunter Biden. Biden was accused of withholding $1 billion in aid from Ukraine in this effort. In 2015, Biden pressured the Ukrainian parliament to remove Shokin because the United States, the European Union and other international organizations considered Shokin corrupt and ineffective, and in particular because Shokin was not assertively investigating Burisma. The withholding of the $1 billion in aid was part of this official policy.[319][320][321][322] The Senate Homeland Security Committee and Senate Finance Committee, led by Republicans, investigated allegations of wrongdoing by the Bidens in Ukraine, ultimately releasing a report in September 2020 that detailed no evidence of wrongdoing by Joe Biden, and concluded that it was “not clear” whether Hunter Biden’s role in Burisma “affected U.S. policy toward Ukraine”.[323][324]
In March 2019 and April 2019, Biden was accused by eight women of previous instances of inappropriate physical contact, such as embracing, touching or kissing.[325] Biden had previously described himself as a “tactile politician” and admitted this behavior has caused trouble for him.[326] In April 2019, Biden pledged to be more “respectful of people’s personal space”.[327]
Throughout 2019, Biden stayed generally ahead of other Democrats in national polls.[328][329] Despite this, he finished fourth in the Iowa caucuses, and eight days later, fifth in the New Hampshire primary.[330][331] He performed better in the Nevada caucuses, reaching the 15% required for delegates, but still was behind Bernie Sanders by 21.6 percentage points.[332] Making strong appeals to black voters on the campaign trail and in the South Carolina debate, Biden won the South Carolina primary by more than 28 points.[333] After the withdrawals and subsequent endorsements of candidates Pete Buttigieg and Amy Klobuchar, he made large gains in the March 3 Super Tuesday primary elections. Biden won 18 of the next 26 contests, including Alabama, Arkansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, putting him in the lead overall.[334] Elizabeth Warren and Mike Bloomberg soon dropped out, and Biden expanded his lead with victories over Sanders in four states (Idaho, Michigan, Mississippi, and Missouri) on March 10.[335]
In late March 2020, Tara Reade, one of the eight women who previously accused Biden of inappropriate physical contact, made a new allegation against Biden, accusing him of a 1993 sexual assault.[336] There were inconsistences between Reade’s 2019 and 2020 allegations.[337] Biden and his campaign vehemently denied the sexual assault allegation.[338][339]
When Sanders suspended his campaign on April 8, 2020, Biden became the Democratic Party’s presumptive nominee for president.[340] On April 13, Sanders endorsed Biden in a live-streamed discussion from their homes.[341] Former President Barack Obama endorsed Biden the next day.[342] In March 2020, Biden committed to choosing a woman as his running mate.[343] In June, Biden met the 1,991-delegate threshold needed to secure the party’s presidential nomination.[344] On August 11, he announced U.S. Senator Kamala Harris of California as his running mate, making her the first African American and first South Asian American vice-presidential nominee on a major-party ticket.[345]
On August 18, 2020, Biden was officially nominated at the 2020 Democratic National Convention as the Democratic Party nominee for president in the 2020 election.[346][347][348]
Presidential transition
Biden was elected the 46th president of the United States in November 2020. He defeated the incumbent, Donald Trump, becoming the first candidate to defeat a sitting president since Bill Clinton defeated George H. W. Bush in 1992. Trump refused to concede, insisting the election had been “stolen” from him through “voter fraud”, challenging the results in court and promoting numerous conspiracy theories about the voting and vote-counting processes, in an attempt to overturn the election results.[349] Biden’s transition was delayed by several weeks as the White House ordered federal agencies not to cooperate.[350] On November 23, General Services Administrator Emily W. Murphy formally recognized Biden as the apparent winner of the 2020 election and authorized the start of a transition process to the Biden administration.[351]
On January 6, 2021, during Congress’s electoral vote count, Trump told supporters gathered in front of the White House to march to the Capitol, saying, “We will never give up. We will never concede. It doesn’t happen. You don’t concede when there’s theft involved.”[352] Soon after, they stormed the Capitol. During the insurrection at the Capitol, Biden addressed the nation, calling the events “an unprecedented assault unlike anything we’ve seen in modern times.” He specifically called on Trump to “go on national television now to fulfill his oath and defend the Constitution and demand an end to this siege”, adding, “it must end now.”[353][354] After the Capitol was cleared, Congress resumed its joint session and officially certified the election results with Pence declaring Biden and Harris the winners.[355]
In December 2020, Biden received his first dose of the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine at the Christiana Hospital in Delaware, publicly taking the vaccine on live television to build trust in the vaccine and to encourage Americans to get inoculated.[356][357] He returned for his second dose in January 2021.[358]
Presidency (2021–present)
Inauguration
Biden was inaugurated as the 46th president of the United States on January 20, 2021.[359][360][n 4] At 78, he is the oldest person to have assumed the office.[359] He is the second Catholic president (after John F. Kennedy)[365] and the first president whose home state is Delaware.[366] He is the second non-incumbent vice president (after Richard Nixon in 1968) to be elected president.[367] He is also the first president from the Silent Generation.[368]
Biden’s inauguration was “a muted affair unlike any previous inauguration” due to COVID-19 precautions as well as massively increased security measures because of a threat of widespread civil unrest. Biden took the oath of office on the Capitol’s west steps and gave an inaugural address, but there were no spectators on the Mall and no in-person parades or inaugural balls. Trump did not attend, becoming the first outgoing president since 1869 to not attend his successor’s inauguration.[369]
First 100 days
In his first two days as president, Biden signed 17 executive orders, more than most recent presidents did in their first 100 days. By his third day, orders had included rejoining the Paris Climate Agreement, ending the state of national emergency at the border with Mexico, directing the government to rejoin the World Health Organization, face mask requirements on federal property, measures to combat hunger in the United States,[370][371][372][373] and revoking permits for the construction of the Keystone XL pipeline.[374][375][376] In his first two weeks in office, Biden signed more executive orders than any other president since Franklin D. Roosevelt had in their first month in office.[377]
On February 4, 2021, the Biden administration announced that the United States was ending its support for the Saudi-led bombing campaign in Yemen. In his first visit to the State Department as president, Biden said “this war has to end” and that the conflict had created a “humanitarian and strategic catastrophe.”[378] On February 25, the Biden administration “struck a site in Syria used by two Iranian-backed militia groups in response to rocket attacks on American forces in the region in the past two weeks.” This marked the first known action by the military under Biden.[379]
On March 11, the first anniversary of COVID-19 being declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization, Biden signed into law the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, a $1.9 trillion economic stimulus relief package he proposed and lobbied for that aimed to speed up the United States’ recovery from the economic and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing recession.[380] The package included direct payments to most Americans, an extension of increased unemployment benefits, funds for vaccine distribution and school reopenings, support for small businesses and state and local governments, and expansions of health insurance subsidies and the child tax credit. Biden’s initial proposal included an increase of the federal minimum wage to $15 per hour, but after Senate parliamentarian Elizabeth MacDonough determined that including the increase in a budget reconciliation bill would violate Senate rules, Democrats declined to pursue overruling her and removed the increase from the package.[381][382][383]
Also in March, amid a rise in migrants entering the U.S. from Mexico, Biden told migrants, “Don’t come over.” He said that the U.S. was arranging a plan for migrants to “apply for asylum in place”, without leaving their original locations. In the meantime, migrant adults “are being sent back”, Biden said, in reference to the continuation of the Trump administration’s Title 42 policy for quick deportations.[384] Biden earlier announced that his administration would not deport unaccompanied migrant children; the rise in arrivals of such children exceeded the capacity of facilities meant to shelter them (before they were sent to sponsors), leading the Biden administration in March to direct the Federal Emergency Management Agency to help manage these children.[385]
On April 14, Biden announced that the United States would delay the withdrawal of all troops from the war in Afghanistan until September 11, signalling an end to the country’s direct military involvement in Afghanistan after nearly 20 years.[386] In February 2020, the Trump administration had made a deal with the Taliban to completely withdraw U.S. forces by May 1, 2021.[387] According to The Wall Street Journal, Biden overruled his top military commanders (Generals Frank McKenzie, Austin Scott Miller, and Mark Milley), who proposed retaining an American force of 2,500 (as it was at the time) to ensure Afghan security while renegotiating a peace agreement with the Taliban.[388] Biden’s decision was met with a wide range of reactions, from support and relief to trepidation at the possible collapse of the Afghan government without American support.[389]
On April 22–23, Biden held an international climate summit at which he announced that the U.S. would cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 50%–52% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels. Other countries also increased their pledges. If the pledges made at the summit are met, they will cut global greenhouse gas emissions by 2.6–3.7 GtCO
2e by 2030.[390][391]
On April 28, the eve of his 100th day in office, Biden delivered his first address to a joint session of Congress, in which he highlighted the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and addressed withdrawing troops from Afghanistan, the murder of George Floyd, and the storming of the U.S. Capitol while urging Congress to pass comprehensive immigration, gun, and health care reform.[392]
According to some analysts, such as Alexander Nazaryan, Biden broke with both Obama and Trump by spending more and by withdrawing U.S. troops from Afghanistan. Nazaryan writes that Biden’s approach “has been marked by an obvious rejection of the daily chaos of the Trump years but also, more subtly, by a no-less-decisive rejection of Obama’s proceduralism. His aggressive approach to governing has put Republicans on the back foot, while delighting progressives who didn’t think that the 78-year-old former Delaware senator had a wholly original act in the works.”[393]
Rest of 2021
Biden meeting with Israeli President Reuven Rivlin, June 28, 2021
In May 2021, during a flareup in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Biden expressed his support for Israel, saying “my party still supports Israel” amid disagreement from some Democrats.[394]
In June 2021, Biden took his first trip abroad as president. In eight days he visited Belgium, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. He attended a G7 summit, a NATO summit, and an EU summit, and held one-on-one talks with Russian president Vladimir Putin.[395]
On June 17, Biden signed the Juneteenth National Independence Day Act, which officially declared Juneteenth a federal holiday.[396] Juneteenth is the first new federal holiday since Martin Luther King Jr. Day was declared a holiday in 1986.[397]
In July 2021, amid a slowing of the COVID-19 vaccination rate in the country and the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, Biden said that the country has “a pandemic for those who haven’t gotten the vaccination” and that it was therefore “gigantically important” for Americans to be vaccinated, touting the vaccines’ effectiveness against hospitalizations and deaths from COVID-19.[398] He also criticized the prevalence of COVID-19 misinformation on social media, saying it was “killing people”.[399]
In September 2021, Biden announced AUKUS, a security pact between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States, to ensure “peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific over the long term”; the deal included nuclear-powered submarines built for Australia’s use.[400]
Withdrawal from Afghanistan
American forces began withdrawing from Afghanistan in 2021, under the provisions of a February 2020 US-Taliban agreement. By April 2021, the State Department was urging American civilians in Afghanistan to leave as soon as possible, and acting United States Ambassador to Afghanistan Ross Wilson later said that over ensuing months the embassy had repeatedly urged Americans to leave the country in increasingly strong terms, but “people chose not to leave”.[401][402][403] The Taliban began an offensive on May 1. As late as July, American intelligence assessments estimated Kabul would fall to the Taliban months or weeks after the withdrawal of American forces from Afghanistan.[404][405] By early July, most American troops in Afghanistan had withdrawn.[387] Biden addressed the withdrawal in July, saying, “The likelihood there’s going to be the Taliban overrunning everything and owning the whole country is highly unlikely.”[387]
On August 15, the Afghan government collapsed under the Taliban offensive, and Afghan President Ashraf Ghani fled the country.[387][406] Biden reacted by ordering 6,000 American troops to assist in the evacuation of American personnel and Afghan allies.[407] He was widely criticized for the manner of the withdrawal, with allegations of poor planning for the evacuation of Americans and Afghan allies, and for his silence and absence during the days before the collapse of the Afghan government.[406][408][409]
On August 16, Biden addressed the “messy” situation, taking responsibility for it, and admitting that the situation “unfolded more quickly than we had anticipated”.[406][410] He defended his decision to withdraw, saying that Americans should not be “dying in a war that Afghan forces are not willing to fight for themselves”, since the “Afghan military collapsed, sometimes without trying to fight”.[410][411] Biden partly attributed the lack of early evacuation of Afghan civilians to the Afghan government’s opposition to a “mass exodus”, which it thought would cause a “crisis of confidence”.[411]
On August 22, Biden said that his administration knew that “terrorists may seek to exploit the situation” in Afghanistan and that ISIS-K was a “likely source” of threat.[412] On August 26, a suicide bombing at the Kabul airport killed 13 U.S. service members and 169 Afghans. Biden said that ISIS-K was responsible for the attack, and declared to the attackers that the United States “will hunt you down and make you pay”.[413] On August 27, an American drone strike killed two ISIS-K targets, who were “planners and facilitators”, according to a U.S. Army general.[414] On August 29, another American drone strike killed 10 civilians, including seven children; the Defense Department initially claimed the strike was conducted on an Islamic State suicide bomber threatening Kabul Airport, but admitted the mistake on September 17 and apologized, acknowledging that the targeted man was not affiliated with ISIS-K and that his activities were “harmless”.[415]
The U.S. military left Afghanistan on August 30, with Biden saying that the evacuation effort was an “extraordinary success”, by extracting over 120,000 Americans, Afghans and other allies.[416] He acknowledged that between “100 to 200” Americans who wanted to leave were left in Afghanistan, despite his August 18 pledge to stay in Afghanistan until all Americans who wanted to leave had left.[417] The Biden administration, joining governments of almost 100 countries, said that the Taliban had given “assurances” that anyone “with travel authorization from [these] countries” would continue to be allowed to leave Afghanistan.[418]
Advancing climate policy
In August 2021, the Biden administration promoted the bipartisan infrastructure bill and $3.5 trillion budget reconciliation bill. According to an analysis by Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer’s office, if enacted, those bills together can reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of the United States by 45% by 2030. The bills include tax incentives for renewable energy, electric vehicles and a fee on methane emissions. According to a letter sent by Schumer, with other administrative actions planned by Biden and actions at state level, the bills should help the U.S. cut emissions by 50% by 2030. This is consistent with the target declared in the 2021 Leaders’ Climate Summit. According to the research director at the University of Maryland’s Center for Global Sustainability, the finding “generally aligns with outside analysis.” Many exprerts regard this target as essential to reach net zero emissions by the year 2050. The main GHG emmiters must reach this goal to limit warming to 1.5°C.[419] Debate over the budget reconciliation bill continued in September. The bill contains payments for preventing natural disasters and helping people rebuilding from them. Some Republicans criticized Biden for spending on climate change issues, but Republican Representative Garret Graves of Louisiana, whose state was severely hurt by Hurricane Ida, supported the spending.[420]
As COP26, scheduled for October 31 to November 12, 2021, approached, Biden increased his efforts domestically and internationally. He promoted an agreement that the U.S. and the European Union will cut methane emissions by a third by 2030 and tried to add dozens of other countries to the effort.[421] He tried to convince China[422] and Australia[423] to do more. He convened an online Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate Change to press other countries to strengthen their climate policy.[424][425] Biden pledged to double climate funding to developing countries by 2024.[426]
Political positions
Biden is considered a moderate Democrat[427] and a centrist,[428][429] though more recently he has been seen as shifting to the left.[430][431][432] He has a lifetime liberal 72% score from the Americans for Democratic Action through 2004, while the American Conservative Union gave him a lifetime conservative rating of 13% through 2008.[433]
Biden supported the fiscal stimulus in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009;[434][435] the Obama administration’s proposed increase in infrastructure spending;[435] subsidies for mass transit, including Amtrak, bus, and subway;[436] and the reduced military spending in the Obama administration’s fiscal year 2014 budget.[437][438] He has proposed partially reversing the corporate tax cuts of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, saying that doing so would not hurt businesses’ ability to hire.[439][440] He voted for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)[441] and the Trans-Pacific Partnership.[442] Biden is a staunch supporter of the Affordable Care Act (ACA).[443][444] He has promoted a plan to expand and build upon it, paid for by revenue gained from reversing some Trump administration tax cuts.[443] Biden’s plan aims to expand health insurance coverage to 97% of Americans, including by creating a public health insurance option.[445]
Biden has supported same-sex marriage since 2012[446][447] and also supports Roe v. Wade and repealing the Hyde Amendment.[448][449] He opposes drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and supports governmental funding to find new energy sources.[450] As a senator, he forged deep relationships with police groups and was a chief proponent of a Police Officer’s Bill of Rights measure that police unions supported but police chiefs opposed. As vice president, he served as a White House liaison to police.[451][452]
Biden believes action must be taken on global warming. As a senator, he co-sponsored the Sense of the Senate resolution calling on the United States to take part in the United Nations climate negotiations and the Boxer–Sanders Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act, the most stringent climate bill in the United States Senate.[453] He wants to achieve a carbon-free power sector in the U.S. by 2035 and stop emissions completely by 2050.[454] His program includes reentering the Paris Agreement, nature conservation, and green building.[455] Biden wants to pressure China and other countries to cut greenhouse gas emissions, by carbon tariffs if necessary.[456][457]
Biden has said the U.S. needs to “get tough” on China and build “a united front of U.S. allies and partners to confront China’s abusive behaviors and human rights violations”.[458] He has called China the “most serious competitor” that poses challenges to the United States’ “prosperity, security, and democratic values”. Biden has voiced concerns about China’s “coercive and unfair” economic practices and human rights abuses in the Xinjiang region to the Chinese Communist Party leader Xi Jinping.[460] He also pledged to sanction and commercially restrict Chinese government officials and entities who carry out repression.[461]
Biden has said he is against regime change, but for providing non-military support to opposition movements.[462] He opposed direct U.S. intervention in Libya,[463][227] voted against U.S. participation in the Gulf War,[464] voted in favor of the Iraq War,[465] and supports a two-state solution in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.[466] Biden has pledged to end U.S. support for the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen and to reevaluate the United States’ relationship with Saudi Arabia.[299] He has called North Korea a “paper tiger”.[467] As vice president, Biden supported Obama’s Cuban thaw.[468] He has said that, as president, he would restore U.S. membership in key United Nations bodies, such as the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the World Health Organization,[469] and possibly the Human Rights Council.[470] Biden supports extending the New START arms control treaty with Russia to limit the number of nuclear weapons deployed by both sides.[471][472] In 2021, Biden recognized the Armenian genocide, becoming the first US president to do so.[473]
Reputation
Biden was consistently ranked one of the least wealthy members of the Senate,[474][475][476] which he attributed to his having been elected young.[477] Feeling that less-wealthy public officials may be tempted to accept contributions in exchange for political favors, he proposed campaign finance reform measures during his first term.[92] As of November 2009, Biden’s net worth was $27,012.[478] By November 2020, the Bidens were worth $9 million, largely due to sales of Biden’s books and speaking fees after his vice presidency.[479][480][481][482]
The political writer Howard Fineman has written, “Biden is not an academic, he’s not a theoretical thinker, he’s a great street pol. He comes from a long line of working people in Scranton—auto salesmen, car dealers, people who know how to make a sale. He has that great Irish gift.”[39] Political columnist David S. Broder wrote that Biden has grown over time: “He responds to real people—that’s been consistent throughout. And his ability to understand himself and deal with other politicians has gotten much much better.”[39] Journalist James Traub has written that “Biden is the kind of fundamentally happy person who can be as generous toward others as he is to himself.”[157]
In recent years, especially after the 2015 death of his elder son Beau, Biden has been noted for his empathetic nature and ability to communicate about grief.[483][484] In 2020, CNN wrote that his presidential campaign aimed to make him “healer-in-chief”, while The New York Times described his extensive history of being called upon to give eulogies.[485]
Journalist and TV anchor Wolf Blitzer has described Biden as loquacious.[486] He often deviates from prepared remarks[487] and sometimes “puts his foot in his mouth.”[488][181][489][490] The New York Times wrote that Biden’s “weak filters make him capable of blurting out pretty much anything.”[181] In 2018, Biden called himself “a gaffe machine”.[491] Some of his gaffes have been characterized as racially insensitive.[492][493][494][495]
Distinctions
Electoral history
Election results
Year Office Party Votes for Biden % Opponent Party Votes %
1970 County councilor Green tick Democratic 10,573 55% Lawrence T. Messick Republican 8,192 43%
1972 U.S. senator Green tick Democratic 116,006 50% J. Caleb Boggs Republican 112,844 49%
1978 Green tick Democratic 93,930 58% James H. Baxter Jr. Republican 66,479 41%
1984 Green tick Democratic 147,831 60% John M. Burris Republican 98,101 40%
1990 Green tick Democratic 112,918 63% M. Jane Brady Republican 64,554 36%
1996 Green tick Democratic 165,465 60% Raymond J. Clatworthy Republican 105,088 38%
2002 Green tick Democratic 135,253 58% Raymond J. Clatworthy Republican 94,793 41%
2008 Green tick Democratic 257,484 65% Christine O’Donnell Republican 140,584 35%
2008 Vice president Green tick Democratic 69,498,516
365 electoral votes (270 needed) 53% Sarah Palin Republican 59,948,323
173 electoral votes 46%
2012 Green tick Democratic 65,915,795
332 electoral votes (270 needed) 51% Paul Ryan Republican 60,933,504
206 electoral votes 47%
2020 President Green tick Democratic 81,268,924
306 electoral votes (270 needed) 51% Donald Trump Republican 74,216,154
232 electoral votes 47%
Publications
Books
Biden, Joseph R., Jr.; Helms, Jesse (April 1, 2000). Hague Convention on International Child Abduction: Applicable Law and Institutional Framework Within Certain Convention Countries Report to the Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7567-2250-0.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (July 8, 2001). Putin Administration’s Policies toward Non-Russian Regions of the Russian Federation: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-7567-2624-9.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (July 24, 2001). Administration’s Missile Defense Program and the ABM Treaty: Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-7567-1959-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2016.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (September 5, 2001). Threat of Bioterrorism and the Spread of Infectious Diseases: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-7567-2625-6.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (February 12, 2002). Examining The Theft Of American Intellectual Property At Home And Abroad: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-7567-4177-8.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (February 14, 2002). Halting the Spread of HIV/AIDS: Future Efforts in the U.S. Bilateral & Multilateral Response: Hearings before the Comm. on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7567-3454-1.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (February 27, 2002). How Do We Promote Democratization, Poverty Alleviation, and Human Rights to Build a More Secure Future: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-7567-2478-8.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (August 1, 2002). Hearings to Examine Threats, Responses, and Regional Considerations Surrounding Iraq: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-7567-2823-6.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (January 1, 2003). International Campaign Against Terrorism: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7567-3041-3.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (January 1, 2003). Political Future of Afghanistan: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7567-3039-0.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (September 1, 2003). Strategies for Homeland Defense: A Compilation by the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7567-2623-2.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (July 31, 2007). Promises to Keep. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6536-3. Also paperback edition, Random House 2008, ISBN 978-0-8129-7621-2.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (November 14, 2017). Promise Me, Dad: A Year of Hope, Hardship, and Purpose. Flatiron Books. ISBN 978-1-250-17167-2.
Book contributions
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (2005). “Foreword”. In Nicholson, William C. (ed.). Homeland Security Law and Policy. C. C Thomas. ISBN 978-0-398-07583-5.
Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (2009). “Foreword.” In: Choosing Equality: Essays and Narratives on the Desegregation Experience. Edited by Robert L. Hayman, Jr. and Leland Ware. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-271-03433-1.
Pamphlets
Biden, Joseph R., Jr., and Les Aspin, William Louis Dickinson, Brent Scowcroft (1982). Arms Sales: A Useful Foreign Policy Tool? American Enterprise Institute. AEI Forum 56. Moderated by John Charles Daly.
Articles
Biden, Joseph R., Jr., and Miga Purev-Ochir (Spring 2015). “U.S.-Russian Relations in a Post-Cold War World: A Strategic Vision: Mapping a Future for U.S.-Russian Relations.” Harvard International Review, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 72–76. JSTOR 43649299.
Notes
^ Biden held the chairmanship from January 3 to 20, then was succeeded by Jesse Helms until June 6, and thereafter held the position until 2003
^ Biden admired McCain politically as well as personally. In May 2004, he had urged McCain to run as vice president with presumptive Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry, saying the cross-party ticket would help heal the “vicious rift” in U.S. politics.[184]
^ Delaware’s Democratic governor, Ruth Ann Minner, announced on November 24, 2008, that she would appoint Biden’s longtime senior adviser Ted Kaufman to succeed Biden in the Senate.[198] Kaufman said he would serve only two years, until Delaware’s special Senate election in 2010.[198] Biden’s son Beau ruled himself out of the 2008 selection process due to his impending tour in Iraq with the Delaware Army National Guard.[199] He was a possible candidate for the 2010 special election, but in early 2010 said he would not run for the seat.[200]
^ Like previous potential transition teams, such as that of unsuccessful candidate Mitt Romney in 2012, the Biden transition team remained eligible for government funding in accordance with the Pre-Election Presidential Transition Act of 2010,[361][362] and Biden had been eligible to receive classified intelligence briefings since his nomination in August.[363] At least some government agencies had reportedly started their transition plans as early as November 9, 2020, with airspace being restricted over his home, and “the Secret Service … using agents from its presidential protective detail for the president-elect and his family.”[364]
^ During most of his early career, he was commonly referred to as Joseph Biden.
References
^ Jump up to: a b United States Congress. “Joseph R. Biden (id: b000444)”. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
^ Witcover (2010), p. 5.
^ Chase, Randall (January 9, 2010). “Vice President Biden’s mother, Jean, dies at 92”. WITN-TV. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 20, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Smolenyak, Megan (September 3, 2002). “Joseph Biden Sr., 86, father of the senator”. The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
^ Witcover (2010), p. 9.
^ Smolenyak, Megan (July 2, 2012). “Joe Biden’s Irish Roots”. HuffPost. Archived from the original on April 28, 2019. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
^ “Number two Biden has a history over Irish debate”. The Belfast Telegraph. November 9, 2008. Archived from the original on December 16, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Witcover (2010), p. 8.
^ Smolenyak, Megan (April–May 2013). “Joey From Scranton—VP Biden’s Irish Roots”. Irish America. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
^ Russell, Katie (January 8, 2021). “Joe Biden’s family tree: how tragedy shaped the US president-elect”. The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
^ Jump up to: a b Biden, Joe (2008). Promises to Keep: On Life and Politics. Random House. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0-8129-7621-2.
^ Witcover (2010), pp. 7-8.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Broder, John M. (October 23, 2008). “Father’s Tough Life an Inspiration for Biden”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Rubinkam, Michael (August 27, 2008). “Biden’s Scranton childhood left lasting impression”. Fox News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
^ Ebert, Jennifer (January 20, 2021). “Joe Biden’s houses”. Homes and Gardens. Retrieved September 18, 2021.
^ Newman, Meredith (June 24, 2019). “How Joe Biden went from ‘Stutterhead’ to senior class president”. News Journal. Retrieved September 18, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Almanac of American Politics 2008, p. 364.
^ Witcover (2010), pp. 27, 32.
^ Frank, Martin (September 28, 2008). “Biden was the stuttering kid who wanted the ball”. The News Journal. p. D.1. Archived from the original on June 1, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Witcover (2010), pp. 40-41.
^ Jump up to: a b Taylor (1990), p. 99.
^ Biden, Promises to Keep, pp. 27, 32–33.
^ Montanaro, Domenico. “Fact Check: Biden’s Too Tall Football Tale”. firstread.nbcnews.com. NBC News. Archived from the original on December 21, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Dionne, E. J., Jr. (September 18, 1987). “Biden Admits Plagiarism in School But Says It Was Not ‘Malevolent'”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 20, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e “A timeline of U.S. Sen. Joe Biden’s life and career”. San Francisco Chronicle. Associated Press. August 23, 2008. Archived from the original on September 25, 2008. Retrieved September 6, 2008.
^ Taylor (1990), p. 98.
^ Biden, Jr., Joseph R. (July 9, 2009). “Letter to National Stuttering Association chairman” (PDF). National Stuttering Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 28, 2011. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
^ Hook, Janet (September 16, 2019). “Joe Biden’s childhood struggle with a stutter: How he overcame it and how it shaped him”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 16, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
^ Hendrickson, John (January–February 2020). “What Joe Biden Can’t Bring Himself to Say”. The Atlantic. Archived from the original on November 21, 2019. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
^ Bailey, Isaac J. (March 11, 2020). “Is Biden’s Stutter Being Mistaken for “Cognitive Decline”?”. Nieman Reports. Cambridge, MA: Nieman Foundation for Journalism. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
^ Carlisle, Madeleine (December 20, 2019). “Sarah Huckabee Sanders Apologizes To Joe Biden After Mocking Debate Response on Stuttering”. Time. New York, NY. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
^ Biden, Promises to Keep, pp. 32, 36–37.
^ Witcover (2010), pp. 50, 75.
^ Caldera, Camille (September 16, 2020). “Fact check: Biden, like Trump, received multiple draft deferments from Vietnam”. USA Today. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Leubsdorf, Carl P. (September 6, 1987). “Biden Keeps Sights Set On White House”. The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021. Reprinted in “Lifelong ambition led Joe Biden to Senate, White House aspirations”. The Dallas Morning News. August 23, 2008. Archived from the original on September 19, 2008.
^ Barrett, Laurence I. (June 22, 1987). “Campaign Portrait, Joe Biden: Orator for the Next Generation”. Time. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Current Biography Yearbook 1987, p. 43.
^ Witcover (2010), p. 86.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Palmer, Nancy Doyle (February 1, 2009). “Joe Biden: ‘Everyone Calls Me Joe'”. Washingtonian. Archived from the original on July 31, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2009.
^ Witcover (2010), p. 59.
^ Harriman, Jane (December 31, 1969). “Joe Biden: Hope for Democratic Party in ’72?”. Newspapers.com. The News Journal. p. 3. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
^ Delaware Republican State Headquarters (1970). “Republican Information Center: 1970 List of Candidates” (PDF). University of Delaware Library Institutional Repository. Newark, DE: University of Delaware. p. 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
^ “County Ponders Housing Code”. The News Journal. Wilmington, DE. October 1, 1969. p. 2. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Lockman, Norm (December 20, 1969). “New Housing Code Favored for County”. The News Journal. Wilmington, DE. p. 2. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
^ “County Council to Take Oath”. The News Journal. Wilmington, DE. January 2, 1971. p. 4. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
^ “Conner Calls Shake of 7 Lucky Omen for Council”. The News Journal. Wilmington, DE. January 6, 1971. p. 3. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
^ “Maloney Seeks New Businesses”. The News Journal. Wilmington, DE. January 2, 1973. p. 4. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
^ “Swift Seeks 4th District County Seat”. The News Journal. Wilmington, DE. March 30, 1972. p. 41. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Frump, Bob (November 8, 1972). “GOP Decade Ends with Slawik Win”. The News Journal. Wilmington, DE. p. 3. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Zintl, Terry (March 14, 1973). “Shop Center Hackles Rise In Hockessin”. The News Journal. Wilmington, DE. p. 64. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Witcover (2010), p. 62.
^ Jump up to: a b c Naylor, Brian (October 8, 2007). “Biden’s Road to Senate Took Tragic Turn”. National Public Radio. Archived from the original on September 11, 2008. Retrieved September 12, 2008.
^ “President Joe Biden: 25 Things You Don’t Know About Me!”. Us Weekly. A360 Media LLC. January 20, 2021. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
^ “Biden’s Wife, Child Killed in Car Crash”. The New York Times. December 19, 1972. p. 9. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b c Witcover (2010), pp. 93, 98.
^ Levey, Noam M. (August 24, 2008). “In his home state, Biden is a regular Joe”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
^ Kipp, Rachel (September 4, 2008). “No DUI in crash that killed Biden’s 1st wife, but he’s implied otherwise”. The News Journal. p. A.1. Archived from the original on June 1, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
^ “A Senator’s Past: The Biden Car Crash”. Inside Edition. August 27, 2008. Archived from the original on June 1, 2009. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
^ Orr, Bob (March 24, 2009). “Driver In Biden Crash Wanted Name Cleared”. CBS News. Archived from the original on March 14, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
^ Hamilton, Carl (October 30, 2008). “Daughter of man in ’72 Biden crash seeks apology from widowed Senator”. Newark Post. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
^ Kruse, Michael (January 25, 2019). “How Grief Became Joe Biden’s ‘Superpower'”. Politico. Archived from the original on June 13, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
^ Biden, Promises to Keep, p. 81
^ Bumiller, Elisabeth (December 14, 2007). “Biden Campaigning With Ease After Hardships”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
^ “On Becoming Joe Biden”. Morning Edition. NPR. August 1, 2007. Archived from the original on September 9, 2008. Retrieved September 12, 2008.
^ Biden, Promises to Keep, p. 113.
^ Seelye, Katharine Q. (August 24, 2008). “Jill Biden Heads Toward Life in the Spotlight”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2008. Retrieved August 25, 2008.
^ Dart, Bob (October 24, 2008). “Bidens met, forged life together after tragedy”. Orlando Sentinel. Cox News Service. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Biden, Promises to Keep, p. 117.
^ Sarkadi, Zsolt (November 8, 2020). “Biden és felesége 1977-ben a Balatonnál voltak nászúton”. 444.hu (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
^ Adler, Katya (November 8, 2020). “US election: What does Joe Biden’s win mean for Brexit Britain and Europe?”. BBC News. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
^ Gibson, Ginger (August 25, 2008). “Parishioners not surprised to see Biden at usual Mass”. The News Journal. p. A.12. Archived from the original on June 1, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
^ “Ashley Biden and Howard Krein”. The New York Times. June 3, 2012. p. ST15. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Cooper, Christopher (August 20, 2008). “Biden’s Foreign Policy Background Carries Growing Cachet”. The Wall Street Journal. p. A4. Archived from the original on August 13, 2013. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
^ Helsel, Phil (May 31, 2015). “Beau Biden, Son of Vice President Joe Biden, Dies After Battle With Brain Cancer”. NBC News. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
^ Kane, Paul (May 31, 2015). “Family losses frame Vice President Biden’s career”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
^ Evans, Heidi (December 28, 2008). “From a blind date to second lady, Jill Biden’s coming into her own”. New York Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on January 4, 2009. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
^ Evon, Dan (October 16, 2020). “Did Biden Teach Constitutional Law for 21 Years?”. Snopes. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
^ Fauzia, Miriam (October 28, 2020). “Fact check: If he loses election, Biden said he wants to teach, but where is uncertain”. USA Today. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
^ “Faculty: Joseph R. Biden, Jr”. Widener University School of Law. Archived from the original on October 6, 2008. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
^ “Senator Biden becomes Vice President-elect”. Widener University School of Law. November 6, 2008. Archived from the original on January 5, 2009. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
^ Purchla, Matt (August 26, 2008). “For Widener Law students, a teacher aims high”. Metro Philadelphia. Archived from the original on October 4, 2008. Retrieved September 25, 2008.
^ Carey, Kathleen E. (August 27, 2008). “Widener students proud of Biden”. Delaware County Daily and Sunday Times. Archived from the original on September 19, 2008. Retrieved September 25, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b “Oath Solemn”. Spokane Daily Chronicle. Associated Press. January 6, 1973. p. 11. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Public Domain One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: “Youngest Senator”. United States Senate. Archived from the original on December 26, 2002. Retrieved August 25, 2008.
^ Public Domain One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Pride, Mike (December 1, 2007). “Biden a smart guy who has lived his family values”. Concord Monitor. Archived from the original on December 3, 2007. Retrieved October 4, 2008.
^ “200 Faces for the Future”. Time. July 15, 1974. Archived from the original on August 13, 2013. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
^ Kelley, Kitty (June 1, 1974). “Death and the All-American Boy”. Washingtonian. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Gordon, Michael R. (August 24, 2008). “In Biden, Obama chooses a foreign policy adherent of diplomacy before force”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 27, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
^ Current Biography Yearbook 1987, p. 45.
^ Salacuse, Jeswald W. (2005). Leading Leaders: How to Manage Smart, Talented, Rich and Powerful People. American Management Association. ISBN 978-0-8144-0855-1. p. 144.
^ Jump up to: a b c Current Biography Yearbook 1987, p. 44.
^ Fifield, Anna (January 4, 2013). “Biden faces key role in second term”. Financial Times. Archived from the original on July 20, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Scherer, Michael (January 16, 2013). “America’s New Gunfight: Inside the Campaign to Avert Mass Shootings”. Time. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021. Cover story.
^ Finley, Bruce (September 19, 2014). “Biden: Men who don’t stop violence against women are “cowards””. The Denver Post. Archived from the original on October 13, 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
^ “Domestic Violence”. Biden senate website. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. Retrieved September 9, 2008.
^ Herndon, Astead W. (January 21, 2019). “On King Holiday, Democrats Convey Hope, Remorse and Invective Against Trump”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2019.
^ Martin, Jonathan; Burns, Alexander (January 6, 2019). “Biden in 2020? Allies Say He Sees Himself as Democrats’ Best Hope”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
^ Schor, Elana; Kinnard, Meg (January 21, 2019). “Biden says he regrets 1990s crime bill, calls it a ‘big mistake’ at MLK Day event”. Delaware Online. Associated Press. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
^ “10 U.S.C. 654 – Policy concerning homosexuality in the armed forces”. govinfo.gov. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
^ Epstein, Reid J.; Lerer, Lisa (September 20, 2019). “Joe Biden Has Tense Exchange Over L.G.B.T.Q. Record”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 16, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
^ Del Real, Jose A. (March 8, 2020). “Sanders attacks Biden’s record on gay rights and women’s issues”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 8, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
^ “U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 104th Congress—2nd Session”. senate.gov. Archived from the original on May 7, 2005. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
^ de Vogue, Ariane; Diamond, Jeremy (June 27, 2015). “Supreme Court rules states must allow same-sex marriage”. CNN. Archived from the original on June 27, 2015. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Almanac of American Politics 2008, p. 366.
^ “Obama introduces Biden as running mate”. CNN. August 23, 2008. Archived from the original on January 9, 2015. Retrieved September 18, 2008.
^ “Longest Serving Senators”. United States Senate. United States Senate. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
^ Gadsden, Brett (May 5, 2019). “Here’s How Deep Biden’s Busing Problem Runs”. Politico. Archived from the original on May 5, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
^ Gadsen 2012, p. 214.
^ Jump up to: a b Sokol, Jason (August 4, 2015). “How a Young Joe Biden Turned Liberals Against Integration”. Politico. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
^ Gadsen 2012, pp. 220–221.
^ Raffel, Jeffrey A. (1998). Historical Dictionary of School Segregation and Desegregation: The American Experience. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-313-29502-7. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Altman, Lawrence K. (February 23, 1998). “The Doctor’s World; Subtle Clues Are Often The Only Warnings Of Perilous Aneurysms”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 28, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c Altman, Lawrence K. (October 19, 2008). “Many Holes in Disclosure of Nominees’ Health”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 25, 2010. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
^ “Biden Resting After Surgery For Second Brain Aneurysm”. The New York Times. Associated Press. May 4, 1988. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Woodward, Calvin (August 23, 2008). “V.P. candidate profile: Sen. Joe Biden”. The Seattle Times. Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
^ Dionne Jr., E. J. (June 10, 1987). “Biden Joins Campaign for the Presidency”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 5, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b Toner, Robin (August 31, 1987). “Biden, Once the Field’s Hot Democrat, Is Being Overtaken by Cooler Rivals”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b Taylor (1990), p. 83.
^ Taylor (1990), pp. 108-109.
^ Dowd, Maureen (September 12, 1987). “Biden’s Debate Finale: An Echo From Abroad”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 15, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Randolph, Eleanor (September 13, 1987). “Plagiarism Suggestion Angers Biden’s Aides”. The Washington Post. p. A6. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b Risen, James; Shogan, Robert (September 16, 1987). “Differing Versions Cited on Source of Passages: Biden Facing New Flap Over Speeches”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Germond, Jack; Witcover, Jules (1989). Whose Broad Stripes and Bright Stars? The Trivial Pursuit of the Presidency 1988. Warner Books. ISBN 978-0-446-51424-8.
^ Dowd, Maureen (September 16, 1987). “Biden Is Facing Growing Debate On His Speeches”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ May, Lee (September 18, 1987). “Biden Admits Plagiarism in Writing Law School Brief”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ “Professional Board Clears Biden In Two Allegations of Plagiarism”. The New York Times. Associated Press. May 29, 1989. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Dionne, Jr., E. J. (September 22, 1987). “Biden Admits Errors and Criticizes Latest Report”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ “1988 Road to the White House with Sen. Biden”. C-SPAN via YouTube. August 23, 2008. Archived from the original on November 14, 2008. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
^ Flegenheimer, Matt (June 3, 2019). “Biden’s First Run for President Was a Calamity. Some Missteps Still Resonate”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 3, 2019. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
^ Pomper, Gerald M. (1989). “The Presidential Nominations”. The Election of 1988. Chatham House Publishers. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-934540-77-3. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
^ Dionne Jr., E. J. (September 24, 1987). “Biden Withdraws Bid for President in Wake of Furor”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 21, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Smith, David (September 7, 2020). “Neil Kinnock on Biden’s plagiarism ‘scandal’ and why he deserves to win: ‘Joe’s an honest guy'”. The Guardian. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b Bronner, Battle for Justice, pp. 138–139, 214, 305.
^ Jump up to: a b c Greenhouse, Linda (October 8, 1987). “Washington Talk: The Bork Hearings; For Biden: Epoch of Belief, Epoch of Incredulity”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ “Senate’s Roll-Call On the Bork Vote”. The New York Times. Associated Press. October 24, 1987. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b Mayer; Abramson, Strange Justice, p. 213, 218, 336.
^ Greenburg, Jan Crawford (September 30, 2007). “Clarence Thomas: A Silent Justice Speaks Out: Part VI: Becoming a Judge—and perhaps a Justice”. ABC News. Archived from the original on June 22, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2008.
^ “Nina Totenberg, NPR Biography”. NPR. Archived from the original on April 14, 2008. Retrieved May 31, 2008.
^ “Excerpt from Nina Totenberg’s breaking National Public Radio report on Anita Hill’s accusation of sexual harassment by Clarence Thomas”. NPR. Jewish Women’s Archive. October 6, 1991. Archived from the original on February 21, 2009. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c Phillips, Kate (August 23, 2008). “Biden and Anita Hill, Revisited”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 11, 2008. Retrieved September 12, 2008.
^ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay; Martin, Jonathan (April 25, 2019). “Joe Biden Expresses Regret to Anita Hill, but She Says ‘I’m Sorry’ Is Not Enough”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 25, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
^ Almanac of American Politics 2000, p. 372.
^ “How the senators voted on impeachment”. CNN. February 12, 1999. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Pilkington, Ed (December 2, 2019). “How Biden Helped Create the Student Debt Problem He Now Promises to Fix”. The Guardian. Archived from the original on March 6, 2020. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
^ Verma, Pranshu (October 24, 2020). “Biden, an Amtrak Evangelist, Could Be a Lifeline for a Rail Agency in Crisis”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Almanac of American Politics 2008, p. 365.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Richter, Paul; Levey, Noam N. (August 24, 2008). “Joe Biden respected—if not always popular—for foreign policy record”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
^ Kessler, Glenn (September 23, 2008). “Meetings with Foreign Leaders? Biden’s Been There, Done That”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
^ Clymer, Adam (January 13, 1991). “Congress Acts to Authorize War in Gulf”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Kessler, Glenn (October 7, 2008). “Biden Played Less Than Key Role in Bosnia Legislation”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 26, 2009. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
^ Borger, Julian (June 10, 2021). “Why Joe Biden is so invested in defending Good Friday agreement”. The Guardian. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b Holmes, Elizabeth (August 25, 2008). “Biden, McCain Have a Friendship—and More—in Common”. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
^ Crowley, Michael (September 24, 2009). “Hawk Down”. The New Republic. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2021. Even before Obama announced his run for president, Biden was warning that Afghanistan, not Iraq, was the ‘central front’ in the war against Al Qaeda, requiring a major U.S. commitment. ‘Whatever it takes, we should do it,’ Biden said in February 2002.
^ Russert, Tim (April 29, 2007). “MTP Transcript for April 29, 2007”. Meet the Press. NBC News. p. 2. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Weisbrot, Mark (February 18, 2020). “Joe Biden championed the Iraq war. Will that come back to haunt him now?”. The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 9, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Traub, James (November 24, 2009). “After Cheney”. The New York Times Magazine. p. MM34. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Shanker, Thom (August 19, 2007). “Divided They Stand, but on Graves”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b c Parker, Ned; Salman, Raheem (October 1, 2007). “U.S. vote unites Iraqis in anger”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Witcover (2010), pp. 572–573.
^ Henry, Ed (May 16, 2008). “Dems fire back at Bush on ‘appeasement’ statement”. CNN. Archived from the original on September 20, 2008. Retrieved September 2, 2008.
^ “Sen. Biden not running for president”. CNN. August 12, 2003. Archived from the original on February 9, 2019. Retrieved September 18, 2008.
^ Balz, Dan (February 1, 2007). “Biden Stumbles at the Starting Gate”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
^ “Transcript: The Democratic Debate”. ABC News. August 19, 2007. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
^ Farrell, Joelle (November 1, 2007). “A noun, a verb and 9/11”. Concord Monitor. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
^ “Conventions 2008: Sen. Joseph Biden (D)”. National Journal. August 25, 2008. Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
^ “Iowa Democratic Party Caucus Results”. Iowa Democratic Party. Archived from the original on December 29, 2008. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
^ Murray, Shailagh (January 4, 2008). “Biden, Dodd Withdraw From Race”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 20, 2008. Retrieved August 29, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Heilemann, John; Halperin, Mark (2010). Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-173363-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wolffe, Renegade, p. 218.
^ Jump up to: a b c Lizza, Ryan (October 20, 2008). “Biden’s Brief”. The New Yorker. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Cummings, Jeanne (September 16, 2009). “Joe Biden, ‘the skunk at the family picnic'”. The Politico. Retrieved September 17, 2009.
^ Vargas, Jose Antonio (August 23, 2008). “Obama’s veep message to supporters”. The Washington Post. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
^ Nagourney, Adam; Zeleny, Jeff (August 23, 2008). “Obama Chooses Biden as Running Mate”. The New York Times. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
^ Dionne, Jr., E.J. (August 25, 2008). “Tramps Like Us: How Joe Biden will reassure working class voters and change the tenor of this week’s convention”. The New Republic. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved August 25, 2008.
^ Wolffe, Renegade, p. 217.
^ Travers, Karen (June 15, 2009). “VP Biden Keeping the Door Open for 2016?”. Political Punch. ABC News. Archived from the original on October 17, 2010. Retrieved October 14, 2010.
^ “Biden in 2016?”. CNN. October 21, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Leibovich, Mark (May 7, 2012). “For a Blunt Biden, an Uneasy Supporting Role”. The New York Times. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Brown, Jennifer (August 27, 2008). “Biden accepts VP nomination”. The Denver Post. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Leibovich, Mark (September 19, 2008). “Meanwhile, the Other No. 2 Keeps On Punching”. The New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2008.
^ Tapper, Jake (September 14, 2008). “Joe Who?”. ABC News. Archived from the original on September 15, 2008. Retrieved September 15, 2008.
^ Jurkowitz, Mark (September 14, 2008). “Northern Exposure Still Dominates the News”. Pew Research Center. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
^ “McCain urged to Jin Kerry Ticket”. NBC News. Reuters. May 16, 2004. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
^ “Senate Passes Economic Rescue Package”. NY1. October 1, 2008. Archived from the original on October 5, 2008. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
^ Witcover (2010), pp. 655–661.
^ Jump up to: a b c Broder, John M. (October 30, 2008). “Hitting the Backroads, and Having Less to Say”. The New York Times. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Tumulty, Karen (October 29, 2008). “Hidin’ Biden: Reining In a Voluble No. 2”. Time. Retrieved November 1, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b McGrane, Victoria (November 3, 2008). “Where have you gone, Joe Biden?”. Politico. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
^ “Biden reliable running mate despite gaffes”. Asbury Park Press. Associated Press. October 26, 2008.
^ “Obama: ‘This is your victory'”. CNN. November 4, 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
^ Franke-Ruta, Garance (November 19, 2008). “McCain Takes Missouri”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
^ “President—Election Center 2008”. CNN. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
^ Chase, Randall (August 24, 2008). “Biden Wages 2 Campaigns At Once”. Fox News. Associated Press. Retrieved August 29, 2008.
^ Nuckols, Ben (November 4, 2008). “Biden wins 7th Senate term but may not serve”. USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved February 6, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Gaudiano, Nicole (January 7, 2009). “A bittersweet oath for Biden”. The News Journal. Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved February 7, 2009.
^ Turner, Trish (January 15, 2009). “Senate Releases $350 Billion in Bailout Funds to Obama”. Fox News. Associated Press. Retrieved January 25, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Milford, Phil (November 24, 2008). “Kaufman Picked by Governor to Fill Biden Senate Seat (Update 3)”. Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on November 16, 2008. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
^ Kraushaar, Josh (November 24, 2008). “Ted Kaufman to succeed Biden in Senate”. Politico. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
^ Hulse, Carl (January 25, 2010). “Biden’s Son Will Not Run for Delaware’s Open Senate Seat”. The New York Times. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
^ Becker, Bernie (January 15, 2009). “Biden and Clinton Say Goodbye to Senate”. The New York Times. Retrieved January 25, 2009.
^ “Ted Kaufman”. Ballotpedia. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
^ “Biden says he’ll be different vice president”. CNN. December 22, 2008. Archived from the original on December 24, 2008. Retrieved December 22, 2008.
^ Holland, Steve (November 13, 2008). “Biden picks former Gore aide as chief of staff”. Reuters. Archived from the original on January 3, 2009. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
^ Hornick, Ed; Levs, Josh (December 21, 2008). “What Obama promised Biden”. CNN. Archived from the original on December 24, 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2008.
^ Lee, Carol E. (January 6, 2009). “‘Senator’ Biden’s trip raises concerns”. Politico. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved January 9, 2009.
^ “In culminating moment, Biden is vice president”. OregonLive.com. Associated Press. January 20, 2009. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
^ “Think you know your election trivia?”. CNN. November 3, 2008. Archived from the original on November 6, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
^ Rudin, Ken (January 9, 2009). “The First Catholic Vice President?”. NPR. Archived from the original on September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
^ Gaudiano, Nicole (November 6, 2008). “VP’s home awaits if Biden chooses”. The News Journal. Archived from the original on November 9, 2008. Retrieved November 8, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Leibovich, Mark (March 28, 2009). “Speaking Freely, Biden Finds Influential Role”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 1, 2009. Retrieved March 31, 2009.
^ Chun, Kwang-Ho (2011). “Kosovo: A New European Nation-State?” (PDF). Journal of International and Area Studies. 18 (1): 91, 94. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Dilanian, Ken (June 11, 2009). “In a supporting role, Clinton takes a low-key approach at State Dept”. USA Today. Archived from the original on May 16, 2011. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
^ Smith, Ben (June 23, 2009). “Hillary Clinton toils in the shadows”. Politico. Archived from the original on September 16, 2015. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Bailey, Holly; Thomas, Evan (October 10, 2009). “An Inconvenient Truth Teller”. Newsweek. Archived from the original on November 23, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
^ Osnos, Evan (August 12, 2014). “Breaking Up: Maliki and Biden”. The New Yorker. Archived from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
^ Loffman, Matt (February 11, 2010). “Vice President Biden: Iraq “Could Be One of the Great Achievements of This Administration””. ABC News. Archived from the original on February 23, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ “Iraq reinstates 59 election candidates”. Agence France-Presse. January 25, 2010. Archived from the original on March 20, 2013. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Scherer, Michael (June 11, 2012). “Mo Joe”. Time. pp. 26–30.
^ Crowley, Michael (November 9, 2014). “The war over President Obama’s new war in Iraq”. Politico. Archived from the original on October 13, 2015. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
^ Scherer, Michael (July 1, 2009). “What Happened to the Stimulus?”. Time. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
^ Travers, Karen (February 17, 2011). “‘Sheriff Joe’ Biden Touts Recovery Act Success—and Hands Over His Badge”. ABC News. Archived from the original on February 21, 2011. Retrieved March 19, 2011.
^ Silva, Mark; Parsons, Christi (May 1, 2009). “White House adjusts Biden’s swine flu advice”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
^ “White House tempers Biden’s swine flu advice”. The Boston Globe. May 1, 2009. Archived from the original on May 5, 2009. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
^ Kurtzman, Daniel (May 8, 2009). “The Week’s Best Late-Night Jokes”. About.com. Archived from the original on June 11, 2019. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
^ “Biden: ‘We misread how bad the economy was'”. NBC News. Associated Press. July 5, 2009. Archived from the original on December 17, 2013. Retrieved July 9, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c Baker, Peter (April 28, 2019). “Biden and Obama’s ‘Odd Couple’ Relationship Aged Into Family Ties”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 6, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020. He was also the in-house skeptic on the use of force, arguing against a troop surge to Afghanistan, military intervention in Libya and the raid that killed Osama bin Laden.
^ Parnes, Amie (June 28, 2011). “The Bidens’ ‘regular’ lives”. Politico. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (October 12, 2010). “Vice President Tries to Energize Democrats”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 28, 2010. Retrieved October 14, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Lee, Carol E.; Bresnahan, John (December 9, 2010). “Joe Biden expands role as White House link to Congress”. Politico. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Cooper, Helene (December 11, 2010). “As the Ground Shifts, Biden Plays a Bigger Role”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 13, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
^ Hulse, Carl; Calmes, Jackie (December 7, 2010). “Biden and G.O.P. Leader Helped Hammer Out Bipartisan Tax Accord”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010. Retrieved December 8, 2010.
^ Herszenhorn, David M.; Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (December 7, 2010). “Democrats Skeptical of Obama on New Tax Plan”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 20, 2011. Retrieved December 8, 2010.
^ “Obama Welcomes Budget Deal; Biden to Lead Talks”. CNBC. Reuters. March 2, 2011. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
^ Reid, Tim (May 16, 2011). “Q+A: Debt and deficit talks in early stages”. Reuters. Archived from the original on May 20, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2011.
^ Gaudiano, Nicole (May 4, 2011). “Biden tasked with achieving consensus on cutting deficit”. The News Journal. Retrieved May 17, 2011.[permanent dead link]
^ Jump up to: a b Thrush, Glenn; Brown, Carrie Budoff; Raju, Manu; Bresnahan, John (August 2, 2011). “Joe Biden, Mitch McConnell and the making of a debt deal”. Politico. Archived from the original on September 22, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Feller, Ben; Pace, Julie; Kellman, Laurie; Benac, Nancy (August 3, 2011). “The real drama was in private as debt deal hatched”. Fox News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2011.
^ Bohan, Caren; Sullivan, Andy; Ferraro, Thomas (August 3, 2011). “Special report: How Washington took the U.S. to the brink”. Reuters. Archived from the original on October 13, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2011.
^ Weigel, David (January 10, 2014). “Hillary Told the President That Her Opposition to the Surge in Iraq Had Been Political”. Slate. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Thiessen, Marc A. (October 8, 2012). “Biden’s Bin Laden Hypocrisy”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
^ Andersen Brower, Kate (June 1, 2018). “Hillary Clinton’s ‘ass-covering’ on bin Laden raid ‘rattled’ Biden”. The Hill. Archived from the original on May 13, 2019. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
^ “Osama Bin Laden dead; President Obama addresses nation”. Times Herald-Record. NewsCore. May 2, 2011. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Martin, Jonathan (October 31, 2013). “Book Details Obama Aides’ Talks About Replacing Biden on 2012 Ticket”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Allen, Jonathan (November 1, 2013). “W.H.: Obama never considered dropping Joe Biden”. Politico. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
^ Parsons, Christi (May 6, 2012). “Biden ‘comfortable’ with equal rights for gays who wed”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 26, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c “AP source: Biden apologizes to Obama over comments”. Fox News. Associated Press. May 10, 2012. Archived from the original on October 6, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Thrush, Glenn (August 20, 2012). “Politico e-book: Obama campaign roiled by conflict”. Politico. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Thursh, Glenn (August 23, 2012). “6 hidden fault lines in President Obama’s campaign”. Politico. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Calmes, Jackie; Baker, Peter (May 9, 2012). “Obama Says Same-Sex Marriage Should Be Legal”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2012.
^ Pace, Julie (May 10, 2012). “Joe Biden Reportedly Apologized To Obama Over Gay Marriage Comments”. The Huffington Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 28, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Von Drehle, David (September 10, 2012). “Let There Be Joe”. Time. pp. 41–43. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b Memoli, Michael A. (August 17, 2012). “Biden’s unscripted moments keep campaign on its toes”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Martin, Jonathan (August 16, 2012). “Mission Impossible: Managing Joe Biden”. Politico. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Siegel, Elyse (September 6, 2012). “Beau Biden Speech Kicks Of Motion To Nominate Father Joe Biden For Vice President”. Huffington Post. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ O’Brien, Michael (October 11, 2012). “Biden plays aggressor in debate as Ryan makes GOP case”. NBC News. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ “Sparks fly as Biden, Ryan face off in feisty vice presidential debate”. Fox News. October 12, 2012. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ “Obama defeats Romney to win second term, vows he has ‘more work to do'”. Fox News. November 7, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
^ Memoli, Michael A. (January 4, 2013). “It’s official: Obama, Biden win second term”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Caldwell, Leigh Ann (December 19, 2012). “Obama sets up gun violence task force”. CBS News. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Demirjian, Karoun (January 1, 2013). “It’s over: House passes ‘fiscal cliff’ deal”. Las Vegas Sun. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b Fram, Alan (January 2, 2013). “Congress’ OK of fiscal cliff deal gives Obama a win, prevents GOP blame for tax boosts”. Star Tribune. Minneapolis. Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 5, 2013.
^ Rampton, Roberta (January 20, 2013). “Vice President Biden sworn into office for second term”. Reuters. Archived from the original on January 22, 2013.
^ Bresnahan, John; Manu, Raju; Sherman, Jake; Brown, Carrie Budoff (October 18, 2013). “Anatomy of a shutdown”. Politico. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Gaudiano, Nicole (October 13, 2013). “Biden mostly out of sight as shutdown drags on”. USA Today. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Bowman, Bridget (October 14, 2013). “Biden takes a back seat during budget negotiations over shutdown”. PBS NewsHour. PBS. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ “Rape and sexual assault: A renewed call to action” (PDF). whitehouse.gov. January 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2017. Retrieved August 24, 2016 – via National Archives.
^ “Memorandum: Establishing White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault”. whitehouse.gov (Press release). January 22, 2014. Archived from the original on January 22, 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2014 – via National Archives.
^ Hayes, Dianne (2012). “Looking The Other Way?”. Diverse: Issues in Higher Education.
^ Elaine Grant (April 5, 2011). “Federal Effort Targets Sexual Assaults At Colleges”. NPR. Archived from the original on April 5, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2019. BIDEN: Look, guys, no matter what a girl does, no matter how she’s dressed, no matter how much she’s had to drink, it’s never, never, never, never, never OK to touch her without her consent.
^ Schow, Ashe (April 4, 2019). “Biden Reaps the #MeToo Whirlwind”. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on April 5, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2019. While speaking to students at the University of New Hampshire in 2011, then-Vice President Joe Biden told men in the audience that ‘no matter what a girl does, no matter how she’s dressed, no matter how much she’s had to drink—it’s never, never, never, never, never OK to touch her without her consent.’
^ Friedersdorf, Conor (September 18, 2014). “Who to Blame If Arming the Syrian Rebels Goes Wrong”. The Atlantic. Archived from the original on May 12, 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Gerstein, Josh (June 13, 2014). “Was Joe Biden right?”. Politico. Archived from the original on September 27, 2015. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
^ Kitfield, James (January 30, 2014). “Turns Out, Joe Biden Was Right About Dividing Iraq”. National Journal. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
^ Grier, Peter (September 3, 2014). “Joe Biden vows to chase Islamic State to ‘gates of hell’. Does he mean it?”. The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
^ Paz, Christian (October 26, 2020). “The Biden Doctrine Begins With Latin America”. The Atlantic. ISSN 1072-7825. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
^ Jaffe, Alexandra (March 3, 2015). “The list of Democrats skipping Netanyahu’s speech”. CNN. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
^ Melander, Ingrid (August 16, 2016). “Biden offers condolences for Serbs killed in 1999 NATO air strikes”. Reuters. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Bytyci, Fatos (August 15, 2016). “‘We owe you so much,’ Kosovo to tell Biden as street named after late son”. Reuters. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
^ Bezhan, Frud (August 17, 2016). “Word On The Street Is That Kosovo Has A Love Affair With Americans”. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
^ Rucker, Philip; Viser, Matt; DeBonis, Mike (March 5, 2020). “Trump and allies resume attacks on Biden’s son as the Democrat surges”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
^ Bycoffe, Aaron (February 7, 2017). “Pence Has Already Done Something Biden Never Did: Break A Senate Tie”. FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021. Twelve vice presidents, including Biden, never broke a tie; Biden was the longest-serving vice president to never do so.
^ Jump up to: a b Itkowitz, Colby (March 23, 2015). “There is a ‘Draft Joe Biden’ Super PAC Now; It’s Even Hiring a Fundraiser”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 16, 2015. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
^ Dowd, Maureen (August 1, 2015). “Joe Biden in 2016: What Would Beau Do?”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Zeleny, Jeff; Liptak, Kevin (August 1, 2015). “Joe Biden Keeps Watchful Eye on 2016 Race”. CNN. Archived from the original on February 2, 2016. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
^ “Joe Biden still undecided on presidential run”. BBC News. September 11, 2015. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Mason, Jeff (October 21, 2015). “Biden says he will not seek 2016 Democratic nomination”. aol.com. Archived from the original on October 22, 2015. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
^ Reilly, Mollie (October 21, 2015). “Joe Biden Is Not Running For President In 2016”. Huff Post. Archived from the original on April 5, 2019. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
^ McCain Nelson, Colleen; Nicholas, Peter (October 21, 2015). “Joe Biden Decides Not to Enter Presidential Race”. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on October 21, 2015. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
^ Fabian, Jordan (January 6, 2016). “Biden regrets not running for president ‘every day'”. The Hill. Archived from the original on January 2, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
^ Dovere, Edward-Isaac (June 9, 2016). “Joe Biden endorses Hillary Clinton”. Politico. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Shabad, Rebecca (June 20, 2016). “Joe Biden slams Donald Trump on wall, Muslim entry ban”. CBS News. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Parks, Maryalice (October 22, 2016). “Biden Says He Wishes He Could Take Trump ‘Behind the Gym’ Over Groping Comments”. ABC News. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ O’Brien, Sara Ashley (March 12, 2017). “Joe Biden: The fight against cancer is bipartisan”. CNNMoney. Archived from the original on May 26, 2019. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
^ Kane, Paul (June 11, 2018). “Biden wraps up book tour amid persistent questions about the next chapter”. The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
^ Viser, Matt; Narayanswamy, Anu (July 9, 2019). “Joe Biden earned $15.6 million in the two years after leaving the vice presidency”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
^ Friedman, Megan (August 30, 2018). “Joe Biden Just Gave an Incredibly Powerful Speech at John McCain’s Memorial”. Town & Country. Archived from the original on June 10, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Hutchins, Ryan (May 28, 2017). “Biden backs Phil Murphy, says N.J. governor’s race ‘most important’ in nation”. Politico. Archived from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b “The Democratic candidates on foreign policy”. Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
^ Greenwood, Max (May 31, 2017). “Biden: Paris deal ‘best way to protect’ US leadership”. The Hill. Archived from the original on February 25, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Dovere, Edward-Isaac (March 26, 2014). “VP’s LGBT comments raise eyebrows”. politico.com. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Peoples, Steve (June 21, 2017). “Joe Biden to LGBT gala: ‘Hold President Trump accountable'”. The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ “Brunei defends tough new Islamic laws against growing backlash”. Reuters. March 30, 2019. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
^ Eder, Steve; Glueck, Katie (July 9, 2019). “Joe Biden’s Tax Returns Show More Than $15 Million in Income After 2016”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 15, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
^ A. Memoli, Michael (December 6, 2016). “Joe Biden wouldn’t count out a 2020 run for president. But he was asked in an emotional moment”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
^ Wright, David (December 7, 2016). “Biden stokes 2020 buzz on Colbert: ‘Never say never'”. CNN. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
^ Lang, Cady (December 7, 2016). “Joe Biden Discussed Running in 2020 With Stephen Colbert: ‘Never Say Never'”. Time. Archived from the original on December 8, 2016. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
^ Revesz, Rachael (January 13, 2017). “Joe Biden: I will not run for president in 2020 but I am working to cure cancer”. The Independent. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
^ Alter, Jonathan (January 17, 2017). “Joe Biden: ‘I Wish to Hell I’d Just Kept Saying the Exact Same Thing'”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 21, 2017. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
^ Charnetzki, Tori (January 10, 2018). “New Quad City Super PAC: “Time for Biden””. WVIK. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
^ Scherer, Michael; Wagner, John (April 25, 2019). “Former vice president Joe Biden jumps into White House race”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
^ Dovere, Edward-Isaac (February 4, 2019). “Biden’s Anguished Search for a Path to Victory”. The Atlantic. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
^ Kramer, Andrew E. (September 20, 2019). “Ukraine Pressured on U.S. Political Investigations”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
^ Isachenkov, Vladimir (September 27, 2019). “Ukraine’s prosecutor says there is no probe into Biden”. Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 1, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019. Though the timing raised concerns among anti-corruption advocates, there has been no evidence of wrongdoing by either the former vice president or his son.
^ “White House ‘tried to cover up details of Trump-Ukraine call'”. BBC News. September 26, 2019. Archived from the original on September 30, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019. There is no evidence of any wrongdoing by the Bidens.
^ Brown, Matthew (January 15, 2021). “Fact check: False conspiracy theories allege connection between Biden victory and Ukraine”. USA Today. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
^ Cullison, Alan; Ballhaus, Rebecca; Volz, Dustin (September 21, 2019). “Trump Repeatedly Pressed Ukraine President to Investigate Biden’s Son”. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on September 23, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
^ Mackinnon, Amy (September 20, 2019). “Is Trump Trying to Get Ukraine to Take Out Biden for Him?”. Foreign Policy. Graham Holdings. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
^ Sherman, Amy (October 11, 2019). “Donald Trump ad misleads about Joe Biden, Ukraine and the prosecutor”. PolitiFact. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
^ Kessler, Glenn (September 27, 2019). “A quick guide to President Trump’s false claims about Ukraine and the Bidens”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
^ Dale, Daniel (September 25, 2019). “Fact check: What Trump has been getting wrong on Biden and Ukraine”. CNN. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
^ In March 2016 testimony to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, former ambassador to Ukraine John E. Herbst said, “By late fall of 2015, the EU and the United States joined the chorus of those seeking Mr. Shokin’s removal” and that Joe Biden “spoke publicly about this before and during his December visit to Kyiv.” During the same hearing, assistant secretary of state Victoria Nuland said, “We have pegged our next $1 billion loan guarantee, first and foremost, to having a rebooting of the reform coalition so that we know who we are working with, but secondarily, to ensuring that the prosecutor general’s office gets cleaned up.””Ukrainian Reforms Two Years After the Maidan Revolution and the Russian Invasion” (PDF). U.S. Government Publishing Office. March 15, 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 19, 2019. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
^ Fandos, Nicholas (September 23, 2020). “Republican Inquiry Finds No Evidence of Wrongdoing by Biden”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 24, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
^ Blake, Aaron (September 23, 2020). “GOP’s Hunter Biden report doesn’t back up Trump’s actual conspiracy theory — or anything close to it”. The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on September 24, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
^ Arnold, Amanda; Lampen, Claire (April 12, 2020). “All the Women Who Have Spoken Out Against Joe Biden”. The Cut. Archived from the original on December 17, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
^ Brice-Saddler, Michael (March 29, 2019). “Nevada Democrat accuses Joe Biden of touching and kissing her without consent at 2014 event”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
^ Ember, Sydney; Martin, Jonathan (April 3, 2019). “Joe Biden, in video, says he will be ‘more mindful’ of personal space”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
^ “NBC/WSJ poll: Former Vice-President Joe Biden frontrunner in race for Democratic nomination”. NBC News. WPSD-TV. December 19, 2019. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
^ Silver, Nate (January 10, 2020). “Biden Is The Front-Runner, But There’s No Clear Favorite”. FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
^ “2020 Iowa Democratic Caucuses Live Results”. The Washington Post. February 3, 2020. Archived from the original on December 7, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
^ “New Hampshire results”. NBC News. February 11, 2020. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
^ “Nevada Election Results 2020”. Politico. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
^ Peoples, Steve; Kinnard, Meg; Barrow, Bill (February 29, 2020). “Biden wins South Carolina, aims for Super Tuesday momentum”. Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2020.
^ Montanaro, Domenico (March 4, 2020). “5 Takeaways From Super Tuesday And Joe Biden’s Big Night”. NPR. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
^ Bradner, Eric; Krieg, Gregory; Merica, Dan (March 11, 2020). “5 takeaways as Biden takes command of Democratic race on Super Tuesday II”. CNN. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
^ Lerer, Lisa; Ember, Sydney (April 12, 2020). “Examining Tara Reade’s Sexual Assault Allegation Against Joe Biden”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 14, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
^ McGann, Laura (May 7, 2020). “The agonizing story of Tara Reade”. Vox. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
^ Reinhard, Beth; Viebeck, Elise; Viser, Matt; Crites, Alice (April 12, 2020). “Sexual assault allegation by former Biden Senate aide emerges in campaign, draws denial”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 28, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
^ Phillips, Amber (June 1, 2020). “What we know about Tara Reade’s sexual assault allegation against Joe Biden”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
^ Ember, Sydney (April 8, 2020). “Bernie Sanders Drops Out of 2020 Democratic Race for President”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 8, 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
^ Ember, Sydney; Glueck, Katie (April 13, 2020). “Bernie Sanders Endorses Joe Biden for President”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
^ Merica, Dan; Zeleny, Jeff (April 14, 2020). “Obama endorses Biden for president in video message”. CNN. Archived from the original on April 14, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
^ “Joe Biden commits to picking a woman as his running mate”. Axios. March 16, 2020. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved May 3, 2020.
^ Linskey, Annie (June 9, 2020). “Biden clinches the Democratic nomination after securing more than 1,991 delegates”. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
^ “Biden VP pick: Kamala Harris chosen as running mate”. BBC News. August 12, 2020. Archived from the original on October 10, 2020. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
^ Jamerson, Joshua; Day, Chad (August 18, 2020). “DNC Nominates Joe Biden to Lead Nation Through Pandemic”. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
^ Olorunnipa, Toluse; Janes, Chelsea; Sonmez, Felicia; Itkowitz, Colby; Wagner, John (August 19, 2020). “Joe Biden officially becomes the Democratic Party’s nominee on convention’s second night”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
^ Schultz, Marisa (August 18, 2020). “Democrats formally nominate Joe Biden for president in virtual roll call”. Fox News. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
^ Santucci, Jeanine (December 9, 2020). “Timeline: Trump insists he won the election as Biden prepares to take the White House”. USA Today. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
^ Wheeler, Tom (November 18, 2020). “With only 11 weeks, a transition delayed is a transition denied”. The Brookings Institution. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
^ Holmes, Kristen; Herb, Jeremy (November 23, 2020). “First on CNN: GSA tells Biden that transition can formally begin”. CNN. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
^ “Transcript of Trump’s Speech at Rally Before US Capitol Riot”. U.S. News & World Report. January 13, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
^ Kimble, Lindsay (January 6, 2021). “Joe Biden Calls on Donald Trump to ‘Step Up’ amid Chaos Led by ‘Extremists’ at Capitol”. People. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
^ Weissert, Will; Superville, Darlene (January 7, 2021). “Biden urges restoring decency after ‘assault’ on democracy”. Associated Press. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
^ King, Ledyard; Groppe, Maureen; Wu, Nicholas; Jansen, Bart; Subramanian, Courtney; Garrison, Joey (January 6, 2021). “Pence confirms Biden as winner, officially ending electoral count after day of violence at Capitol”. USA Today. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
^ Higgins, Tucker (December 21, 2020). “Joe Biden receives Covid vaccine on live television, encourages Americans to get inoculated”. CNBC. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
^ Karni, Annie; Weiland, Noah (December 21, 2020). “Biden receives the coronavirus vaccine”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
^ Kalich, Sydney (January 11, 2021). “President-elect Biden receives final COVID-19 vaccine dose”. WLAX. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b Hunnicutt, Trevor; Zengerle, Patricia; Renshaw, Jarrett (January 20, 2021). “Taking helm of divided nation, U.S. President Biden calls for end to ‘uncivil war'”. Reuters. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
^ “Biden inauguration: New president sworn in amid Trump snub”. BBC News. January 20, 2021. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
^ Parker, Ashley (August 16, 2012). “Campaigning Aside, Team Plans a Romney Presidency”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
^ Fund, John (January 21, 2013). “What was Romney Planning?”. National Review. Archived from the original on January 31, 2016. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
^ Gazis, Olivia; Erickson, Bo; Segers, Grace (September 18, 2020). “Biden receives first classified intelligence briefing”. CBS News. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
^ “Trump faces calls to work with Biden team on transition”. The Tribune. November 9, 2020. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
^ “Biden to become the second Catholic president in U.S. history, after JFK”. NBC News. January 19, 2021. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
^ Cormier, Ryan; Talorico, Patricia (November 7, 2020). “Delaware history is made: The First State gets its first president in Joe Biden”. The News Journal. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
^ Azari, Julia (August 20, 2020). “Biden Had To Fight For The Presidential Nomination. But Most VPs Have To”. FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
^ “At long last, the silent generation’s hour has come”. Financial Times. March 6, 2020. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
^ “Masked Crowd, No Trump: Why Biden Inauguration Will Be Like No Other”. Agence France-Presse. NDTV. January 18, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
^ “Biden’s first act: Orders on pandemic, climate, immigration”. Associated Press. January 20, 2021. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
^ Erikson, Bo (January 20, 2021). “Biden signs executive actions on COVID, climate change, immigration and more”. CBS News. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
^ “Joe Biden is taking executive action at a record pace”. The Economist. January 22, 2021. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
^ Cassella, Megan (January 22, 2021). “Biden signs executive orders aimed at combating hunger, protecting workers”. Politico. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
^ Allassan, Fadel; Perano, Ursula (January 20, 2021). “Biden will issue executive order to rescind Keystone XL pipeline permit”. Axios. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
^ Massie, Graeme (January 23, 2021). “Canada’s Trudeau ‘disappointed’ with Biden order to cancel Keystone pipeline”. The Independent. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
^ Nickel, Rod; Volcovici, Valerie (January 21, 2021). “TC Energy cuts jobs as Keystone pipeline nixed, but markets start to move on”. Reuters. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Keith, Tamara (February 3, 2021). “With 28 Executive Orders Signed, President Biden Is Off To A Record Start”. NPR. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
^ Knickmeyer, Ellen (February 5, 2021). “Biden ending US support for Saudi-led offensive in Yemen”. Associated Press. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
^ Starr, Barbara; Liebermann, Oren; Gaouette, Nicole (February 25, 2021). “US carries out air strikes in Syria targeting Iranian backed militias”. CNN. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
^ “H.R.1319 – American Rescue Plan Act of 2021”. United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
^ Luhby, Tami; Lobosco, Katie (January 14, 2021). “Here’s what’s in Biden’s $1.9 trillion economic rescue package”. CNN. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
^ Tankersley, Jim; Crowley, Michael (January 14, 2021). “Here are the highlights of Biden’s $1.9 trillion ‘American Rescue Plan.'”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
^ Kaplan, Thomas (March 7, 2021). “What’s in the Stimulus Bill? A Guide to Where the $1.9 Trillion Is Going”. The New York Times. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
^ “Biden administration faces pressure on immigration amid influx”. Al Jazeera. March 17, 2021. Retrieved March 20, 2021.
^ Miroff, Nick (March 13, 2021). “Biden will deploy FEMA to care for teenagers and children crossing border in record numbers”. The Washington Post. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
^ Sanger, David E.; Shear, Michael D. (April 14, 2021). “Biden, Setting Afghanistan Withdrawal, Says ‘It Is Time to End the Forever War'”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b c d E. Sanger, David (August 15, 2021). “For Biden, Images of Defeat He Wanted to Avoid”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
^ R. Gordon, Michael; Lubold, Gordon; Salama, Vivian (April 17, 2021). “Biden Rebuffed Commanders’ Advice in Decision to Leave Afghanistan”. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
^ Wadington, Katie (April 14, 2021). “Afghanistan withdrawal draws strong Capitol Hill reactions, making some strange alliances”. USA Today. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
^ “New momentum reduces emissions gap, but huge gap remains – analysis”. Carbon Action Tracker. climateactiontracker.org. April 23, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
^ Newburger, Emma (April 22, 2021). “Here’s what countries pledged on climate change at Biden’s global summit”. CNBC. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
^ Lemire, Jonathan; Boak, Josh (April 28, 2021). “Biden to the nation and world: ‘America is rising anew'”. Star Tribune. Archived from the original on April 29, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
^ Nazaryan, Alexander (April 15, 2021). “Biden breaks with Obama, as well as Trump, on everything from Afghanistan to spending”. Yahoo! News. Yahoo!. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
^ “Remarks by President Biden and H.E. Moon Jae-in, President of the Republic of Korea at Press Conference”. whitehouse.gov. May 21, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
^ Haltiwanger, John (June 3, 2021). “Biden’s first trip abroad will be a whirlwind of major meetings with key allies and top rivals”. Business Insider. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
^ “Most Federal Employees Will Receive Friday Off for Juneteenth”. Government Executive. June 17, 2021. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
^ Watson, Kathryn; Quinn, Melissa (June 18, 2021). “Biden signs bill making Juneteenth a federal holiday”. CBS News. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
^ Jaffe, Alexandra; Madhani, Aamer (July 22, 2021). “Biden says getting COVID-19 vaccine ‘gigantically important'”. Associated Press. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
^ “Covid misinformation on Facebook is killing people – Biden”. BBC News. July 17, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
^ Madhani, Aamer; Lemire, Jonathan (September 16, 2021). “Biden announces Indo-Pacific alliance with UK, Australia”. Associated Press. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
^ Gunerigok, Servet (April 27, 2021). “Leave Afghanistan ASAP: US to citizens wishing to do so”. www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
^ “Afghanistan Travel Advisory – Level 4: Do Not Travel”. U.S. Embassy in Afghanistan. April 27, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
^ “U.S. involvement in Afghanistan “doesn’t end” on August 31, acting ambassador says” – via www.cbsnews.com.
^ Liptak, Kevin; Zeleny, Jeff; Collins, Kaitlan; Hansler, Jennifer; Vazquez, Maegan (August 16, 2021). “Biden admits Afghanistan’s collapse ‘did unfold more quickly than we had anticipated'”. CNN. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
^ Merchant, Nomaan; Miller, Zeke (August 19, 2021). “Misread warnings helped lead to chaotic Afghan evacuation”. Associated Press. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b c “Biden defends ‘messy’ US pullout from Afghanistan”. BBC News. August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
^ Prakash, Nidhi (August 16, 2021). “Joe Biden Blamed Afghan Leaders For Giving Up As The Taliban Took Control”. Buzzfeed News. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
^ Edmondson, Catie (August 16, 2021). “Lawmakers Unite in Bipartisan Fury Over Afghanistan Withdrawal”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2021.
^ McKelvey, Tara; Deng, Boer (2021). “Biden’s week of blame and tumult after Kabul fall”. bbc.co.uk. BBC News. History is going to judge us very harshly, I believe, if we allow the hope of a liberated Afghanistan to evaporate because we are fearful of the phrase nation-building or we do not stay the course
^ Jump up to: a b Watson, Kathryn (August 16, 2021). “Biden says “buck stops with me” and defends Afghanistan withdrawal”. CBS News. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b Blake, Aaron (August 16, 2021). “Biden says the ‘buck stops with me’ — while pinning blame on Trump and many Afghans”. The Washington Post. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
^ “Brutal ISIS-K affiliate in Afghanistan poses terror threat to U.S. evacuation”. USA Today. August 23, 2021. Archived from the original on August 23, 2021. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
^ “American forces keep up airlift under high threat warnings”. Associated Press. August 28, 2021. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
^ Collins, Michael; Brook, Tom Vanden; Shesgreen, Deirdre (August 28, 2021). “Biden said US would ‘hunt’ down Kabul airport attackers. A day later, a drone strike killed two ISIS-K targets”. USA TODAY. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
^ Stewart, Phil; Ali, Idrees (September 19, 2021). “U.S. says Kabul drone strike killed 10 civilians, including children, in ‘tragic mistake'”. Reuters. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
^ Madhani, Aamer; Freking, Kevin (September 1, 2021). “Biden defends departure from ‘forever war,’ praises airlift”. Associated Press. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
^ Gore, D’Angelo; Farley, Robert; Robertson, Lori (September 2, 2021). “How Many Americans and Allies Are Left in Afghanistan?”. Factcheck.org. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
^ Salama, Vivian; Youssef, Nancy (August 29, 2021). “U.S. Vows to Stay Committed to Afghanistan as Presence Fades”. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on August 29, 2021. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
^ Nilsen, Ella (August 25, 2021). “Climate measures in reconciliation, infrastructure bills will mostly meet Biden’s emissions goals, Schumer says”. CNN. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
^ Grayer, Annie; Nilsen, Ella; Diaz, Daniella (September 2, 2021). “Key committee marks up its part of the $3.5 trillion budget package with some of it aimed at natural disasters”. CNN. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
^ Natter, Ari; A Dlouhy, Jennifer; Krukowska, Ewa (September 14, 2021). “U.S. and EU Vow Steep Methane Cuts Ahead of Climate Summit”. Bloomberg. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
^ “China Briefing, 16 September 2021: Xi and Biden discuss climate; Johnson’s ‘last-ditch’ talks with Xi; Advice for China’s carbon goals”. Carbon Brief. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
^ Murphy, Katharine (September 14, 2021). “Climate change will be on agenda when Scott Morrison meets Joe Biden in the US”. The Guardian. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
^ Mason, Jeff (September 16, 2021). “Biden will convene Major Economies Forum on Friday to press for climate action”. Reuters. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
^ “President Biden to Host Leader-Level Meeting of the Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate”. whitehouse.gov. September 15, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
^ “Biden pledges to double U.S. climate change aid; some activists unimpressed”. Reuters. September 21, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
^ Kruzel, John (May 6, 2019). “Joe Biden claims he was a staunch liberal in the Senate. He wasn’t”. PolitiFact. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
^ Smith, Sean (November 15, 2020). “Be warned Joe Biden – centrism is no longer a safe haven in politics”. The Independent. Archived from the original on December 17, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Hook, Janet (August 12, 2020). “Picking Harris, Biden puts centrist stamp on Democrats’ future”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Waldman, Paul (July 16, 2020). “Opinion: How Joe Biden is moving left while still being seen as a moderate”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
^ Bacon, Perry Jr. (May 21, 2020). “The Pandemic Has Pushed Biden To The Left. How Far Will He Go?”. FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on December 28, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
^ Lucas, Peter (August 8, 2020). “Shifting farther to the left, Biden is now a Bernie Bro”. Boston Herald. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
^ Kiely, Kathy (September 12, 2005). “Judging Judge Roberts: A look at the Judiciary Committee”. USA Today. Archived from the original on May 17, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2008. See also: “2008 U.S. Senate Votes”. American Conservative Union. Archived from the original on March 30, 2009. Retrieved March 20, 2009. Lifetime rating is given.
^ Biden, Joe (February 17, 2010). “Assessing the Recovery Act: ‘The best is yet to come'”. whitehouse.gov. Archived from the original on January 24, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2013 – via National Archives.
^ Jump up to: a b Biden, Joe (January 27, 2011). “Biden: Mubarak Is Not a Dictator, But People Have a Right to Protest”. PBS NewsHour. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
^ Hockenberry, John (April 23, 2009). “Vice President Joe Biden pushes mass transit spending”. The Takeaway. Archived from the original on July 19, 2013. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
^ Biden, Joe (June 23, 2011). “Statement by Vice President Biden On the Bipartisan Debt Talks”. whitehouse.gov. Retrieved April 6, 2013 – via National Archives.
^ Hellman, Chris; Kramer, Mattea (April 10, 2013). “Competing Visions: President Obama, Rep. Paul Ryan, Sen. Patty Murray, and House Progressives Release Budget Proposals for 2014”. National Priorities Project. Archived from the original on November 25, 2013. Retrieved June 3, 2013.
^ Zeballos-Roig, Joseph (September 11, 2020). “Joe Biden pledges to roll back Trump’s corporate tax cuts on ‘day one,’ saying it won’t hurt businesses’ ability to hire”. Business Insider. Archived from the original on November 22, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
^ Henney, Megan (June 30, 2020). “Biden pledges to roll back Trump’s tax cuts: ‘A lot of you may not like that'”. Fox Business. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
^ “Final Senate Vote on NAFTA”. Public Citizen. Archived from the original on June 8, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
^ Lillis, Mike (January 28, 2016). “Biden coaxes Dems on Obama trade deal”. The Hill. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b Diamond, Dan (July 15, 2019). “Biden unveils health care plan: Affordable Care Act 2.0”. Politico. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
^ Barrow, Bill (July 15, 2019). “Biden aggressively defends the Affordable Care Act”. Associated Press. PBS. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
^ Scott, Dylan (August 20, 2020). “Joe Biden has a chance to finish the work of Obamacare”. Vox. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
^ Nagourney, Adam; Kaplan, Thomas (June 21, 2020). “Behind Joe Biden’s Evolution on L.G.B.T.Q. Rights”. The New York Times. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
^ “May 6: Joe Biden, Kelly Ayotte, Diane Swonk, Tom Brokaw, Chuck Todd”. NBC News. May 6, 2012. Archived from the original on April 5, 2013. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
^ Lerer, Lisa (March 29, 2019). “When Joe Biden Voted to Let States Overturn Roe v. Wade”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
^ Siders, Dave (June 22, 2019). “Biden calls for enshrining Roe v. Wade in federal law”. Politico. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
^ “Presidential Candidates views on ANWR, The Democrats”. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Archived from the original on August 7, 2008. Retrieved August 25, 2008.
^ Kranish, Michael (June 9, 2020). “Joe Biden let police groups write his crime bill. Now, his agenda has changed”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
^ McDermott, Nathan; Steck, Em (June 10, 2020). “Biden repeatedly pushed bill in Senate that critics said would have made investigating police officers for misconduct more difficult”. CNN. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
^ “A look at the environmental record of Joe Biden, Barack Obama’s running mate”. Grist. January 3, 2008. Archived from the original on May 26, 2010. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
^ Carr, Bob (September 2, 2020). “Joe Biden’s bold climate policies would leave Australia behind”. The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved September 21, 2020.
^ Moore, Elena (October 16, 2020). “Trump’s And Biden’s Plans For The Environment”. NPR. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
^ Bade, Gavin (October 14, 2020). “How Biden would use trade agreements to fight global warming”. Politico. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
^ “Biden’s hands may be tied on Trump’s China tariffs, trade experts say”. CNBC. September 8, 2020. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
^ Biden, Jr., Joseph R. (January 23, 2020). “Why America Must Lead Again”. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
^ Martin, Peter; Mohsin, Saleha; Wadhams, Nick; Leonard, Jenny (February 11, 2021). “President Biden Raises Human Rights and Trade Concerns in First Call With China’s Xi”. Time. Retrieved February 8, 2021.
^ Edward, Wong; Crawley, Michael; Swanson, Ana (September 6, 2020). “Joe Biden’s China Journey”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
^ “Foreign Policy, Joseph R. Biden Jr”. The New York Times. February 6, 2020. Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
^ Baker, Peter (October 9, 2015). “A Biden Run Would Expose Foreign Policy Differences With Hillary Clinton”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
^ Wehner, Peter (September 4, 2008). “Biden Was Wrong On the Cold War”. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on October 6, 2008. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
^ Farley, Robert (September 10, 2019). “Biden’s Record on Iraq War”. FactCheck.org. Annenberg Public Policy Center. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ “Where does Joe Biden stand on anti-Semitism, Israel and other issues that matter to Jewish voters in 2020?”. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. December 12, 2019. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
^ “Joseph R. Biden, Jr. – Council on Foreign Relations”. Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on February 6, 2008. Retrieved August 25, 2008.
^ “2020 Presidential Election”. Engage Cuba Coalition. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
^ Letzter, Rafi (July 8, 2020). “The US formally announced its withdrawal from the World Health Organization”. livescience.com. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
^ Lee, Matthew; Weissert, Will (August 2, 2020). “Biden eyes major foreign policy shifts if he wins”. Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
^ Landay, Jonathan; Mohammed, Arshad (November 25, 2020). “Biden urged to extend U.S.-Russia arms treaty for full 5 years without conditions”. Reuters. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
^ Pifer, Steven (December 1, 2020). “Reviving nuclear arms control under Biden”. Brookings Institution. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^ Liptak, Kevin (April 24, 2021). “Biden officially recognizes the massacre of Armenians in World War I as a genocide”. CNN. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
^ Wallsten, Peter (August 24, 2008). “Demographics part of calculation: Biden adds experience, yes, but he could also help with Catholics, blue-collar whites and women”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 15, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2008.
^ “A look at Biden’s net worth”. The Boston Globe. Associated Press. August 24, 2008. Archived from the original on July 25, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2009.
^ Broder, John M. (September 13, 2008). “Biden Releases Tax Returns, in Part to Pressure Rivals”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 25, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
^ Mooney, Alexander (September 12, 2008). “Biden tax returns revealed”. CNN. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
^ Montopoli, Brian (November 6, 2009). “237 Millionaires in Congress”. www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
^ Olya, Gabrielle (March 11, 2021). “How Much Is President Joe Biden Worth?”. Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
^ Olya, Gabrielle (April 18, 2021). “How Much Is President Joe Biden Worth?”. www.msn.com. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
^ Borden, Taylor (January 7, 2020). “President-elect Joe Biden just turned 78. Here’s how he went from ‘Middle-Class Joe’ to millionaire”. Business Insider. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
^ Tindera, Michela (August 28, 2019). “Here’s How Much 2020 Presidential Candidate Joe Biden Is Worth”. Forbes. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
^ Baldoni, John (August 20, 2020). “How Empathy Defines Joe Biden”. Forbes. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
^ Nagle, Molly (December 19, 2020). “Nearly 50 years after death of wife and daughter, empathy remains at Joe Biden’s core”. ABC News. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
^ Glueck, Katie; Flegenheimer, Matt (June 11, 2020). “Joe Biden, Emissary of Grief”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
^ “Transcripts”. The Situation Room. CNN. January 12, 2006. Archived from the original on July 19, 2008. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
^ Smith, Ben (December 2, 2008). “Biden, enemy of the prepared remarks”. Politico. Archived from the original on September 11, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2008.
^ Tapper, Jake (January 31, 2007). “A Biden Problem: Foot in Mouth”. ABC News. Archived from the original on August 27, 2008. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
^ Seelye, Katharine Q. (March 19, 1998). “Senate Struggles to Pay Attention to the Remapping of NATO”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
^ Halperin, Mark (August 23, 2008). “Halperin on Biden: Pros and Cons”. Time. Archived from the original on July 22, 2014. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
^ O’Neil, Luke (April 25, 2019). “‘I am a gaffe machine’: a history of Joe Biden’s biggest blunders”. The Guardian. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
^ Allen, Jonathan. “Whether Biden’s gaffe is an old problem or a new one, he needs a fix”. NBC News. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
^ Durkee, Alison (August 9, 2019). “”Gaffe Machine” Biden Comes Under Fire For “White Kids” Remark”. Vanity Fair. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
^ Jaffe, Alexandra (August 8, 2020). “Biden risks alienating young Black voters after race remarks”. Associated Press. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
^ Stevens, Matt (August 9, 2019). “Joe Biden Says ‘Poor Kids’ Are Just as Bright as ‘White Kids'”. The New York Times. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
Works cited
Barone, Michael; Cohen, Richard E. (2008). The Almanac of American Politics. National Journal. Washington. ISBN 978-0-89234-116-0.
Bronner, Ethan (1989). Battle for Justice: How the Bork Nomination Shook America. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-02690-0.
Gadsen, Brett (October 8, 2012). Between North and South: Delaware, Desegregation, and the Myth of American Sectionalism. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-0797-2.
Levingston, Steven; Dyson, Michael (2019). Barack and Joe: The Making of an Extraordinary Partnership. Hachette. ISBN 978-0-316-48788-7.
Mayer, Jane; Abramson, Jill (1994). Strange Justice: The Selling of Clarence Thomas. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-395-63318-2.
Moritz, Charles, ed. (1987). Current Biography Yearbook 1987. New York: H. W. Wilson Company.
Wolffe, Richard (2009). Renegade: The Making of a President. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 978-0-307-46312-8.
Taylor, Paul (1990). See How They Run: Electing the President in an Age of Mediaocracy. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-394-57059-4.
Witcover, Jules (2010). Joe Biden: A Life of Trial and Redemption. New York City: William Morrow. ISBN 978-0-06-179198-7.
External links
Official
President Joe Biden official website
Presidential campaign website
Obama White House biography (archived)
Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
Legislation sponsored at the Library of Congress
Other
Appearances on C-SPAN
Joe Biden at Curlie
“Joe Biden collected news and commentary”. The New York Times.
Joe Biden at On the Issues
Joe Biden at PolitiFact
Profile at Vote Smart
Template:Authority control
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Joe_Biden
Joe Biden
Contributors to Wikimedia projects158-200 minutes 11/9/2002
Joe Biden
Joe Biden presidential portrait.jpg
Official portrait, 2021
46th President of the United States
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 20, 2021
Vice President Kamala Harris
Preceded by Donald Trump
47th Vice President of the United States
In office
January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017
President Barack Obama
Preceded by Dick Cheney
Succeeded by Mike Pence
United States Senator
from Delaware
In office
January 3, 1973 – January 15, 2009
Preceded by J. Caleb Boggs
Succeeded by Ted Kaufman
Personal details
Born
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr.
November 20, 1942 (age 78)
Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Political party Democratic (1969–present)
Other political
affiliations Independent (before 1969)
Spouse(s)
Neilia Hunter
(m. ; died )
Jill Jacobs
(m. )
Children
Beau
Hunter
Naomi
Ashley
Parents
Joseph Robinette Biden Sr.
Catherine Eugenia Finnegan
Relatives Biden family
Education
University of Delaware (BA)
Syracuse University (JD)
Occupation
Politician
lawyer
author
Awards List of honors and awards
Signature
Website
Campaign website
White House website
show
Other offices
.
.
*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
.
.
.
.
*“XXX”* ☞ 👉👉👉
.
.
👈👈👈☜*“LIVING PRESIDENTS”* ☞ 👉👉👉
.
.
💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
.
.
*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
.
.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥